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Languages Implementation With Parrot Lua On Parrot A Study Case

This document discusses implementing the Lua programming language on the Parrot virtual machine. It provides an overview of Lua's features and implementation as native Parrot memory containers. Tests were written to validate Lua functionality. The Lua standard libraries were implemented in Parrot Intermediate Representation code. The Lua parser and compiler make use of Parrot's compiler toolkit to generate Parrot Abstract Syntax Trees and Parrot opcodes from Lua source code.

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59 views24 pages

Languages Implementation With Parrot Lua On Parrot A Study Case

This document discusses implementing the Lua programming language on the Parrot virtual machine. It provides an overview of Lua's features and implementation as native Parrot memory containers. Tests were written to validate Lua functionality. The Lua standard libraries were implemented in Parrot Intermediate Representation code. The Lua parser and compiler make use of Parrot's compiler toolkit to generate Parrot Abstract Syntax Trees and Parrot opcodes from Lua source code.

Uploaded by

Mikhail Miguel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Languages Implementation with Parrot A study case: Lua on Parrot

Franois Perrad [email protected] PAUSE ID: PERRAD Parrot SVN: fperrad

Languages in Parrot
today, more than 50
see languages/LANGUAGES_STATUS.pod

PIR generators (antlr, yapp, yacc, )


jako, basic, PJS

PIR generators written with PIR


TCL, Python, Ruby, Perl, PHP, Lua

Bytecode Translators
dotnet, WMLScript

Obfuscated
bf, befunge, ook
fperrad@FWP07

Parrot Compiler Toolkit


Patrick R. Michaud
See his presentation at YAPC::NA2007

Parser Grammar Engine Tree Grammar Engine Parrot Abstract Syntax Tree
Node, Op, Val, Var, Stmts, Block

Parrot Opcode Syntax Tree


Node, Ops, Op, Label, Sub

HLLCompiler
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Why choose Lua


Prove the design goal : supports all dynamic languages Lua has advanced features Lua is small & simple A good way to learn Lua

fperrad@FWP07

Lua
Academic origin (1993, Brazil) Open Source
but Closed Development

Often embedded into applications Widely used in Game industry www.lua.org

fperrad@FWP07

Lua features
function as first class exception (as library) closure coroutine (as library) iterator regex (with its own dialect) some OO mechanisms tail call
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Lua is small
8 types
nil, boolean, number, string, function, userdata, thread, table

21 keywords
No builtin function, only standard libraries

Grammar EBNF
1 page

Reference Manual
< 100 pages
fperrad@FWP07

Lua On Parrot
Native PMC Tests Compiler based on Parse::Yapp Lua Standard Libraries Interpreter based on PGE/TGE

fperrad@FWP07

Lua PMC
Native implementation of all Lua types
As a shared library or a DLL

Preprocessed C dialect
VTABLE methods Non-VTABLE methods Specifics methods

Allows in PIR :
.HLL 'Lua', 'lua_group' .local pmc MyStr new MyStr, 'LuaString' set MyStr, 'Some text'
fperrad@FWP07

Lua PMC
pmclass LuaNumber extends LuaAny does float dynpmc group lua_group hll Lua maps Float { void init() { PMC_num_val(SELF) = 0.0; } STRING* name() { return const_string(INTERP, "number"); } void increment() { PMC_num_val(SELF) ++; }

fperrad@FWP07

Lua PMC
INTVAL cmp(PMC* value) { MMD_LuaNumber: { FLOATVAL diff; diff = PMC_num_val(SELF) - PMC_num_val(value); return diff > 0 ? 1 : diff < 0 ? -1 : 0; } MMD_DEFAULT: { real_exception(INTERP, NULL, ILL_INHERIT, "attempt to compare number with %s", string_to_cstring(INTERP, VTABLE_name(INTERP, value))); return 0; } }

fperrad@FWP07

Lua Tests
as part of smoke test
make languages-smoke http://smoke.parrotcode.org/smoke/

a framework from Perl


use Test::More; pir_output_is, pir_output_like, language_output_is, language_output_like

Test Driven Development today, Lua has more than 970 tests
fperrad@FWP07

Lua Tests
# file: examples.t language_output_is('lua',<<'CODE',<<'OUT','factorial'); function factorial (n) if n == 0 then return 1 else return n * factorial(n-1) end end print(factorial(7)) CODE 5040 OUT

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luac.pl with Parse::Yapp


PGE was not available at this time Yapp is a good tool Split complexity
What PIR needed by Lua How generate it
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Lua Standard Libraries


9 libraries written in PIR:
basic (24/25), coroutine (6/6), package (3/4), string (13/14), table (8/8), math (28/28), IO (17/18), OS (11/11), debug (7/14)

More complex functions are :


Eval, Exception, Regex (extends PGE)

A huge work
fperrad@FWP07

Lua Standard Libraries


=item C<string.len (s)> Receives a string and returns its length. =cut .sub 'len' :anon .param pmc s :optional .param pmc extra :slurpy .local pmc res $S1 = lua_checkstring(1, s) $I0 = length $S1 new res, 'LuaNumber' set res, $I0 .return (res) .end fperrad@FWP07

Lua on Parrot
PGE
Lua grammar + optable : src/lua51.pg

TGE
PAST-pm : src/PASTGrammar.tg POST : src/POSTGrammar.tg

HLLCompiler
Lua::Compiler + Utils : src/lua51.pir

Standalone interpreter
Entry point : lua.pir A single PBC : lua.pbc

PIR generation & execution


fperrad@FWP07

Lua on Parrot
A lexicography test : test_lex.pir luap.pir target=PARSE|PAST|POST|PIR
.sub 'main' :main .param pmc args load_bytecode 'languages/lua/lua.pbc' $P0 = compreg 'Lua' $S0 = "Compiler Lua 5.1 on Parrot" $P0.commandline_banner($S0) $P0.command_line(args) .end

fperrad@FWP07

Lua Parse

"parse" => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "print \"Hello world!\"\r\n" @ 0 { <block> => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "print \"Hello world!\"\r\n" @ 0 { <statement> => ResizablePMCArray (size:1) [ PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "print \"Hello world!\"\r\n" @ 0 { <expression_stat> => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "print \"Hello world! <primary_expression> => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "print \"Hello w <prefix_expression> => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "print " @ 0 { <Name> => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "print" @ 0 } <slice_expression> => ResizablePMCArray (size:1) [ PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "\"Hello world!\"\r\n" @ 6 { <function_args> => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "\"Hello world! <string> => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "\"Hello world! <quoted_literal> => PMC 'Lua::Grammar' => "Hello wor } fperrad@FWP07 }

Lua PAST
"past" => PMC 'PAST::Block' { [0] => PMC 'PAST::Var' { <name> => "vararg" <scope> => "parameter" <isslurpy> => 1 } [1] => PMC 'PAST::Stmts' { [0] => PMC 'PAST::Op' { <pasttype> => "call" [0] => PMC 'PAST::Var' { <name> => "print" <scope> => "package" } [1] => PMC 'PAST::Val' { <vtype> => "LuaString" <name> => "Hello world!" } } fperrad@FWP07

Lua - PIR
.HLL "Lua", "lua_group" .sub "&start"

:anon :main

.end .sub "&main_10" :outer("&start") :anon :lex .param pmc vararg :slurpy .const .LuaString k_print = "print" .local pmc subr subr = interpinfo .INTERPINFO_CURRENT_SUB $P11 = subr.getfenv() set $P12, $P11[k_print] new $P13, "LuaString" set $P13, "Hello world!" $P12($P13) .end
fperrad@FWP07

Status of Lua on Parrot


Garbage Collection problems
performance

Parrot IO & OS subsystems are incomplete Next step : shift to PCT See languages/lua/doc/status.pod
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Feedback to Parrot
Lua on Parrot is successful Tool effectiveness
Only 4 kLoC

Learning curve challenge

fperrad@FWP07

Back to Perl6 / Parrot


Conditions of success
Language Perl6 : OK Parrot Core VM : OK Parrot Compiler Toolkit : OK Wrapper Toolkit
NCI is better than Perl XS The state of the art : Python pyrex & ctype

Distributed Computing
~ Java RMI
fperrad@FWP07

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