Ricardo Fernandes de Miranda: SAP R/3 by
Ricardo Fernandes de Miranda: SAP R/3 by
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SAP R/3 Tips/Tricks Page 2 of 15
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SAP R/3 Tips/Tricks Page 3 of 15
X Statistics extra
Unconditional mode when importing or exporting a request/transport
Run the command R3trans -u under user «SysID»adm.
Reapplying hot packages
If you accidently applied hot packages out of sequence for instance. Use the transaction SM31 to
modify table PAT03. You have to choose the desired patch and click on delete entry.
Main return codes of tp program
0 Successfully done
4 Warnings occurred
8 Errors occurred
12 Fatal errors occurred
16 Internal errors occurred
Scheduling of system maintenance jobs
RSBTCDEL Clean the old background job records
RSDBCREO Clean batch input session log
RSPO0041 Removing old spooling objects
RSSNAPDL Clean the old ABAP error dumps
List of most used SAP extensions and their components
CUST1 MENUS000+C01 Customer option in the Office menu
CUST2 MENUS000+C02 Customer option in the Logistics menu
CUST3 MENUS000+C03 Customer option in the Accounting menu
CUST4 MENUS000+C04 Customer option in the Human Resources menu
CUST5 MENUS000+C05 Customer option in the Information Systems menu
CUST6 MENUS000+C06 Customer option in the Tools menu
CUST7 MENUS000+C07 Customer option in the System menu
ZXUSRU01 Exit_saplsusf_001 At login time
SAPMF02D Exit_sapmf02d_001 When saving customer master data
SAPMF02K Exit_sapmf02k_001 When saving vendor master data
M61X0001 Exit_saplm61c_001 When processing MRP planning
M61X0001 Exit_sapmm61x_001 When processing MRP planning
FYTX0001 Exit_saplv61a_001 Modifications in pricing procedures
MBCF0002 Exit_sapmm07m_001 Checks for materials documents
SDVFX002 Exit_saplv60b_002 Link between SD and FI documents
M06B0003 Exit_sapmm06b_001 When saving MM documents
Before going live
It is highly advisable to increase the next extend´s size of some tables and their indexes even
before initial loadings
FI BKPF, BSEG, BSIS, BSAD, BSAK, BSID and BSIK
CO COEJ, COEP, COKS, COSS and T811*
AM ANL*
MM MKPF, MSEG and BSIM
SD VBAP, VBAK, VBEP, VBPA, LIKP, LIPS, VBRK, VBRP, VBKD,
VBUK, VBUP and VBSS
PP RESB and MDTB
Accross ATAB, TST03, TSP01, MCSI, KNVP, ACCTIT, COEP, APQD, RFBLG,
module CDCLS, SDBAD and from S000 to S999
Locking the whole system
Using the command tp locksys «SysID» only the user SAP* will be allowed to login. The
command tp unlocksys «SysID» cancels the lock.
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SAP R/3 Tips/Tricks Page 4 of 15
Connection between SAP R/3 and operating system
The command sapevt can be used to trigger an event from the operation system. Thus, a job
previously defined within R/3 will be released.
SQL code help
Run the command oerr ora «error number» under user ora«SysID».
Oracle import and export explanations
Run the command imp help=yes under user ora«SysID». This format can also be used with exp,
impst, and expst.
Note: Research based on version 3.0f under Unix, Oracle data base and Windows.
Of course it does not guarantee a successful implementation. It is a great deal of summed up aid, though.
Some special features allow you wide modifications without changing standard SAP R/3 objects. Those
techniques are not as widespread as they should be. In fact they are powerful tools.
Field exit
After entering a value in a field, it can be checked through a field exit. The system makes the field
value available to be checked and changed in an ABAP/4 function.
User exit
Points previously set in the system that let you evaluate data. The fields available are also
previously defined by SAP. All fields value available can be checked in an ABAP/4 program.
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SAP R/3 Tips/Tricks Page 5 of 15
Validation
It allows solid data entry regarding special rules. According to previous rules, the system can
evaluate an entry and a message can appear on the user's terminal if a check statement is not met.
A validation step contains prerequisite statement and check statement. Both of them are defined
using Boolean Logic or calling an ABAP/4 form.
Substitution
Fields contents can be changed using substitution. When data are being entered, the data can be
substituted by another value regarding rules previously defined. A substitution step contains
prerequisite statement, substitution value and substitution exit. All of them are defined using
Boolean Logic or calling an ABAP/4 form.
Set
Values or ranges of values are specified under a set name. Sets are easier to create and maintain
instead of using tables. They give you more flexibility when maintaining your system.
Key words
It allows changes on field description according to data element. The short key word used on most
screen to identify the corresponding field contents can be changed too.
Requirements & formulas
ABAP/4 forms that can be used to handle pricing procedures, rounding rules, copy and data
transport Sales activities.
Note: In spite of flexibility, you should think at least twice before applying any
enhancement.
Generally speaking, validation and substitution are available on Asset Management,
Controlling, Financial Accounting, and General ledger.
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SAP R/3 Tips/Tricks Page 6 of 15
As a matter of fact you are not the only one to notice it. It hardly works. Before using release strategy you
should apply all notes on OSS. Pray might be useful too.
Transport area is overloaded
The command tp clearold «SysID» cleans up the transport area according to parameters previously set on
the plain file TPPARAM.
Instance does not establish communication
Shutdown the whole system and check the Interprocess Communication Facilities. Any references should
be found. Either the command IPCS (UNIX) or showipc «INSTANCE NUMBER» (SAP) show all message
queue, semaphore set and shared memory identifier. Before trying again you have to remove them using
the command IPCRM (UNIX) or cleanipc «INSTANCE NUMBER» (SAP).
Note: Research based on version 3.0f under Unix, Oracle data base and Windows.
Simple changes can rise your system security. Usage of SAProuter is a good choice when correctly implemented.
Login through SAP LogonPad (from version 3.0f onwards) improve the access control. SAP profile parameters
shall also contain:
Rdisp/gui_auto_logout = 1800
The user connection is closed after 30 minutes without usage.
Login/fails_to_session_end = 3
After 3 wrong password the connection is automaticly closed.
Login/fails_to_users_lock = 5
After 5 wrong password the user is locked.
Login/min_password_lng = 6
Password length at least 6 characters.
Login/password_expiration_time = 90
Password expires after 3 months.
Note: I do not have to waste my time telling you to change all default passwords.
Make sure to have the master user SAP* in all clients otherwise anyone can log into your
system. See Tips & Tricks.
Indeed these powerful ABAP/4 functions are very interesting and can bring some advantages. Improve
your home development easily. They belong to standard objects and should never be changed.
Bp_event_raise
Trigger an event from ABAP/4 program.
Bp_joblog_read
Fetch job log executions filling the structure TBTC5.
G_set_get_all_values
Fetch values from a set filling the structure RGSB4.
Popup_to_confirm_loss_of_data
Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform a
processing step with loss of data.
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SAP R/3 Tips/Tricks Page 7 of 15
Popup_to_confirm_step
Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform the step.
Popup_to_confirm_with_message
Create a dialog box in which you inform the user about a specific decision point during an action.
Popup_to_confirm_with_value
Create a dialog box in which you make a question whether the user wishes to perform a
processing step with a particular object.
Popup_to_decide
Create a dialog box in which you require the user between the two processing alternatives, or to
cancel the action.
Popup_to_decide_with_message
Create a dialog box in which you inform the user about a specific decision point via a diagnosis
text.
Popup_to_display_text
Create a dialog box in which you display a two-line message.
Rfc_system_info
Fetch information from the current instance filling the structure FRCSI.
Rs_send_mail_for_spoollist
Send messages from ABAP/4 programs to SAPoffice. The structure SOLI may contain the
message.
Rzl_sleep
Hang the current application from 1 to 5 seconds.
Rzl_submit
Submit a remote report.
Sapgui_progress_indicator
Set progress indicator on the left lower corner of the current window.
Sd_print_terms_of_payment
Format terms of payment according to base line date and payment terms.
So_wind_spool_list
Browse printer spool numbers according to user informed.
So_spool_read
Fetch printer spool according to the spool number informed.
So_user_list_read
List of all users filling the structure SOUD3.
Spell_amount
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Note: These functions have been used and have worked as well as they were supposed to
do.
Information Technology has many key words and SAP R/3 has introduced many others. In order to understand
even better this field you should keep in mind those terms.
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Dispatcher
The system R/3 agent that identifies the type of task (on-line, update, batch, etc.) and sends the job to an
idle work process.
EarlyWatch
It is a service that entails having your R/3 installation regularly inspected by SAP employees, in other to
ensure high system availability and high data throughput at all time.
Ethernet
It is a LAN architecture using bus topology. The transmission speed is 10 MBit/s.
FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interchange)
It is a local high-speed network with ring topology based on light wave conductors. The transmission speed
is 100 MBit/s.
Field status
Indicator that specifies whether a field can take an entry in the entry screen or if it must be filled.
Firewall
It is a means of controlling access through a public network to a private network.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
It is the most commonly used file transmission protocol of the TCP/IP protocol family.
GUI (Graphic User Interface)
A graphical interface used by SAP environment as part of the three tiers. It is normally called user frontend.
IDES (International Demonstration and Education System)
It is a model of an international firm. It is a separate demonstration and education system for speeding up
the pilot process.
IMG (Implementation Management Guide)
It is a hierarchical structure that reflects the R/3 component hierarchy and contains every configuration
activity. Released from version 3.0 onwards.
Instance
It means application server and each one has its own set of work processes.
IDoc (Intermediate Document)
An IDoc is a data container for data exchange between SAP systems or between an SAP system and an
external system.
ITS (Internet Transaction Server)
It links the R/3 application server with one or more Web servers, thus enabling the R/3 to communicate
with the Internet.
Kernel
It means a standard core previously configured. A set of default parameters delivered with the system.
LAN (Local Area Network)
It is a network foa a tightly limited area with high level data transmission performance. Common LANs
include Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI. These LANs support different transport protocols, such as TCP/IP
and IPX.
Matchcode
A tool for finding specific record. It is made up of search terms. It is used to find possible entries for an
input field.
Number range
A range of numbers that are laid down per file for the assignment of document numbers. It can be internal
(carried out automatically by the system) or external (carried out manually by the user).
OLE
It is a technique introduced by Microsoft to incorporate objects of one application into another.
OSS (Online Service System)
SAP's Online Service System offers fast and effective help for R/3 System problems. It is also the basic
element of communications between customers, partners, and SAP.
Repair
It contains all the objects that a developer has changed but the originals of the objects are located in
another system.
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RFC
A way to implement communication between application programs via Abap/4 function call.
Semaphores
When a work process locks a resource, it sets a semaphore. Another work process that also wants to
access it must then wait.
SysID
A set of three letters or number that identify a system. Some sets are not allowed because they are used
by SAP. They are informed when the system is installed.
TCP/IP
It is the most widely used transport protocol for open systems. R/3 clients and servers communicate using
TCP/IP.
Telnet
It provides terminal access to hosts using TCP/IP protocol. It is a well-known command among Systems
Administrators.
Token Ring
It is a LAN architecture with ring topology. The transmission speed is 4 MBit/s or 16 MBit/s. This involves a
'free token' which circles the loop picking up transmissions. The receiver station places a confirmation bit
into the busy token. As soon as the busy token reaches the sender station again, it is converted back to a
free token and sent on to the next station.
Transport
It is a request to transport objects from the software development environment, identified as the source
system, to the specified target system.
WAN (Wide Area Networks)
They are normally operated either by the telephone company or by private companies that offer leased
lines, switched lines or packet lines.
Work process
Work processes perform the bulk of the processing carried out by SAP systems. They perform dialog steps
in user transactions and carry out updates, lock management, printing services, and so on.
Workbench
The ABAP/4 Workbench, a graphical programming environment, is used to create application programs.
The programming tools are accessed using buttons, dialogs and windows.
Workflow
It consists of time and logical sequence of work items, which are precessed by human agents or
mechanical processing units.
X.25
It is a standardized network access protocol for the packet switching network. The maximum transmission
speed is 64 KBit/s.
Many people say it cannot be considered only as a software but a way of doing business. Actually it
forces the company to review its business processes. As a result business processes can be changed or
not. If so, it means new designs based on built-in best pratices.
Graphical models help users understand the application software, showing how data flow through
business areas and how they interact with each other. A good example of how SAP R/3 is usually
implemented can be found at the simple flow chart presented below.
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Each business process has a segment previously set. It is known as business application areas and make
you understand better the whole system. They also provide you the level of SAP R/3 covering.
Even if you do not look forward to implementing a module, sometimes you have to set it partially. It
happens commonly due to the integrated nature of the system. Functionalities have been put together
establishing modules. The official division has the following configuration.
CA Cross-Application Functions
· Document Management System
· Classification System
· CAD Integration
· SAP Office
· Plant Data Collection
· General Task Functions
· Documentation Tools
· Distribution (ALE)
· Eletronic Data Interchange
· ArchiveLink
· Message Control
· Translations
FI Financial Accounting
· Global Settings
· General Ledger Accounting
· Accounts Receivable
· Accounts Payable
· Legal Consolidation
· Consolidation Preparation
· Asset Accounting
· Special Purpose Ledger
· Eletronic Bank Statment
· Financial Information System
TR Treasury
· Cash Management
· Cash Budget Management and Financial Budgeting
· Commitment Accounting
CO Controlling
· Controlling General
· Overhead Cost Controlling
· Product Cost Controlling
· Profitability Analysis
IM Investment Management
· Investment Programs
· Investment Orders
· Investment Projects
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EC Enterprise Controlling
· Profit Center Accounting
· Executive Information System
LO Logistics General
· Managing Material Master Data
· Business Partners
· Environment Data
· Variant Configuration
· Engineering Change Management
· Logistics Information System
SD Sales & Distribution
· Schedule Agreement Processing
· Availability Check and Requirements
· Pricing and Conditions
· Sales
· Shipping
· Transportation
· Foreign Trade
· Billing
· Sales Support
· Credit Management
· Information and Analysis
MM Materials Management
· Consumption-Based Planning
· Purchasing Guide
· Inventory Management
· Valuation and Account Assignment
· Invoice Verification
· Material Evaluation
· Warehouse Management
· Vendor Evaluation
· Material Ledger
QM Quality Management
· Quality Plannning
· Quality Inspection
· Quality Certificates
· Quality Notifications
PM Plant Maintenance
· Equipment and Technical Objects
· Preventive Maintenance
· Maintenance Order Management
· Maintenance History
PP Production Planning
· Bills of Material
· Demand Management
· Routings
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· Authorization Administration
· Computer Aided Test Tool
· Application Data Archiving and Reorganization
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