Class 5 - 6 Analogous Systems

System Modeling Coursework
Class 5-6 : Analogous Systems
P.R. VENKATESWARAN
Faculty, Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal
Karnataka 576 104 INDIA
Ph: 0820 2925154, 2925152
Fax: 0820 2571071
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Blog: www.godsfavouritechild.wordpress.com
Web address: http://www.esnips.com/web/SystemModelingClassNotes
WARNING!
• I claim no originality in all these notes. These are the

compilation from various sources for the purpose of
delivering lectures. I humbly acknowledge the
wonderful help provided by the original sources in
this compilation.
• For best results, it is always suggested you read the
source material.
July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 2

Contents

What is meant by analogous systems?
• It is possible to make electrical and mechanical

systems using analogs.
• An analogous electrical and mechanical system will
have differential equations of the same form.

Analogous Quantities
Mechanical Mechanical
Electrical
Analog I Analog II
Quantity
(Force-Current) (Force Voltage)
Voltage, e Velocity, v Force, f
Current, i Force, f Velocity, v
Lubricity, 1/B
Resistance, R Friction, B
(Inverse friction)
Compliance, 1/K
Capacitance, C Mass, M
(Inverse spring constant)
Compliance, 1/K
Inductance, L Mass, M
(Inverse spring constant)
Transformer, N1:N2 Lever, L1:L2 Lever, L1:L2

Analogous quantities in force(Torque)-Voltage Analogy
Mechanical Mechanical rotational Systems Electrical System

Translational systems
Force F Torque, T Voltage, e

Mass, M Moment of inertia J Inductance L
Viscous Friction Viscous Friction Coefficient B Resistance R
Coefficient B
Spring stiffness K Torsional spring stiffness K Reciprocal of

capacitance 1/C
Displacement x Angular Displacement, θ Charge q

Velocity, v Angular Velocity, ω Charge i

Analogous quantities in Force (Torque)-Current Analogy
Mechanical Mechanical Rotational Electrical System

Translational systems Systems
Force F Torque, T Current, i
Mass, M Moment of inertia J Capacitance C
Viscous Friction Viscous Friction Coefficient B Reciprocal of
Coefficient B Resistance 1/R
Spring stiffness K Torsional spring stiffness K Reciprocal of
inductance 1/L
Displacement x Angular Displacement, θ Magnetic flux linkage
φ
Velocity, v Angular Velocity, ω Voltage e

Converting between systems
• The important relationship when converting from a circuit to the

Mechanical 1 analog is that between Kirchoff's Current Law and
D'Alemberts Law (with inertial forces included).
Electrical Mechanical 1

Procedure for Conversion from Electrical to Mechanical
• The conversion from an electrical circuit to a

mechanical analog is easily accomplished if
capacitors in the circuit are grounded. If they are
not, the process results in a mechanical system
where positions must be chosen very carefully and
the process can be much more difficult.

• Start with an electrical circuit. Label all node voltages

• Write a node equations for each node voltage

• Re-write the equations using analogs (make making substitutions from

the table of analogous quantities), with each electrical node being
replaced by a position.

• Draw the mechanical system that corresponds with

the equations.

Mechanical (Force-Current) to Electrical Conversion
• Start with the mechanical system. Label all

positions.

• Draw over circuit, replacing mechanical elements with their analogs; force
generators by current sources, input velocities by voltage sources, friction elements
by resistors, springs by inductors, and masses by capacitors (which are
grounded). Each position becomes a node.

• Label nodes and electrical elements as they were in

the original mechanical system.

Verification of Mechanical to Electrical Analog

Verification of Mechanical to Electrical Analog

Numerical No.1 Convert into Mechanical equivalent

Summary

References
• http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/A
nalogous Electrical and Mechanical Systems
• http://www.swarthmore.edu/NatSci/echeeve1/R
ef/Analogs/ElectricalMechanicalAnalogs.html#Q
uantities#Quantities
amongst others…

And, before we break…
• The unexamined life is not worth living

– Socrates
Thanks for listening…

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System Modeling Coursework

Class 5-6 : Analogous Systems

• I claim no originality in all these notes. These are the

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 2

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 3

• It is possible to make electrical and mechanical

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 4

Current, i Force, f Velocity, v

Transformer, N1:N2 Lever, L1:L2 Lever, L1:L2

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 5

Mechanical Mechanical rotational Systems Electrical System

Force F Torque, T Voltage, e

Spring stiffness K Torsional spring stiffness K Reciprocal of

Displacement x Angular Displacement, θ Charge q

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 6

Mechanical Mechanical Rotational Electrical System

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 7

• The important relationship when converting from a circuit to the

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 8

• The conversion from an electrical circuit to a

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 9

• Start with an electrical circuit. Label all node voltages

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 10

• Write a node equations for each node voltage

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 11

• Re-write the equations using analogs (make making substitutions from

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 12

• Draw the mechanical system that corresponds with

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 13

• Start with the mechanical system. Label all

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 14

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 15

• Label nodes and electrical elements as they were in

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 16

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 17

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 18

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 19

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 20

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 21

• The unexamined life is not worth living

Thanks for listening…

July – December 2008 prv/System Modeling Coursework/MIT-Manipal 22

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