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Computer Graphics

Computer graphics deals with creating images using hardware, software, and applications. It began in the 1950s using devices like strip charts, pen plotters, and simple displays connected to computers. Wireframe graphics represented objects as lines. Raster graphics in the 1970s represented images as arrays of pixels in a frame buffer, allowing filled polygons. Specialized hardware and APIs like OpenGL accelerated graphics. Photorealism was achieved through techniques like texture mapping, blending, and accumulation buffers. Graphics processing units now power personal computers and gaming consoles.

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67 views13 pages

Computer Graphics

Computer graphics deals with creating images using hardware, software, and applications. It began in the 1950s using devices like strip charts, pen plotters, and simple displays connected to computers. Wireframe graphics represented objects as lines. Raster graphics in the 1970s represented images as arrays of pixels in a frame buffer, allowing filled polygons. Specialized hardware and APIs like OpenGL accelerated graphics. Photorealism was achieved through techniques like texture mapping, blending, and accumulation buffers. Graphics processing units now power personal computers and gaming consoles.

Uploaded by

Payal Tayal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics

Computer graphics deals with all aspects of creating images with a computer
Hardware Software Applications

Example
Where did this image come from?

What hardware/software did we need to produce it?

Preliminary Answer
Application: The object is an artists rendition of the sun for an animation to be shown in a domed environment (planetarium) Software: Maya for modeling and rendering but Maya is built on top of OpenGL Hardware: PC with graphics card for modeling and rendering

Basic Graphics System

Output device Input devices Image formed in FB

CRT

Can be used to display contents of frame buffer (raster mode)

Computer Graphics: 1950-1960


Computer graphics goes back to the earliest days of computing
Strip charts Pen plotters Simple displays using A/D converters to go from computer to calligraphic CRT

Cost of refresh for CRT too high


Computers slow, expensive, unreliable

Wireframe graphics
Draw only lines

Computer Graphics: 1960-1970 wireframe representation


of sun object

Display Processors

Computer Graphics: 1970-1980


Raster Graphics
Image produced as an array (the raster) of picture elements (pixels) in the frame buffer

Raster Graphics
Allows us to go from lines and wire frame images to filled polygons

Realism comes to computer graphics

Computer Graphics: 1980-1990

smooth shading

environment mapping

bump mapping

Computer Graphics: 1980-1990


Special purpose hardware
Silicon Graphics geometry engine
VLSI implementation of graphics pipeline

Networked graphics: X Window System Human-Computer Interface (HCI)

Computer Graphics: 1990-2000


OpenGL API Completely computer-generated featurelength movies (Toy Story) are successful New hardware capabilities
Texture mapping Blending Accumulation, stencil buffers

Computer Graphics: 2000Photorealism Graphics cards for PCs dominate market


Nvidia, ATI, 3DLabs

Game boxes and game players determine direction of market Computer graphics routine in movie industry: Maya, Lightwave Programmable pipelines

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