Scribd
Upload
39 views12 pages

Lecture 1 Introduction

The document provides background information on semiconductors and integrated circuits. It discusses the history of transistors and integrated circuits, from the first transistor developed at Bell Labs in 1947 to the first integrated circuit created by Texas Instruments in 1958. It also describes different types of semiconductors such as silicon, germanium, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, and explains their electrical properties and uses in electronics.

Uploaded by

Ellen Kay Cacatian
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views12 pages

Lecture 1 Introduction

The document provides background information on semiconductors and integrated circuits. It discusses the history of transistors and integrated circuits, from the first transistor developed at Bell Labs in 1947 to the first integrated circuit created by Texas Instruments in 1958. It also describes different types of semiconductors such as silicon, germanium, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, and explains their electrical properties and uses in electronics.

Uploaded by

Ellen Kay Cacatian
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

1

IC PACKAGING LABORATORY
Introduction

History / Background
First transistor, AT&T Bell Labs - 1947 First single crystal Germanium - 1952

First single crystal Silicon - 1954

First IC device, TI - 1958

SEMICONDUCTORS

ELEMENTAL

COMPOUND

SILICON

GERMANIUM

SEMICONDUCTORS

INTRINSIC

EXTRINSIC

Silicon

Silicon is the second most abundant element and comprises 25% of the earth's crust. Makes up major portion of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2), and sand. Uses: Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2). It is used as a semiconductor to make microchips for electronics (like your computer). Silicon is also used in solar cells, tools, cement, grease and oils.

Germanium

Obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead. Uses: Widely used in semiconductors, infrared prisms, reflectors in projectors, wide angle lenses and dentistry.

Semiconductors

material with electrical conductivity due to electron flow; intermediate in magnitude between that of a conductor and an insulator.

Semiconductors

In semiconductors, current is often schematized as being carried either by the flow of electrons or by the flow of positively charged holes" in the electron structure of the material.

Charge Carriers in Semiconductors


8

Two types of electronic charge carriers: Free Electron negative charge in conduction band Hole positive charge vacant electron state in Move at different speeds - drift velocities the valence band

Semiconductors

The ease with which electrons in the semiconductor can be excited from the valence band to the conduction band depends on the band gap between the bands. In graphs of the electronic band structure of solids, the band gap generally refers to the energy difference (in electron volts) between the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band in insulators and semiconductors.

Semiconductors
-- narrow band gap (< 2 eV) -- more electrons excited across band gap
Energy ?

GAP filled states

empty conduction band

filled valence band filled band

Semiconductors

Semiconductor materials are the foundation of modern electronics, including radio, computers, telephones, and many other devices. e.g. transistors, solar cells, many kinds of diodes including the light-emitting diode, the silicon controlled rectifier, and digital and analog integrated circuits.

You might also like