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Module 7 TOGAF Content Metamodel

V9.1 Edition Copyright 2009-2011

All rights reserved Published by The Open Group, 2011

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TOGAF Content Metamodel

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Roadmap
Part I - Introduction
Preface, Executive Overview, Core Concepts, Definitions and Release Notes

Part II Architecture Development Method

Introduction to ADM ADM Phase Narratives

Part III ADM Guidelines and Techniques

Guidelines for Adapting the ADM Process Techniques for Architecture Development

Part IV, Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 34

Part IV Architecture Content Framework

Content Metamodel Architectural Artifacts Architecture Deliverables Building Blocks

Part V Enterprise Continuum and Tools

Enterprise Continuum Architecture Partitioning Architecture Repository Tools for Architecture Development

Part VI Reference Models

Foundation Architecture: Technical Reference Model Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model

Part VII Architecture Capability Framework

Architecture Architecture Architecture Architecture Architecture Architecture Board Compliance Contracts Governance Maturity Models Skills Framework

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Module Objectives
The objectives of this module are to describe: What a metamodel is and why it is needed Key concepts of the Core Metamodel The division of the metamodel into Core and Extensions Key concepts of the Core Metamodel Entities The components of the TOGAF Content Metamodel

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What is a metamodel?
A metamodel is a precise definition of the constructs and rules needed for creating models
Source www.metamodel.com

A model that describes how and with what the architecture will be described in a structured way.
TOGAF 9 definitions

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Why a metamodel?

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Benefits of the Metamodel

The content metamodel provides a number of benefits: It formalizes the definition of an Enterprise Architecture It formalizes the relationship between objects It enables an EA tool mapping

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Formal and Informal Modeling

When defining architecture content there are choices to be made on the level of structure and formality In some cases very formal specific language is needed in order to articulate and govern in a precise or detailed way In other cases the use of formal engineering discipline will result in architecture content that is: inappropriate for the audience difficult to communicate

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Core Content Metamodel Concepts

A TOGAF architecture is based on
Defining architectural building blocks within architecture catalogs Specifying the relationships between those building blocks in architecture matrices And presenting communication diagrams that show in a precise way what the architecture is

The metamodel is structured into Core and Extension content

Core content is designed not to be altered

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Core and Extension Content

In order to support many scenarios the metamodel has been partitioned into core and extension content The core provides a minimum set of architectural content to support traceability across artifacts The extension content allows for more specific or more indepth modeling

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TOGAF Content Metamodel and its Extensions

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Core Metamodel Entities

Actor: A person, organization, or system that is outside the consideration of the architecture model, but interacts with it. Application Component: An encapsulation of application functionality that is aligned to implementation structuring. Business Service: Supports business capabilities through an explicitly defined interface and is explicitly governed by an organization. Data Entity: An encapsulation of data that is recognized by a business domain expert as a discrete concept. Data entities can be tied to applications, repositories, and services and may be structured according to implementation considerations. Function: Delivers business capabilities closely aligned to an organization, but not explicitly governed by the organization.

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Core Metamodel Entities (Contd)

Information System Service: The automated elements of a business service. An information system service may deliver or support all of one or more business services. Organization Unit: A self-contained unit of resources with line management responsibility, goals, objectives, and measures. Organization units may include external parties and business partner organizations. Platform Service: A technical capability required to provide enabling infrastructure that supports the delivery of applications. Role: An actor assumes a role to perform a task. Technology Component: An encapsulation of technology infrastructure that represents a class of technology product or specific technology product.
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Core Entities and their Relationships

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Stakeholder Needs
Executive CxO Programme Management Office Line Management

Executive

HR

Line Management

Application Management

IT Service Business Management Domain Experts

Functional / Business Process Experts

Infrastructure Management

Procurement

Data / Voice Communications

Stakeholder Types QA/ Standards Groups Product Specialists Enterprise Security Technical Specialists

Corporate

System

End - User

Project

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The Content Metamodel

The content metamodel provides definitions of all the types of building blocks that may exist, showing how they can be described and related to one another. When creating and managing architectures, it is necessary to consider concerns such as business services, actors, applications, data entities, and technology. The metamodel highlights these concerns, shows their relationships and identifies artifacts that can be used to represent them in a consistent way. The metamodel can also be used to provide guidance to organizations that wish to implement their architecture using an architecture tool.
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Content Metamodel (Simplified)

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Content Metamodel (Detailed)

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Core Content Metamodel

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Preliminary Phase Principles catalog Requirements Management Phase B, Business Architecture Organization/Actor catalog Driver/Goal/Objective catalog Role catalog Business Service/Function catalog Location catalog Process/Event/Control/Product catalog Contract/Measure catalog Business Interaction matrix Actor/Role matrix Business Footprint diagram Business Service/Information diagram Functional Decomposition diagram Product Lifecycle diagram

TOGAF 9 Artifacts
Requirements catalog Phase C, Data Architecture Data Entity/Data Component catalog Data Entity/Business Function matrix Application/Data matrix Logical Data diagram Data Dissemination diagram

Phase A, Architecture Vision Stakeholder Map Matrix Solution Concept diagram

Value Chain diagram

Phase C, Application Architecture Application Portfolio catalog Interface catalog Application/Organization matrix Role/Application matrix Application/Function matrix Application Interaction matrix Application Communication diagram Application and User Location diagram Application Use-Case diagram

Phase D, Technology Architecture Technology Standards catalog Technology Portfolio catalog System/Technology matrix Environments and Locations diagram Platform Decomposition diagram

Phase E. Opportunities & Solutions Project Context diagram Benefits diagram

Core TOGAF 9 Artifacts

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Full Content Metamodel

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Full Content Metamodel with Relationships

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Full Content Metamodel Artifacts

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Metamodel Extensions

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Governance Extension

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Governance Extension
Scope:
The ability to apply measures to objectives and then link those measures to services The ability to apply contracts to service communication or service interactions with external users and systems The ability to define re-usable service qualities defining a servicelevel profile that can be used in contracts Creation of additional diagrams to show ownership and management of systems

Additional diagrams to be created:

Enterprise Manageability diagram

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Governance Extension
This extension should be used in the following situations:
When an organization is considering IT change that will result in a significant impact to existing operational governance models When an organization has granular requirements for service levels that differ from service to service When an organization is looking to transform its operational governance practice

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Services Extension

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Services Extension
Scope:
Creation of IS services as an extension of business service

Additional diagrams to be created:

Business Use-Case Diagram Organization Decomposition Diagram

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Services Extension
This extension should be used in the following situations:
When the business has a preset definition of its services that does not align well to technical and architectural needs When business and IT use different language to describe similar capabilities Where IT service is misaligned with business need, particularly around the areas of quality of service, visibility of performance, and management granularity Where IT is taking initial steps to engage business in discussions about IT architecture
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Process Modeling Extension

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Process Modeling Extension

Scope:
Creation of events as triggers for processes Creation of controls that business logic and governance gates for process execution Creation of products to represent the output of a process Creation of event diagrams to track triggers and state changes across the organization

Additional diagrams to be created:

Process Flow diagrams Event diagrams

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Process Modeling Extension

This extension should be used in the following situations:
Where the architecture must pay specific attention to state and events Where the architecture is required to explicitly identify and store process control steps; for example, to support regulatory compliance Where the architecture features critical or elaborate process flows

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Data Extension

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Data Extension
Scope:
Creation of logical data components that group data entities into encapsulated modules for governance, security, and deployment purposes Creation of physical data components that implement logical data components; analogous to databases, registries, repositories, schemas, and other techniques of segmenting data Creation of data lifecycle, data security, and data migration diagrams to show data concerns in more detail

Additional diagrams to be created: :

Data Security diagram Class Hierarchy diagram Data Migration diagram Data Lifecycle diagram

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Data Extension
This extension should be used in the following situations:
Where the architecture features significant complexity and risk around the location, encapsulation, and management of or access to data

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Infrastructure Consolidation Extension

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Infrastructure Consolidation Extension

Scope:
Creation of a location entity to hold the location of IT assets and external consumers of service Creation of logical and physical application components to abstract the capability of an application away from the actual applications in existence Creation of logical and physical application components to abstract product type from the actual technology products in existence Creation of additional diagrams focusing on the location of assets, compliance with standards, structure of applications, application migration, and infrastructure configuration

Additional diagrams to be created: Process/System Realization diagram Software Engineering diagram Application Migration diagram Software Distribution diagram Processing diagram Networked Computing/Hardware diagram Communications Engineering diagram

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Infrastructure Consolidation Extension

This extension should be used in the following situations:
Where many technology products are in place with duplicate or overlapping capability Where many applications are in place with duplicate or overlapping functionality Where applications are geographically dispersed and the decision logic for determining the location of an application is not well understood When applications are going to be migrated into a consolidated platform When application features are going to be migrated into a consolidated application
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Motivation Extension

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Motivation Extension
The scope of this extension is as follows:
Creation of a new metamodel entity for Driver that shows factors generally motivating or constraining an organization Creation of a new metamodel entity for Goal that shows the strategic purpose and mission of an organization Creation of a new metamodel entity for Objective that shows near to midterm achievements that an organization would like to attain Creation of a Goal/Objective/Service diagram showing the traceability from drivers, goals, and objectives through to services

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Additional diagrams to be created:

Goal/Objective/Service diagram

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Motivation Extension
This extension should be used in the following situations:
When the architecture needs to understand the motivation of organizations in more detail than the standard business or engagement principles and objectives that are informally modeled within the core content metamodel When organizations have conflicting drivers and objectives and that conflict needs to be understood and addressed in a structured form When service levels are unknown or unclear
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Summary
TOGAF provides a rich metamodel This provides a number of benefits: It supports both formal and informal modeling It formalizes the definition of an Enterprise Architecture It formalizes the relationship between objects It enables an EA tool mapping

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Exercise
Determine which of the Metamodel extensions is most appropriate for the following situations:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Where organizations have conflicting objectives Where service levels are unknown Where many applications are in use with overlapping functionality Where management of information is complex Where business process has to support regulatory compliance

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TOGAF Content Metamodel

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