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Examples About Matrix Multiplication

The document discusses matrix multiplication. It provides examples of multiplying two matrices A and B together to get the product matrix AB. It shows how each element of AB is calculated by taking the dot product of a row of A and a column of B. It also discusses properties of matrix multiplication like order of operations and distributing multiplication over addition.

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sampathousl
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139 views

Examples About Matrix Multiplication

The document discusses matrix multiplication. It provides examples of multiplying two matrices A and B together to get the product matrix AB. It shows how each element of AB is calculated by taking the dot product of a row of A and a column of B. It also discusses properties of matrix multiplication like order of operations and distributing multiplication over addition.

Uploaded by

sampathousl
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrix multiplication

0 1
A =
1 2

2 3

(1)

0
AB =
1

1
2
3

2
3

1 2

B =
1 0

2 1

2
3

1
1

2
0

First you have to decide the number of rows and columns in the output matrix.

A Matrix
3 x 3

B Matrix
3 x 2

3x2
matrix

Should be same. Otherwise U


cannot multiply such matrices

a11
AB =
a21

a31

a12
a22

a32

a11 = Take 1st row of matrix A and 1st column of Matrix B.


0

1
1

a11 = (01) + (11) + (22) = 0 + 1 + 4 =5

a12 = Take 1st row of matrix A and 2nd column of Matrix B.


2
0

1
0

a12 = (02) + (11) + (20) = 0 + 1 + 0 =1

a21 = Take 2nd row of matrix A and 1st column of Matrix B.


1
1

a21 = (11) + (21) + (32) =1 + 2 + 6 = 9

1
2

a22 = Take 2nd row of matrix A and 2nd column of Matrix B.


a22 = (12) + ( 20) + (31) =2 + 0 +3 =5

a31 = Take 3rd row of matrix A and 1st column of Matrix B.


a31 = (21) + (31) + ( 42) =2 +3 + 8 =13

a32 = Take 3rd row of matrix A and 2nd column of Matrix B.


a32 = (22) + (30) + ( 41) = 4 +0 + 4 =8

5
AB =
9

13

(2)

1
A=
2

2
3
1

3
1

1
5

1 0 2

B =
0 1 2

1 2 0

(1 1) + ( 2 0) + (3 1) 4
(1 0) + ( 21) + (3 2) 4
(1 2) + ( 22) + (30) 2
1
AB =
2

2
3
1

1
0

0
1
2

2
2

[ ( 1 1) + ( 2 0) + ( 3 1) ]
AB = [ ( 2 1) + ( 3 0) + ( 1 1) ]
[ ( 3 1) + ( 1 0) + ( 2 1) ]
4
=
1

(3) If

4
1
5

[ ( 1 0) + ( 2 1) + ( 3 2) ] [ ( 1 2) + ( 2 2) + ( 3 0) ]
[ ( 2 0) + ( 3 1) + ( 1 2) ] [ ( 2 2) + ( 3 2) + ( 1 0) ]
[ ( 3 0) + ( 1 1) + ( 2 2) ] [ ( 3 2) + ( 1 2) + ( 2 0) ] 33

2
10

4
33

1 2
A=

2 3

2 1
B =

2 3

and

3 1
C =

2 0

then

Verify that (AB)C = A(BC) and A(B+C) = AB + AC


11 + 23 6 7
1 22 1 1 2 + 2 2
AB =
2 3 = 2 2 + 3 2 21 + 33 = 2 7

2
3

2 13 1 2 3 +12 21 +10 4 2
BC =

=
=

2 3 2 0 2 3 +32 21 +30 0 2

1
1 23 1 1
AC =
=

2 3 2 0 12 2
2 1 3 1 2 + 3 1 + 1 1 2
B +C =
+
=
=

2 3 2 0 2 + 2 3 + 0 4 3

(i) (AB)C =
A(BC) =

6 7 3 1 4 6
2 7 2 0 = 8 2

1 2 4 2 4 6
2 3 0 2 = 8 2

(ii) A(B+C) =
AB+AC =

1 2 1 2 7 8
2 3 4 3 = 14 5

1 7 8
6 7 1
2 7 + 12 2 = 14 5

Now try Ur self.

(AB)C =
A(BC)

A(B+C)
=AB+AC

Q1.

Compute AB, if

1 2 3
A=

4 5 6

Q2.

1 3 0

A=
1 2 1

0 0 2

2 3 4

, B = 1 2 3

1 1 2

Q3.

0
A =
0

0
0

(i)
(ii)

Q4.

Q5.

0
0

1, B =
1

and

2 5
B =
3 6

4 7

3
4
.
5

Ans:

20 38 26
47 92 62

From the product AB and BA show that AB BA.

0
0

0
0
1

Calculate AB and BA. Hence evaluate A2B+B2A.


Show that for any number k, (A+kB2)3 = kI, where I is the unit matrix.
3

If f(x) = x -20x + 8 find f(A) where

Verify whether the matrix

A=

2
1
2
3

1
1

A= 1
3

2 1
1 2

2 2

3
3

Ans : 0

is orthogonal.

(i.e. AAT = I )
Show that

cos

sin sin

cos sin

Q7.

Show that

cos
0

sin

Q8.

1 2
A=
2 0

0 1

1
3

3 and B =
0

2
4

Q6.

sin

0
cos
sin

sin
1
0

0 cos

sin cos

cos cos

is an orthogonal matrix.

is an orthogonal matrix.

- 1 1
0 2

- 3 2

Verify the result ( A + B) 2 = A2 + AB + BA + B2 .

Reference: Advanced Engineering Mathematics by H.K. Dass S.Chand publication,


ISBN 81-219-0345-9

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