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    XI Phy Ch12 Kinetic Theory Chapter Notes

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    Gokul Vijayan
    1. Kinetic theory relates the macroscopic properties of gases like pressure and temperature to the microscopic properties of gas molecules, such as speed and kinetic energy. 2. The pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas are related by PV=nRT, where R is the gas constant. Real gases only approximately follow this relationship at low pressures and high temperatures. 3. Kinetic theory gives the relationship between pressure and the number density, mass, and mean squared speed of gas molecules as P=1/3nmv^2.

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    XI Phy Ch12 Kinetic Theory Chapter Notes

    Uploaded by

    Gokul Vijayan
    1K views2 pages
    1. Kinetic theory relates the macroscopic properties of gases like pressure and temperature to the microscopic properties of gas molecules, such as speed and kinetic energy. 2. The pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas are related by PV=nRT, where R is the gas constant. Real gases only approximately follow this relationship at low pressures and high temperatures. 3. Kinetic theory gives the relationship between pressure and the number density, mass, and mean squared speed of gas molecules as P=1/3nmv^2.

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    1. Kinetic theory relates the macroscopic properties of gases like pressure and temperature to the microscopic properties of gas molecules, such as speed and kinetic energy. 2. The pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas are related by PV=nRT, where R is the gas constant. Real gases only approximately follow this relationship at low pressures and high temperatures. 3. Kinetic theory gives the relationship between pressure and the number density, mass, and mean squared speed of gas molecules as P=1/3nmv^2.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views2 pages

    XI Phy Ch12 Kinetic Theory Chapter Notes

    Uploaded by

    Gokul Vijayan
    1. Kinetic theory relates the macroscopic properties of gases like pressure and temperature to the microscopic properties of gas molecules, such as speed and kinetic energy. 2. The pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas are related by PV=nRT, where R is the gas constant. Real gases only approximately follow this relationship at low pressures and high temperatures. 3. Kinetic theory gives the relationship between pressure and the number density, mass, and mean squared speed of gas molecules as P=1/3nmv^2.

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    Class XI: Physics Chapter 13: Kinetic Theory Key Learning: 1. Kinetic theory of gases relates the macroscopic properties of gases like pressure, temperature etc. to the microscopic properties of its gas molecules example speed, kinetic energy etc. 2. 3. 4. Ideal gas is one for which the pressure p, volume V and temperature T are related by pV = nRT where R is called the gas constant. Real gases satisfy the ideal gas equations only approximately, more so at low pressures and high temperatures. Kinetic theory of an ideal gas gives the relation

    1 n mv2 3

    Where n is number density of molecules, m the mass of the molecule and v2 is the mean of squared speed. 5. The temperature of a gas is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules, independent of the nature of the gas or molecule. In a mixture of gases at a fixed temperature the heavier molecule has the lower average speed. 6. 7. 8. 9. The pressure exerted by n moles of an ideal gas, in terms of the speed of its molecules is P = 1/3nm vrms2. The average kinetic energy of a molecule is proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. Degrees of freedom of a gas molecule are independent ways in which the molecule can store energy. Law of equipartition of energy states that every degree of freedom of a molecule has associated with it, on average, an internal energy of ()kT per molecule.

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    2
    10. 11. 12. Monoatomic gases only have three translational degrees of freedom. Diatomic gases in general have three translational, two rotational and two vibrational degrees of freedom. The molar specific heat at constant volume Cv can be written as (f/2)R where f is the number of degrees of freedom of the ideal gas molecule. Top Formulae: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Boyles law, PV = constant. Charles law, V/T = a constant Gaylussacs law, P/T = a constant, Gas equation, PV = RT, where is the no. of moles of the given gas. Pressure exerted by gas, P

    1M 2 1 2 C C 3V 3 1 3 mC2 kT 2 2

    Mean K.E. of translation per molecule of a gas Mean K.E. of translation per mole of gas

    1 3 3 MC2 RT NkT , 2 2 2

    n Total K.E. per mole of gas= RT, where n is number of degrees of 2 freedom of each molecule.
    Crms
    2 2 2 C1 C2 ... Cn n

    9.

    10.

    Effect of temperature:

    C2 C1
    2

    T2 T1
    1 2d2n where n = number of molecules

    11.

    Mean free path,

    kB T

    2d p

    per unit volume of the gas. 12. Collision frequency = /

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