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Hardwired Control Unit

The document discusses hardwired control units and describes two methods for designing them - the classical and one-hot methods. The classical method uses a minimum number of flip-flops to encode states, while the one-hot method dedicates one flip-flop per state. An example GCD processor is designed using both methods to illustrate the process. The one-hot method is said to provide a more regular and predictable circuit structure compared to the classical method.

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Vaishali Powar
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3K views20 pages

Hardwired Control Unit

The document discusses hardwired control units and describes two methods for designing them - the classical and one-hot methods. The classical method uses a minimum number of flip-flops to encode states, while the one-hot method dedicates one flip-flop per state. An example GCD processor is designed using both methods to illustrate the process. The one-hot method is said to provide a more regular and predictable circuit structure compared to the classical method.

Uploaded by

Vaishali Powar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hardwired control unit

 Uses fixed logic circuits .  Interprets instructions and generates control signals.  Design methods: 1. Classical method

log 2P flip-flops used for P states. 2. One-hot method P flip-flops used for P states.

Hardwired control unit Contd..


 State tables:

FSMs are defined by state tables. Types:


Mealy 2. Moore
1.

Hardwired control unit Contd..


 Mealy type state table:

Output values depend on combination of input and the current state of the machine.

Hardwired control unit Contd..


 Moore type state table:

Output values depend on the current state of the machine.

Example:GCD Processor
 gcd(X,Y):It computes largest integer that divides both X and Y.

GCD Algo:An Example

Example:GCD Processor contd..


 Control Signals : 1. Function select: subtract 2. Data routing: select XY,swap 3. Storage control: load XR, load YR  Conditions : 1. XR>0 2. XR>=YR

Example:GCD Processor contd..


 Classical method:

Steps: 1. Construct P-row state table 2. Select min number p of D-type flipflop and assign p-bit binary code to each state. 3. Design combinational logic circuit C that generates the primary output signal {Zi} and secondary outputs {Di} .

u1 (Swap) ) S 3 end ) 0 begin 2 Subtract

GCD processor-Classical method


 Step-I:

State table for GCD processor-

GCD processor-Classical method contd..


 Step-II:

2 bit binary pattern for each of the 4 states is to be assigned. S0 = 0 0 S1 = 0 1 S2 = 1 0 S3 = 1 1

GCD processor-Classical method contd..


 Step-III: The excitation table(binary version of state table ) is first constructed.

Construct equation for D1+

GCD processor-Classical method contd..

D1+ = D0 + (XR>=YR) + (XR>0)

GCD processor-Classical method contd..


 Construct equation for D0+

D0+ = D1 D0 + (XR>=YR). D0 + (XR>0). D0

GCD processor-Classical method contd..


 Construct equation for all primary outputs.

Subtract = D1 D0 Swap = D1 D0 Select XY = D1 D0 Load XR = D1 +D0 Load YR = D1

GCD processor-Classical method contd..


 Design NAND-NAND design for the primary and secondary outputs.

GCD processor-One-hot method


 1. 2. 3.  

Drawbacks of classical method: Hard to change the behavior Random structure Application specific One hot method gives regular and predictable circuit C. State is defined by hot bit in state variable. Si = b0b1b2 bi bn; bi is to be set to 1 and all other bits are set to 0.

GCD processor-One-hot method Contd


 Steps: 1. Construct P-row state table 2. Associate a separate D-type flip-flop Di with each state Si, and assign the P-bit one hot binary code

D1,D2, ,Di-1,Di,Di+1, Dp = 0,0,..0,1,0,..0 3. Design a combinational circuit C that generates the primary and secondary output signals {Di} and {Zk} resp.

GCD processor-One-hot method Contd


 Secondary output:

Di+ = Di(Ij,1 + Ij,2 +


 Primary output:

..+ Ij,nj) for i=1,2 p

Zk= Dk,1 + Dk,2 + . + Dk,mk = Dk,1 Dk,2 Dk,mk

GCD processor-One-hot method Contd


 Step I will remain same as that of classical method  Step-II

S0= 0 0 0 1 S1= 0 0 1 0 S2= 0 1 0 0 S3= 1 0 0 0

GCD processor-One-hot method Contd

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