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    Class 11 - Mathematical Modeling of Pneumatic System

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    This document provides an overview of pneumatic systems and modeling of pneumatic systems. It defines pneumatic resistance and capacitance. A simple pneumatic system is described and its dynamic mathematical model derived. Pneumatic systems use compressed air or gas and account for the compressibility of the fluid. Their applications include guided missiles, aircraft systems, and automation equipment. The document also provides example problems and solutions for modeling a basic pneumatic system.

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    Class 11 - Mathematical Modeling of Pneumatic System

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    6K views18 pages
    This document provides an overview of pneumatic systems and modeling of pneumatic systems. It defines pneumatic resistance and capacitance. A simple pneumatic system is described and its dynamic mathematical model derived. Pneumatic systems use compressed air or gas and account for the compressibility of the fluid. Their applications include guided missiles, aircraft systems, and automation equipment. The document also provides example problems and solutions for modeling a basic pneumatic system.

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    This document provides an overview of pneumatic systems and modeling of pneumatic systems. It defines pneumatic resistance and capacitance. A simple pneumatic system is described and its dynamic mathematical model derived. Pneumatic systems use compressed air or gas and account for the compressibility of the fluid. Their applications include guided missiles, aircraft systems, and automation equipment. The document also provides example problems and solutions for modeling a basic pneumatic system.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6K views18 pages

    Class 11 - Mathematical Modeling of Pneumatic System

    Uploaded by

    api-26676616
    This document provides an overview of pneumatic systems and modeling of pneumatic systems. It defines pneumatic resistance and capacitance. A simple pneumatic system is described and its dynamic mathematical model derived. Pneumatic systems use compressed air or gas and account for the compressibility of the fluid. Their applications include guided missiles, aircraft systems, and automation equipment. The document also provides example problems and solutions for modeling a basic pneumatic system.

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    of 18

    System Modeling Coursework

    Class 11: Modeling of Pneumatic systems

    P.R. VENKATESWARAN
    Faculty, Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
    Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal
    Karnataka 576 104 INDIA
    Ph: 0820 2925154, 2925152
    Fax: 0820 2571071
    Email: [email protected], [email protected]
    Web address: http://www.esnips.com/web/SystemModelingClassNotes
    WARNING!

    • I claim no originality in all these notes. These are the


    compilation from various sources for the purpose of
    delivering lectures. I humbly acknowledge the
    wonderful help provided by the original sources in
    this compilation.
    • For best results, it is always suggested you read the
    source material.

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 2


    Contents

    • Description of a Pneumatic system


    • Model of the Pneumatic system
    • Some questions.

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 3


    What is a pneumatic system

    • Pneumatic system uses compressible fluid as working


    medium and it is usually air.
    • In pneumatic systems, compressibility effects of gas cannot
    be neglected and hence dynamic equations are obtained
    using conservation of mass.
    • In pneumatic systems, change in fluid inertia energy and the
    fluid’s internal thermal energy are assumed negligible.
    • In pneumatic system, the mass and volume flow rates are
    not readily interchangeable

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 4


    Description of Pneumatic system

    • Pneumatic devices involve the flow of gas or air,


    through connected pipe lines and pressure vessels.
    • Hence, the variables of pneumatic system are mass
    flow rate, qm, and pressure P.
    • The mass flow rate is a through variable and it is
    analogous to current. The pressure variable is across
    variable and is analogous to voltage.
    • The two basic elements of a pneumatic system are
    the resistance and capacitance.

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 5


    Definition for Pneumatic Resistance

    • The gas flow resistance, R is defined as the rate of change


    in gas pressure difference for a change in gas flow rate.

    Change in gas pressure difference, N / m 2


    R=
    Change in gas flow rate, Kg / sec

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 6


    Definition for pneumatic capacitance

    • Pneumatic capacitance is defined for a pressure vessel and


    depends on the type of expansion process involved. The
    capacitance of a pressure vessel may be defined as the ratio
    of change in gas stored for a change in gas pressure.

    Change in gas stored , Kg


    C=
    Change in gas pressure, N / m 2

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 7


    Pros and Cons of Pneumatic systems

    • Advantages
    – The air or gas used is non inflammable and so it offers
    safety from fire hazards.
    – The air or gas has negligible viscosity, compared to high
    viscosity of hydraulic fluids.
    – No return pipelines are required and since air can be let
    out at the end of work cycle.
    • Disadvantage
    – The response is slower than that of hydraulic systems
    because of the compressibility of the working fluid.
    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 8
    Applications of Pneumatic systems

    • Guided Missiles
    • Aircraft systems
    • Automation of production machines
    • Automatic controllers
    …and many more

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 9


    Pneumatic system

    Pi = air pressure of the source at steady state (newton/m2)


    P0 = air pressure in the vessel at steady state (newton/m2)
    ∆ Pi = small change in air pressure of the source from its steady state
    ∆ P0 = small change in air pressure of the vessel from its steady state

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 10


    System dynamics

    • Rate of gas storage in vessel = rate of gas inflow


    d ΔP0 ΔP ΔPi − ΔP0
    C = =
    dt R R
    • The mathematical model of a simple pneumatic
    system shown in figure is given by
    d ΔP0 ΔP ΔPi − ΔP0
    C = =
    dt R R
    • Applying Laplace and rearranging the terms, we get
    ΔP0 ( s) 1
    =
    ΔPi ( s) ( RCs + 1)

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 11


    Try for this system

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 12


    Description of the system

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 13


    Solution – Part I

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 14


    Solution – Part II

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 15


    Summary

    • The transfer function of the system presents the


    same order as that of the level system with respect
    to the assumed dynamics and structure.
    • The common thread however will be with respect to
    the capacitance and resistance of the system

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 16


    References

    1. Advanced Control Systems Engineering, Ronald


    Burns
    2. Modern Control Engineering, Ogata
    3. Control Systems, Nagoor Kani
    …amongst others

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 17


    And, before we break…

    • Comparisons give us the cancer of the soul


    – G. Jampolsky

    Thanks for listening…

    July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 18

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