2004, QA1 Find the Laplace transform for each of the following functions:

i ) f ( t ) = 4 + 3t 2 4 6 L ( f ) = F (s) = + 3 s s
ii ) f ( t ) = 3sin t + 5cos 2t 3 5s + 2 L ( f ) = F (s) = 2 2 s +1 s + 2

iii ) f ( t ) = te

4t

First Shifting Theorem If L (f) = F(s) then L ( eat f(t) ) = F( s a )

1 L (t ) = 2 s d L ( t f ) = F ( s ) ds 1 L (e ) = s4
4t

L ( te

4t

)=

( s 4)

d 1 1 L ( te ) = ( s 4 ) = 2 ds ( s 4)
4t

iv)

f (t ) = e

2 t

sin 5t

First Shifting Theorem If L (f) = F(s) then L ( eat f(t) ) = F( s a )

5 L ( sin 5t ) = 2 2 s +5

L (e

2 t

sin 5t ) =

( s + 2)

+5

5 = 2 s + 4 s + 29

2004, QA2 Evaluate each of the following inverse Laplace transforms: 4 3 2 3 1 4 2 t 2 t 1 i) L 4 =e t =e t 6 3 s+2 s

ii ) L

s 3 + 2 =L 2 s + 4 s 9

s 3 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 s + 2 s 3

3 = sin 2t + cosh 3t 2

 s 2 2s + 3 1 iii ) L 3 ( s 2) Use partial fractions 2 s 2s + 3 A B C = + + 3 2 3 ( s 2) ( s 2) ( s 2) ( s 2)

Set s = 2 4 4 + 3 = C C = 3 2 s terms 1 = A constant terms 3 = 4 A 2 B + C

3 = 4 2B + 3

2B = 4

B = 2

 s 2 2s + 3 1 =L L 3 ( s 2)

1 2 3 + + 2 3 ( s 2) ( s 2) ( s 2) 3 2 2t 2t 2t = e + 2te + t e 2
1

2 3e 4 s 1 iv) L + 2 = 2 + 3(t 4) H (t 4) s s

2004, QA3 Use Laplace transforms to solve the following differential equation: d2y dy 6 + 8 y = e3t y (0) = 0 y(0) = 0 dt 2 dt
d2y dy 1 3t 2 L 2 6 + 8 y = e = s L ( y ) 6 sL ( y ) + 8L ( y ) = dt s 3 dt

1 ( s 6s + 8) L ( y ) = s 3 1 L ( y) = ( s 3)( s 2 )( s 4 )
2

Use partial fractions

1 A B C = + + ( s 3)( s 2 )( s 4 ) ( s 3) ( s 2 ) ( s 4 ) 1 = A ( s 2 )( s 4 ) + B ( s 3)( s 4 ) + C ( s 3)( s 2 )

Set s = 2 Set s = 3

1 = 2B 1= A

1 B = 2 A = 1

1 Set s = 4 1 = 2C C = 2 1 1 1 1 = + + ( s 3)( s 2 )( s 4 ) ( s 3) 2 ( s 2 ) 2 ( s 4 )

 1 1 1 + + y (t ) = L ( s 3) 2 ( s 2 ) 2 ( s 4 ) 1 2t 1 4t 3t = e + e + e 2 2
1

2005, QB1 a) Evaluate the following

i ) L t e + t sin(4t ) = 4 ( s 2)
3 2t

3! 6

d 4 2 2 ds s + 4 +

( s 2)

(s

8s
2

+4

2 2

ii ) L e t cos ( 2t ) + 3sin
t

2t

)}

s L cos ( 2t ) = 2 s + 22 1 d 2 2s 2 1 2 = s(s + 2 ) L t cos ( 2t ) = 2 2 ( s 2 + 22 ) s + 22 ds L e t cos ( 2t ) =

2 ( s + 1)
2

2 2

( s + 1) + 22 1

( s + 1)

+ 22

3 2 F (s) = + 2 2 2 2 ( s + 1)2 + 22 ( s + 1) + 2 s + 2

2 ( s + 1)

iii ) L

1 2 s 2s + 9
1

1 2 =L s 2s + 9

1 s 2 2s + 1 + 8

1 1 =L 2 ( s 1) + 8 =e sin t

8t 8

b) Use partial fractions to evaluate

4 1 L 2 s ( s + 4)

4 = A ( s + 4 ) + ( Bs + C ) s
2

4 A Bs + C = + 2 s ( s2 + 4) s s + 4 A =1 C =0 0 = A+ B

Set s = 0 s terms s terms

B = 1

 4 1 L =L 2 s ( s + 4)

s 1 2 = t cos ( 2t ) s s +4

2005, QB2 a) Evaluate the following inverse Laplace

2e 3 s 3e s transform: L 1 3 + 2 s +9 s = ( t 3) H ( t 3) + sin 3 ( t 1) H ( t 1)
2

 f (t ) = 5 0 < t 3 b) For the function , = 2t + 1 t > 3 Sketch the graph of the function and find its Laplace transform.

 f (t ) = 5 = 2t + 1

0 < t 3 t >3

f ( t ) = 5 H ( t ) + 2 ( t 3) H (t 3) + 2 H (t 3)

{ f ( 3) = 5

f ( 4) = 9

f ( 5 ) = 11}

5 2e 3 s 2e 3 s F (s) = + 2 + s s s

2005, QB3 Use Laplace transforms to solve the following differential equation: d 2x dx + 2 + 5 x = 0 x(0) = 1 x(0) = 1 2 dt dt s 2 L ( x ) s 1 + 2 sL ( x ) 1 + 5L ( x ) = 0

(s

+ 2s + 5) L ( x ) = s + 3

s+3 L ( x) = 2 s + 2s + 5

3 s+3 s = 2 + 2 L ( x) = 2 s + 2s + 5 s + 2s + 1 + 4 s + 2s + 1 + 4 ( s + 1) + 2 = 2 2 2 2 ( s + 1) + 2 ( s + 1) + 2 x ( t ) = e cos ( 2t ) + sin ( 2t )

2006, Q2 a) (i) Determine the Laplace Transform of

f ( t ) = ( t 1) e
2 2

3t

2 1 L ( t 1) = 3 s s 1 L ( t 1) e = 3 s+3 ( ) ( s + 3)
2

3t

(ii) Find the function f(t) given that s 2 + 2 s 33 L ( f )= 2 ( s + 9) ( s + 4) Use partial fractions s 2 + 2 s 33 As + B C = 2 + 2 ( s + 9) ( s + 4) ( s + 9) ( s + 4)
2

s + 2 s 33 = ( As + B )( s + 4 ) + C ( s + 9 )
2

Set s = 4 s terms
2

16 8 33 = 25C 1= A+C A= 2 33 = 4 B + 9C

C = 1 B = 6

constant terms

2s 6 1 s 2 + 2 s 33 = 2 L ( f )= 2 ( s + 9) ( s + 4) ( s + 9) ( s + 4) 2s 23 1 = 2 2 ( s + 9) ( s + 9) ( s + 4) f ( t ) = 2cos ( 3t ) 2sin ( 3t ) e 4t

2006, QB3 Solve the following differential equation by applying Laplace Transforms 2 dY dY + Y = t subject to Y ( 0 ) = 1 and ( 0 ) = 2 2 dt dt 1 2 s L (Y ) s + 2 + L (Y ) = 2 s 3 2 1 1 + s 2s 2 ( s + 1) L (Y ) = s 2 + s 2 = s 2 1 + s3 2s 2 L (Y ) = 2 2 s ( s + 1) Use partial fractions

1 + s 3 2 s 2 = As ( s 2 + 1) + B ( s 2 + 1) + ( Cs + D ) s 2 constant terms s terms s 2 terms s 3 terms 1= B 0= A 2= B+D 1= A+C D = 3 C = 1

A B Cs + D 1 + s 2s = + 2+ 2 L (Y ) = 2 2 s s s +1 s ( s + 1)
3 2

1 + s3 2s 2 1 s 3 1 s 3 L (Y ) = 2 2 = 2+ 2 = 2+ 2 2 s +1 s s +1 s +1 s ( s + 1) s

1 s 3 L (Y ) = 2 + 2 2 s s +1 s +1 Y ( t ) = t + cos ( t ) 3sin ( t )

2007, Q1 (b) Evaluate the following

(i ) L t sin ( 2t ) + e t
t

2 1 L sin ( 2t ) + e = 2 s + 22 + s + 1 d 2 1 t 2 1 2 ( s + 2 ) + ( s + 1) L t sin ( 2t ) + e = ds

= 2( s + 2
2

2 2

2s + ( s + 1) 1
2

(s

4s
2

+2

2 2

) ( s + 1)

(ii ) L e 3t ( t 2 + 4 ) 2 4 L (t + 4) = 3 + s s
2

L e

3t

4 ( t + 4 ) = s + 3 3 + ( s + 3) ( )
2

2007, QB1 Use Laplace transforms to solve the following differential equation:
d 2x dx dx + 2 + x = 1, such that x = 3 and = 1 when t = 0 2 dt dt dt

d 2x dx L 2 + 2 + x = 1 dt dt 1 s L ( x ) 3s + 1 + 2 sL ( x ) 3 + L ( x ) = s 1 1 + 3s 2 + 5 s s 2 + 2 s + 1) L ( x ) = + 3s + 5 = ( s s
2

L ( x) =
2

3s + 5 s + 1
2

s ( s + 1)

A B C = + + 2 s s + 1 ( s + 1)
2

3s + 5s + 1 = A ( s + 1) + Bs ( s + 1) + Cs

Set s = 0 Set s = 1 s terms

1= A 3 5 + 1 = C 3= A+ B

C = 1 B = 2

1 2 1 + L ( x) = + 2 s s + 1 ( s + 1)

1 2 1 + L ( x) = + 2 s s + 1 ( s + 1) x ( t ) = 1 + 2e + te
t t

2008, QA2 (a) Find the Laplace transforms of the following functions

(i ) f ( t ) = sin ( t ) e 2t 1 L ( sin t ) = 2 s +1
L sin ( t ) e =
2t

( s 2)

+1

( ii )

f ( t ) = t sinh t
2s d 1 L ( t sinh t ) = 2 = 2 2 ds s 1 ( s 1)

(b) Find the functions whose Laplace transforms are:

(i )

2 3 s F (s) = 3 e s f ( t ) = ( t 3) H ( t 3)
2

( ii )

1 1 F (s) = 1+ + 2 s s f (t ) = (t ) + 1 + t

2008, QB1 Use Laplace transforms to solve the following differential equation:
d 2x dx dx 3t + 3 + 2 x = e such that x ( 0 ) = 1 and 2 dt dt dt
2

= 1
x =0

1 s L ( x ) s + 1 + 3 sL ( x ) 1 + 2L ( x ) = s 3

1 + ( s + 2 )( s 3) 1 ( s + 3s + 2 ) L ( x ) = s 3 + s + 2 = s 3
2

s2 s 5 L ( x) = ( s 3)( s + 2 )( s + 1) s2 s 5 A B C = + + ( s 3)( s + 2 )( s + 1) ( s 3) ( s + 2 ) ( s + 1)
s2 s 5 = A ( s + 2 )( s + 1) + B ( s 3)( s + 1) + C ( s 3)( s + 2 )

s s 5 =
2

A ( s + 2 )( s + 1) + B ( s 3)( s + 1) + C ( s 3)( s + 2 )

Set s = 1 Set s = 2 Set s = 3

1 + 1 5 = C ( 4 ) 4 + 2 5 = B ( 5 )( 1) 9 3 5 = A ( 5 )( 4 )

3 C = 4 1 B = 5 1 A= 20

1 1 3 + + L ( x) = 20 ( s 3) 5 ( s + 2 ) 4 ( s + 1)

1 1 3 L ( x) = + + 20 ( s 3) 5 ( s + 2 ) 4 ( s + 1) 3e e e + + x (t ) = 20 5 4
3t

2 t

2009, QA2 (a) Find the Laplace transforms of the following functions 4 3t (1) f ( t ) = t e

4! L (t ) = 5 s
4

L (t e

4 3t

)=

24

( s 3)

( 2)

f ( t ) = te

L ( te ) =
t

( s 1)

(b) Find the functions whose Laplace transforms are 2 s+4 s = 2 +2 2 (1) F ( s ) = 2 2 2 s +2 s +2 s +4

f ( t ) = cos ( 2t ) + 2sin ( 2t )

( 2)

5 5 = F (s) = 2 ( s 7 )( s + 3) s 4 s 21

A B = + ( s 7 )( s + 3) ( s 7 ) ( s + 3) 5 = A ( s + 3) + B ( s 7 )

1 Set s = 3 5 = 10 B B = 2 1 Set s = 7 5 = 10 A A= 2 1 1 F (s) = 2 ( s 7 ) 2 ( s + 3) e e f (t ) = 2 2

3t

2009, QB1 Use Laplace transforms to solve the following differential equation: 2 d x dx dx t -t + + x = 3e +e such that x ( 0 ) = 2 and =0 2 dt dt dt x=0

3 1 s L ( x ) 2 s + sL ( x ) 2 + L ( x ) = + s 1 s +1 3 1 2 ( s + s + 1) L ( x ) = s 1 + s + 1 + 2s + 2
2

1 1 3 L ( x) = 2 + + 2s + 2 ( s + s + 1) s 1 s + 1

3 As + B C = 2 + s 2 + s + 1) ( s 1) ( s + s + 1) ( s 1) ( 3 = ( As + B )( s 1) + C ( s + s + 1)
2

Set s = 1 Set s = 0 s 2 terms

3 = 3C 3 = B + C 0 = A+C

C = 1 B = 2 A = 1

3 s 2 1 = 2 + 2 ( s + s + 1) ( s 1) ( s + s + 1) ( s 1)

1 As + B C = 2 + 2 ( s + s + 1) ( s + 1) ( s + s + 1) ( s + 1) 1 = ( As + B )( s + 1) + C ( s + s + 1)
2

Set s = 1 Set s = 0 s 2 terms

1= C 1= B +C 0 = A+C

B = 0 A = 1

s 1 1 = 2 + s 2 + s + 1) ( s + 1) ( s + s + 1) ( s + 1) (

s 2 s 1 1 + 2 + L ( x) = 2 ( s + s + 1) ( s 1) ( s + s + 1) ( s + 1) 2s + 2 + 2 ( s + s + 1) 1 1 L ( x) = + ( s 1) ( s + 1) x ( t ) = e + e = 2cosh ( t )
t t