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Moving Coil and Moving Iron Principles

There are two main types of instruments for current measurement - moving coil and moving iron. [1] Moving coil instruments use a permanent magnet to generate a torque on a coil proportional to current. They have high accuracy but are only suitable for DC. [2] Dynamometer type moving coil instruments can measure AC by using the magnetic field generated by the measured current itself. [3] Moving iron instruments generate torque by electromagnetic attraction or repulsion of iron elements. They can measure both AC and DC but the torque is non-linearly related to current.

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Anil Herath
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2K views10 pages

Moving Coil and Moving Iron Principles

There are two main types of instruments for current measurement - moving coil and moving iron. [1] Moving coil instruments use a permanent magnet to generate a torque on a coil proportional to current. They have high accuracy but are only suitable for DC. [2] Dynamometer type moving coil instruments can measure AC by using the magnetic field generated by the measured current itself. [3] Moving iron instruments generate torque by electromagnetic attraction or repulsion of iron elements. They can measure both AC and DC but the torque is non-linearly related to current.

Uploaded by

Anil Herath
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Moving coil and moving iron principles

Moving Coil Instruments


Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Mechanism (PMMC)

TI = NBAI This torque will cause the coil to rotate until an equilibrium position is reached at an angle with its original orientation. At this position Electromagnetic torque = control spring torque TI = Ts = K = NBAI = CI (where C= (NBA/K)

Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Mechanism (PMMC)


Advantages It has uniform scale. With a powerful magnet, its torque to weight ratio is very high. So operating current of PMMC is small. The sensitivity is high. It has high accuracy. Extension of instrument range is possible. Disadvantages PMMC is Suitable for direct current measurement only. Ageing of permanent magnet and the control springs introduces the errors. The cost is high due to delicate construction and accurate machining.

Dynamometer (Electro dynamics) type


Scale Pointer Movable Coil i1

i2 Fixed Coil

T=B.A.I.n Since B ~ I

T ~ B.I

T ~ I2

Dynamometer (Electro dynamics) type


Advantages Able to directly use for AC measurements No Ageing effect . Disadvantages Error due to stray magnetic fields Frequency Errors.

Moving iron Instruments


Attraction (or single-iron) type

Moving iron Instruments


Repulsion (or Double-iron) type

Moving iron Instruments


Repulsion (or Double-iron) type

Moving iron Instruments


The change in energy of magnetic field, dw = Td d Since change in energy dE = workdone, dw Td d = I2dL Td = I2dL/d

This is non- linear relationship

Moving iron Instruments


Advantages The instruments are suitable for use in AC and DC circuits. The instruments are robust, owing to the simple construction of the moving parts. The stationary parts of the instruments are also simple. Instrument is low cost compared to moving coil instrument. Torque/weight ratio is high, thus less frictional error. Disadvantages Error due to friction is quite small as torque-weight ratio is high in moving coil instruments. Error due to variation of frequency causes change of reactance of the coil and also changes the eddy currents induced in neighboring metal. Deflecting torque is not exactly proportional to the square of the current due to nonlinear characteristics of iron material.

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