File Management in C

(Topic 7: Files GTU Syllabus 2009)

Chaudhari Technical Institute MCA (506) Gandhinagar

Created By: Vinod Pillai. [email protected] http://vinodthebest.wordpress.com

File Management
We have been using the functions such as printf and scanf to read and write data. This works fine as long as data is small. But it has two major problems:
It becomes cumbersome and time consuming to handle large volume of data through terminals. The entire data is lost when either the program is terminated or the computer is turned off.
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File Management
So it is necessary to have more flexible approach where data can be stored on the disks and read whenever necessary, without destroying data. This concept is called files. Files: A file is a place on the disk where a group of related data is stored.
FILE is a structure declared in stdio.h . We have to use file pointer, a pointer variable that points to a structure FILE.
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C File Management
C supports a number o functions that have the ability to perform basic file operations:
Creating a file Opening a file Reading data from a file Writing data to a file Closing a file Renaming a file Deleting a file
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Using Files in C
Declaration of File Pointer
FILE *fp; FILE *fp1; Opening a File

Checking the result of fopen() if(fp == NULL) { printf(Cant open); exit(1); }

fp=fopen(one.txt,r);

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Using Files in C
Closing Files
fclose(fp);

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File Opening Modes

r= w= a= Open file for Reading Create file for Writing Append text file r+ = w+ = a+ = rb = wb= ab = Open binary file for Reading Create binary file for Writing Append binary file Open file for read/write Create file for read/write Append text file for read/write

r+b = Open binary file for read/write w+b= Create binary file for read/write a+b= Append binary file for read/write
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Working with Text files

Four functions for read files from the disk:
fscanf()

Four functions for write files into the disk:

fprintf()

fgets()
fgetc() fread()

fputs()
fputc() fwrite()
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Write Character to a file

Char name[30]; int i=0; FILE *fp; fp=fopen(one.txt,w);
Printf(Enter Name:); Scanf(%*^\n+,name);

While(name*i+!=\0) { putc(name[i],fp); i++; }

fclose(fp);

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Reading Character from file

int ch; //IMP While(ch!=EOF) { putchar(ch); //IMP ch=getc(fp); }
fclose(fp);

FILE *fp; fp=fopen(one.txt,r); ch=getc(fp);

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Programs
Example 4 : Count the number of characters and number of lines.
Example 6: Compare two files.

int ch1,ch2; FILE *fp1,*fp2; fp1=fopen(one.txt,r); fp2=fopen(two.txt,r);

ch1=getc(fp1); ch2=getc(fp2);

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Programs
while(ch1!=EOF && ch2!=EOF && ch1==ch2) { ch1=getc(fp1); ch2=getc(fp2); }
if(ch1 == ch2) { printf(Same); } else if(ch1 != ch2) { printf(Not Same); } fclose(fp1); fclose(fp2);
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Programs
Example 7: Copy one file to another. fprintf() : Writing to a file
fscanf() : Reading content from file

FILE *fp1;
fp1=fopen(one.txt,w);

fprintf(fp1,%s, Hello); fprintf(fp1,%d,10); fclose(fp1);

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Programs
FILE *fp1; char name[30]; int value;
fp1=fopen(one.txt,r); fscanf(fp1,%s, name); fscanf(fp1,%d,value); fclose(fp1);

Example 13: feof(). char value[30];

FILE *fp; fp=fopen(one.txt,r); while(!feof(fp)) { fgets(value,30,fp); } fclose(fp);
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Binary Files
FILE *fp1,*fp2; fp1=fopen(one.txt,rb); fp2=fopen(two.txt,wb);
int ch;
if(!feof(fp1)) { fputc(ch,fp2); } else { break; }
}

While(1) { ch=fgetc(fp1);

fclose(fp1); fclose(fp2);
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Direct File Input & Output

fread() fwrite() feof() End of file ferror() - Error has occurred. fread() & fwrite() = To read and write block of data. ===================== void main() { FILE *fp1; int i, arr1[10], arr2[10];

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Direct File Input & Output

for(i=0;i<10;i++) { arr1[i]=i * 2; }
fp1=fopen(one.txt,wb);
fclose(fp1);
fread(arr2,sizeof(int),10,fp) fclose(fp1);

for(i=0;i<10;i++) { printf(%d,arr2*i]); fwrite(arr,sizeof(int),10,fp1) }

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IMP Programs
Example 16.
Example 17.

(fprintf & fscanf)

(fread & fwrite)

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Storing Structure in File

Struct item { int code; double price; };
Void main() {

struct item t1,t2; File *fp; fp=fopen(one.txt,wb);

t1.code=10; t1.price=10.56; fwrite(&t1,sizeof(t1),1,fp); fclose(fp);
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Storing Structure in File

fp=fopen(one.txt,rb);
Fread(&t2,sizeof(t2),1,fp);

fclose(fp);

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Random Access of Files

fseek() = To Jump to particular Location in a File
ftell() = Current Location in a File

rewind() = Back to First Location in a File

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Random Access of Files (fseek())

int fseek(FILE *FP, long offset, int orgin);
fp

0 = Successfully
Starting Point:

Non-Zero = Error
SEEK_SET ( 0 Beginning File)

SEEK_CUR (1- Current File)

Distance position indicator to move in bytes

SEEK_END (2 End of file)

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Rewind() & ftell()

Void rewind(fp); Long ftell(fp); value=ftell(fp);

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Renaming & Deleting File

Deleting a File:
int remove(filename);

Renaming a File:
int rename(old_name,new _name);

0 = Success 1 = Failure

0 = Success 1 = Failure

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References
Programming in ANSI C Edition 2.1 by E Balagurusamy.
Programming in C by Paradip Dey & Manas Ghosh.

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