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Logarithm: BY: Luqman Laila Ekeen Tsara AFI

Logarithms were independently invented by John Napier and Joost Burgi in the early 1600s to simplify mathematical calculations. Neither inventor initially conceived of logarithms as exponents. It was later recognized that logarithms could be defined as exponents. The common system of logarithms is attributed to the combined work of Napier and Henry Briggs in 1624. Natural logarithms arose later and their true significance was understood later still. Logarithms are useful in fields like finance and astronomy. The relationship between logarithms and exponents is that the logarithmic form and exponential form of the same equation are equivalent.

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Natasha Solace
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128 views

Logarithm: BY: Luqman Laila Ekeen Tsara AFI

Logarithms were independently invented by John Napier and Joost Burgi in the early 1600s to simplify mathematical calculations. Neither inventor initially conceived of logarithms as exponents. It was later recognized that logarithms could be defined as exponents. The common system of logarithms is attributed to the combined work of Napier and Henry Briggs in 1624. Natural logarithms arose later and their true significance was understood later still. Logarithms are useful in fields like finance and astronomy. The relationship between logarithms and exponents is that the logarithmic form and exponential form of the same equation are equivalent.

Uploaded by

Natasha Solace
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGARITHM

BY: LUQMAN LAILA EKEEN TSARA AFI

HISTORY OF LOGARITHM
Logarithms were invented independently by John Napier, a Scotsman, and by Joost Burgi, a Swiss.

The logarithms which they invented differed from each other and from the common and natural logarithms now in use.

Napier's logarithms were published in 1614; Burgi's logarithms were published in 1620.

The objective of both men was to simplify mathematical calculations. Napier's approach was algebraic and Burgi's approach was geometric.

Neither men had a concept of a logarithmic base

Napier defined logarithms as a ratio of two distances in a geometric form, as opposed to the current definition of logarithms as exponents.

The possibility of defining logarithms as exponents was recognized by John Wallis in 1685 and by Johann Bernoulli in 1694.

Continue..
The invention of the common system of logarithms is due to the combined effort of Napier and Henry Biggs in 1624

Natural logarithms first arose as more or less accidental variations of Napier's original logarithms.

Their real significance was not recognized until later. The earliest natural logarithms occur in 1618.

Logarithms are useful in many fields from finance to astronomy.

Relationship between logarithm and indices??

If a, x and N are related such that...

N = a

l t o a N =g ex h

The equations are equivalent.. The first equation is in index form and the second one is in logarithmic form.

DEFINITION OF LOGARITHM

The logarithm of any

number of a given base is equal to the power to which the base should be

EXAMPLE
2=8 log of 8 to the base 2=4 log2 8=3

4=16

log of 16 to the base 4=2

log4 16=2

10=0.1

log of 0.1 to the base 10=-1

log10 0.1=-1

Two important things in logarithm..


1. The logarithm of 1 to any base is 0... 2. The logarithm of any quantity to the same base is '1'

l o ag 1 = 0 l o a ga = 1

Type of logarithm..
1.Logarithms having the base 10 are known as common logarithm..Whenever the base is not written (log) , we shall assume the base to be 10. 2.Logarithms with the base e are called as natural logarithms and it is denoted as 'ln'. For example,

l oe x g =

l n

RULES OF LOGARITHMS
loga (mn)= loga m + loga n loga m/n = loga m loga n loga m = x loga m

# these rules hold for any base a (a > 0 and a = 1)

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