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    Combustion Chamber Design

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    Xenon Argon
    The document discusses combustion chamber design, outlining key considerations like minimal flame travel, sufficient turbulence, and high volumetric efficiency. It describes common chamber shapes like wedge, hemispherical, bowl-in-piston, and crescent. Fast combustion and low heat transfer are desired. Turbulence is important for decreasing burn time and allowing leaner mixtures. Swirl and tumble help induce turbulence.

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    Combustion Chamber Design

    Uploaded by

    Xenon Argon
    166 views32 pages
    The document discusses combustion chamber design, outlining key considerations like minimal flame travel, sufficient turbulence, and high volumetric efficiency. It describes common chamber shapes like wedge, hemispherical, bowl-in-piston, and crescent. Fast combustion and low heat transfer are desired. Turbulence is important for decreasing burn time and allowing leaner mixtures. Swirl and tumble help induce turbulence.

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    21485309 Combustion Chamber Design

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    The document discusses combustion chamber design, outlining key considerations like minimal flame travel, sufficient turbulence, and high volumetric efficiency. It describes common chamber shapes like wedge, hemispherical, bowl-in-piston, and crescent. Fast combustion and low heat transfer are desired. Turbulence is important for decreasing burn time and allowing leaner mixtures. Swirl and tumble help induce turbulence.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    166 views32 pages

    Combustion Chamber Design

    Uploaded by

    Xenon Argon
    The document discusses combustion chamber design, outlining key considerations like minimal flame travel, sufficient turbulence, and high volumetric efficiency. It describes common chamber shapes like wedge, hemispherical, bowl-in-piston, and crescent. Fast combustion and low heat transfer are desired. Turbulence is important for decreasing burn time and allowing leaner mixtures. Swirl and tumble help induce turbulence.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 32

    Combustion Chamber Design

    Bradford Grimmel Nicholas Toro Ian Fulton

    Topics
    Combustion Chamber Defined Design Considerations Chamber Shapes Fast Combustion Volumetric Efficiency Heat Transfer
    Low Octane Requirement Knock Flow Inside A Cylinder Turbulence

    Combustion Chamber Defined


    The combustion chamber consists of an upper and lower half.
    Upper half- Made up of cylinder head and cylinder wall. Lower half- Made up of piston head (Crown) and piston rings.

    Design Considerations
    Minimal flame travel The exhaust valve and spark plug should be close together Sufficient turbulence

    Design Considerations
    A fast combustion, low variability High volumetric efficiency at WOT Minimum heat loss to combustion walls Low fuel octane requirement

    Chamber Shapes
    A basic shapes
    Wedge - Hemispherical - Bowl in Piston Crescent

    Chamber Shapes
    Wedge
    Asymmetric design Valves at an angle and off center

    Chamber Shapes
    Hemispherical (Hemi)
    Symmetric design Valves placed on a arc shaped head

    Chamber Shapes
    Bowl-in-Piston
    Symmetric design Valves are placed perpendicular to head

    Chamber Shapes
    Crescent (Pent-Roof)
    The valves are placed at an angle on flat surfaces of the head

    Fast Combustion
    Effect of spark plug location
    Side plug w/o swirl

    Side plug with normal swirl

    Side plug with high swirl

    Central plug w/o swirl

    Two plugs w/o swirl

    Fast Combustion in Relation to Shape

    Fast Combustion in Relation to Shape

    Comparison of Burn Angles

    Volumetric Efficiency
    Size of valve heads should be as large as possible Want swirl produced

    Heat Transfer
    Want minimum heat transfer to combustion chamber walls Open and hemispherical have least heat transfer Bowl-in-piston has high heat transfer

    Low Octane
    Octane Requirement related to knock Close chambers (bowl-in-piston) have higher knock at high compression ratios than Open chambers (hemispherical and pent-roof)

    Octane Rating
    Research Octane Number (RON) Motor Octane Number (MON) Octane is one factor in the combustion process that another group will speak about Straight chain C-H bonds such as heptane have weaker C-H bonds than branched chained C-H bonds in branch chained HC such as iso-octane Straight bonds are easier to break

    Chemical Compositions

    Knock
    Surface ignition
    Caused by mixture igniting as a result of contact with a hot surface, such as an exhaust valve

    Self-Ignition
    Occurs when temperature and pressure of unburned gas are high enough to cause spontaneous ignition

    Flow
    2 types of flow
    Laminar flow
    Minimal microscopic mixing of adjacent layers

    Turbulent flow
    Characterized as a random motion in threedimensions with vortices (eddies) of varying size superimposed on one another and randomly distributed in the flow

    Why Turbulence?
    Decrease burn time
    Reduces knock Reduces emissions (NOx)

    Allows for leaner mixture (stratified charge)


    Reduces emissions (HC)

    Decreases in combustion temperature


    Reduces knock Reduces emissions (CO) Reduces power

    Inducing Turbulence
    Valve configuration and valve timing Turbulence generation pot

    Characterizing Turbulence
    Eddies are defined by length scales The Integral Scale lI measures the largest eddies of the flow field The Kolmogorov scale lk measures the smallest eddies The Taylor microscale lm relates fluctuating strain rate of flow field to intensity

    Characterizing Turbulence

    Characterizing Turbulence
    Swirl
    Axis of rotation is parallel to cylinder Generate swirl about valve axis (inside port)

    Swirl
    Impulse Swirl Meter Honeycomb flow straightener measures total torque exerted by swirling flow. A swirling ratio is defined: Rs= s/2 N This ratio is the angular velocity, s, of a solidbody rotating flow (equal to angular momentum of actual flow) divided by the crankshaft angular rotational speed

    Swirl

    Characterizing Turbulence
    Tumble
    Axis of rotation is perpendicular to cylinder axis Associated with swirl

    Characterizing Turbulence
    Rt is the tumble ratio, Rt= t/2 N This ratio compares the angular velocity, t, of the solid-body rotation with same angular momentum as actual velocity distribution in tumble to angular velocity of the crankshaft (N)

    Squish
    Radially inward gas motion that occurs toward end of compression stroke

    Conclusion
    Optimum chamber
    Central spark plug location Minimum heat transfer Low octane requirement High turbulence

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