HTML
and
CSS
Tutorial
Basic
Introduction
to
get
you
started
1.
Use
an
editor/Integrated
Development
Environment
-
IDE
of
your
choice
for
this
tutorial,
otherwise
download
and
install
notepad++
from:
http://notepad-plus-plus.org/
2.
Create
a
folder
called
Activity
8
for
your
work,
followed
by
an
html
file
in
your
IDE
editor.
Give
the
HTML
file
an
appropriate
name.
3.
HTML
source
code
consists
of
elements;
an
element
in
HTML
is
a
loose
term
that
describes
each
individual
piece
of
your
web
page.
An
element
consists
of
three
basic
parts:
an
opening
tag,
the
element's
content,
and
finally,
a
closing
tag.
1. <p>
-
opening
paragraph
tag
2. Element
Content
-
paragraph
words
3. </p>
-
closing
tag
<html>
begins
and
ends
each
and
every
web
page.
Its
sole
purpose
is
to
encapsulate
all
the
HTML
code
and
describe
the
HTML
document
to
the
web
browser.
Hence
the
next
step
is
to
put
the
HTML
tags
in
your
HTML
file,
which
should
look
like
this:
<html>
</html>
If
you
generated
this
HTML
file
through
an
IDE-
(Integrated
development
environment
e.g
netbeans
or
eclipse)
then
these
tags
should
have
been
generated
for
you
among
a
few
others.
You
will
also
see
some
code
at
the
top
of
the
page
which
will
describe
some
extra
information
about
the
HTML
page,
although
this
information
is
important,
it
is
not
necessary
for
this
basic
tutorial,
however
if
you
want
to
research
this
further
then
look
at
this
as
a
starting
point
after
completing
this
tutorial:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Type_Definition
4.
The
next
two
important
elements
to
add
to
your
HTML
file
are
the
head
and
body
elements,
your
HTML
file
should
look
like
this
now:
<html> <head> </head> <body> </body> </html>
The
head
functions
"behind
the
scenes."
Tags
placed
within
the
head
element
are
not
directly
displayed
by
web
browsers.
Other
elements
(CSS)
will
eventually
be
introduced
and
you
will
have
to
place
them
within
your
head
element.
For
now,
your
head
element
will
continue
to
lay
empty
except
for
the
title
element
that
will
be
introduced
next.
The
<body>
element
is
where
all
content
is
placed.
(Paragraphs,
pictures,
tables,
etc).
For
now,
it
is
only
important
to
understand
that
the
body
element
will
encapsulate
all
of
your
webpage's
viewable
content.
4.
Place
the
<title>
tag
within
the
<head>
element
to
title
your
page.
The
words
you
write
between
the
opening
and
closing
<title></title>
tags
will
be
displayed
at
the
top
of
a
viewer's
browser.
Below
is
the
html
code:
<html> <head> <title>My Title</title> </head> <body> </body> </html>
5.
Lets
create
a
heading
using
the
h2
tag,
this
will
display
a
title
heading
for
our
main
page.
Heading
tags
range
from
h1
to
h6.
Experiment
with
different
ones
or
add
multiple
headings
to
code.
<html> <head> <title>My Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>My h1 Heading</h1> <h2>My h2 Heading</h2> </body> </html>
At
this
point
if
you
navigate
to
the
folder
youve
created
and
launch
your
HTML
file,
it
should
open
in
your
web
browser
by
default.
If
this
doesnt
happen
right
click
and
Open
With
a
web
browser
of
your
choice.
You
should
see
a
blank
page
with
your
title
and
headings
in
the
browser.
Play
around
and
experiment
with
the
different
heading
tags.
6.
An
example
of
break-line
tag
</br>.
To
tell
the
browser
we
want
to
place
a
line
break
(carriage
return)
onto
the
site,
it
is
not
necessary
to
type
<br>linebreak</br>.
Try
the
following
code
with
and
without
the
</br>
tags
and
see
the
difference
when
you
open
the
HTML
page
in
a
browser.
The
<p>
element,
is
simply
for
a
paragraph.
<html> <head> <title>My Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>My h1 Heading</h1> <h2>My h2 Heading</h2> <p> This is my first sentence.</br> This is my second sentence.</br> This is my third sentence.</br> </p> </body> </html>
You
should
be
able
to
see
changes
by
refreshing
the
page
in
your
browser,
just
make
sure
to
save
the
changes
before
refreshing
your
browser.
7.
Download
a
image
and
save
it
in
your
folder,
lets
try
adding
the
image
to
your
HTML
file.
<html> <head> <title>My Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>My h1 Heading</h1> <h2>My h2 Heading</h2> <p> This is my first sentence.</br> This is my second sentence.</br> This is my third sentence.</br> </p> <h2>My Image</h2> <img src="image.jpg" /> </body> </html>
8.
This
was
a
very
basic
introduction
to
HTML,
there
are
many
more
things
that
you
can
investigate,
I
recommend
looking
at
and
going
through:
http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp
The
next
step
is
to
introduce
CSS.
9.
Cascading
Style
Sheets
(CSS)
are
a
way
to
control
the
look
and
feel
of
your
HTML
documents
in
an
organized
and
efficient
manner.
With
CSS
you
will
be
able
to:
Add
new
looks
to
your
old
HTML
Completely
restyle
a
web
site
with
only
a
few
changes
to
your
CSS
code
Use
the
"style"
you
create
on
any
webpage
you
wish!
A
stylesheet
can,
and
should
be
completely
separate
from
your
HTML
documents.
When
you
have
mastered
CSS
and
HTML,
you
will
be
able
to
separate
your
web
site's
design
and
formatting
(CSS)
from
the
content
(HTML).
Now
create
2
new
files
in
your
editor
and
in
the
same
folder,
and
save
one
as
Spring.css,
and
the
other
as
Wobbly.css
Copy
the
code
over
from
the
following
two
links:
http://staffnet.kingston.ac.uk/~ku33185/ToolBox/spring.css
http://staffnet.kingston.ac.uk/~ku33185/ToolBox/wobbly.css
10.
Now
link
your
Spring.css
style
sheet
to
your
HTML
file:
<html> <head> <title>My Title</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="Spring.css" /> </head> <body> <h1>My h1 Heading</h1> <h2>My h2 Heading</h2> <p> This is my first sentence.</br> This is my second sentence.</br> This is my third sentence.</br> </p> <h2>My Image</h2> <img src="image.jpg" /> </body> </html>
Now
try
changing
the
href="Spring.css"
above
to
href="Wobbly.css"
and
reload
the
page
to
see
the
difference.
Now
if
you
look
at
the
code
in
the
Spring.css
style
sheet
you
can
see
that
it
is
describing
features
of
the
h1,
h2,
h3,
and
h4
tags,
as
well
as
the
body.
Features
such
as
font,
colour
centering.
This
was
a
very
brief
introduction,
now
go
look
at
CSS
tutorials
online,
such
as:
http://www.w3schools.com/css/default.asp
also
experiment
with
making
changes
to
the
style
sheet.
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>My
new
webpage</title>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css"
href="Spring.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My
new
heading
1</h1>
<h2>my
new
heading
2</h2>
<p>
this
is
my
first
sentence
</br>
this
is
my
second
sentence
</br>
this
is
my
third
sentence
</br>
</p>
<h2>mosdef</h2>
<img
src="mosdef.jpg"/>
<h3>jay
elctronica
video</h3>
<iframe
width="560"
height="315"
src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/dPO5L5mTM9o"
frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
</br>
</br>
<iframe
width="420"
height="315"
src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/qPRl0LzD_MA"
frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
<h4>Order
List</h4>
<ol>
<li>
hello
this
is
a
test</li>
<li>
hello
this
is
a
test</li>
<li>
hello
this
is
a
test</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>