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Class 13 - Mathematical Modeling of Thermal System

This document provides an overview of modeling thermal systems. It describes a simple thermal system consisting of a tank of liquid with an inflow, outflow, and heater. Key assumptions are that the liquid is perfectly mixed and the tank is insulated. The system can be characterized by its thermal resistance (R), defined as 1/QCs, and thermal capacitance (C), defined as MCs. Applying these concepts yields a transfer function relating changes in temperature (Δθ) to changes in heat input (ΔH) of Δθ(s) = (R/(1+RCs))ΔH(s).

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8K views15 pages

Class 13 - Mathematical Modeling of Thermal System

This document provides an overview of modeling thermal systems. It describes a simple thermal system consisting of a tank of liquid with an inflow, outflow, and heater. Key assumptions are that the liquid is perfectly mixed and the tank is insulated. The system can be characterized by its thermal resistance (R), defined as 1/QCs, and thermal capacitance (C), defined as MCs. Applying these concepts yields a transfer function relating changes in temperature (Δθ) to changes in heat input (ΔH) of Δθ(s) = (R/(1+RCs))ΔH(s).

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Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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System Modeling Coursework

Class 13: Modeling of Thermal systems

P.R. VENKATESWARAN
Faculty, Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal
Karnataka 576 104 INDIA
Ph: 0820 2925154, 2925152
Fax: 0820 2571071
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Web address: http://www.esnips.com/web/SystemModelingClassNotes
WARNING!

• I claim no originality in all these notes. These are the


compilation from various sources for the purpose of
delivering lectures. I humbly acknowledge the wonderful
help provided by the original sources in this compilation.
• For best results, it is always suggested you read the source
material.
• Of late, this has becoming supplement to what is taught in
the class. So BEWARE! You are on two tracks!

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 2


Contents

• Description of a Thermal system


• Model of the Thermal system

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 3


Introduction

• Thermal systems are those that involve the transfer


of heat from one substance to another.
• Thermal system may be analyzed in terms of
thermal resistance and thermal capacitance although
they may not be represented as lumped parameters.
• But by making some assumptions, they can be
represented as distributed parameters, which make
the analysis simple.

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 4


A Thermal System

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Assumptions for the system

• Fluid in the tank is perfectly mixed so that it is at


uniform temperature
• The tank is insulated to eliminate heat loss to the
surrounding air.
• There is no heat storage in the insulation.

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 6


Definitions for variables of the system

• θi = Steady state temperature of inflowing liquid,


• θ = Steady state temperature of out-flowing liquid,
• H = Steady state heat input rate from heater.

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 7


What happens when you move from steady state?

• Let ∆H be a small change in the heat input rate


from its steady state value. This change in H will
result in the following changes.
– Change in heat output rate by an amount ∆H1.
– Change in heat storage rate of liquid in the tank by an
amount ∆H2.
– Change in temperature of out-flowing liquid by an
amount ∆θ.

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 8


Thermal Resistance

• Change in outflow heat rate is given by


∆H1 = Q Cs ∆θ
• Where
Q = Steady state liquid flow rate
Cs = Specific heat of liquid
• ∆H1 = ∆θ/R
– If R = 1/QCs which is defined as the Thermal
Resistance

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 9


Thermal Capacitance

• Change in heat storage rate is given by


∆H2 = MCs d∆θ/dt
• Where
– M = mass of the liquid in the tank
– ∆dθ/dt = rate of rise of temperature in the tank
• ∆H2 = C d∆θ/dt
– Where C = MCs which is defined as Thermal
Capacitance.

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 10


Transfer function for the system

∆H= ∆H1 + ∆H2


• The mathematical model of a thermal system shown
in figure is
Δθ d Δθ
ΔH= +C
R dt
• Applying Laplace transform
Δθ ( s )
ΔH(s)= + CsΔθ ( s )
R
⎡1 ⎤
= ⎢ + Cs ⎥ Δθ ( s )
⎣R ⎦
⎡1 + RCs ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥ Δθ ( s )
⎣ R ⎦
July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 11
Transfer function of the system

Δθ ( s ) ⎡ R ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥
ΔH(s) ⎣1 + RCs ⎦

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 12


Summary

• Thermal systems are simple systems like level and


do not yield to complexities like pneumatic or
hydraulic systems.
• Hence, it is easy and possible to associate analogous
situations and derive the transfer function.

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 13


References

1. Advanced Control Systems Engineering, Ronald


Burns
2. Modern Control Engineering, Ogata
3. Control Systems, Nagoor Kani
4. A course in Electrical, Electronic Measurements
and Instrumentation, A.K. Sawhney
…amongst others

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 14


And, before we break…

• Love has the patience to endure the fault we


cannot cure.

Thanks for listening…

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 15

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