Lecture12
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Review session: 3 5PM Friday (10/5) in 306 Soda (HP Auditorium) Reviewsession:35PMFriday(10/5)in306Soda(HPAuditorium) Midterm#1(Thursday10/11,3:30PM5:00PM)location:
106StanleyHall:StudentswithlastnamesstartingwithAL 306SodaHall:StudentswithlastnamesstartingwithMZ
OUTLINE
CascodeStage(contd)
supplementary remarks supplementaryremarks
CurrentMirrors Reading:Chapter9.2 Reading: Chapter 9 2
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide1 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
Review:CascodeStageRout
Theimpedanceseenlookingintothecollectorcanbeboosted significantlybyusingaBJTforemitterdegeneration,witha significantly by using a BJT for emitter degeneration, with a relativelysmallreductioninheadroom.
Rout = [1 + g m (rO 2 || r 1 )]rO1 + rO 2 || r 1 Rout g m1rO1 (rO 2 || r 1 )
EE105Fall2007
Lecture12,Slide2
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
AnotherViewofaCascodeStage
InsteadofconsideringacascodeasQ2 degenerating Q1,wecanalsothinkofitasQ1stacked on top of Q2 we can also think of it as Q stackedontopofQ (currentsource)toboostQ2soutputimpedance.
EE105Fall2007
Lecture12,Slide3
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
TemperatureandSupplyVoltage DependenceofBiasCurrent Dependence of Bias Current
Circuitsshouldbedesignedtooperateproperlyover arangeofsupplyvoltagesandtemperatures. a range of supply voltages and temperatures Forthebiasingschemeshownbelow,I1dependson thetemperatureaswellasthesupplyvoltage,since the temperature as well as the supply voltage, since VT andIS dependontemperature.
I1 = I S e VBE
EE105Fall2007
VBE / VT
R2 VCC R1 + R2
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
Lecture12,Slide4
ConceptofaCurrentMirror
Circuitdesignstoprovideasupply andtemperature independentcurrentexist,butrequiremany p , q y transistorstoimplement.
goldencurrentsource
Acurrentmirror isusedtoreplicatethecurrentfrom agoldencurrentsourcetootherlocations.
EE105Fall2007
Lecture12,Slide5
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
CurrentMirrorCircuitry
DiodeconnectedQREF producesanoutputvoltageVXthat forcesI forces Icopy1to be equal to IREF,ifQ1is identical to QREF. tobeequaltoI if Q isidenticaltoQ
Current mirror concept Generation of required VBE Current Mirror Circuitry
I copy1 =
EE105Fall2007
I S ,1 I S , REF
I copy1 I REF VX = VT ln = VT ln I I S ,1 S , REF
I REF
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
Lecture12,Slide6
BadCurrentMirrorExample1
IfthecollectorandbaseofQREF arenotshorted together,therewillnotbeapathforthebase currentstoflow,sothatIcopy iszero.
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide7 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
BadCurrentMirrorExample2
Alth Althoughitprovidesapathforbasecurrentstoflow, h it id th f b t t fl thisbiasingapproachisnobetterthanaresistive voltagedivider. voltage divider
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide8 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
MultipleCopiesofIREF
MultiplecopiesofIREF canbegeneratedatdifferent locationsbyapplyingthecurrentmirrorconceptto locations by applying the current mirror concept to multipletransistors.
I copy , j =
EE105Fall2007
IS, j I S , REF
I REF
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
Lecture12,Slide9
CurrentScaling
ByscalingtheemitterareaofQjbyafactorofn with respecttotheemitterareaofQ I respect to the emitter area of QREF,Icopy,jis scaled by a isscaledbya factorofnwithrespecttoIREF.
Thisisequivalenttoplacingn unitsizedtransistorsinparallel. q p g p
I copy , j = nI REF
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide10 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
Example:ScaledCurrents
EE105Fall2007
Lecture12,Slide11
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
FractionalScaling
AfractionofIREFcanbecreatedinQ1 byscalingup theemitterareaofQ the emitter area of QREF.
V I REF = 3I S exp X V T
V I copy = I S exp X V T
I copy
EE105Fall2007
1 = I REF 3
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
Lecture12,Slide12
Example:DifferentMirroringRatios
Usingtheconceptofcurrentscalingandfractional scaling,I scaling Icopy1 = 0 05mA and Icopy2 = 0 5mA derived =0.05mA andI =0.5mA,derived fromasingle0.2mAreferencecurrentsource(IREF).
EE105Fall2007
Lecture12,Slide13
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
EffectofBaseCurrents
I REF = I C , REF + I copy n + I copy
I C , REF =
I copy n
I copy
EE105Fall2007
nI REF = 1 1 + (n + 1)
Lecture12,Slide14
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
ImprovedMirroringAccuracy
UseQF(ratherthanIREF)tosupplythebasecurrentsof QREF andQ1,reducethemirroringerrorbyafactorof. Q, g y REF
I REF = I B , F + I C , REF
I C ,F I E ,F = I B,F I copy n + I copy
I C , REF =
I copy n
I copy 1 py 2 +1 n
I copy
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide15
nI REF = 1 1 + 2 (n + 1)
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
DifferentMirroringRatioAccuracy
I REF = I B , F + 4 I C , REF
IC ,F I copy1
I copy 2
+4
I C , REF
I B,F
15 I copy1
I copy1
I REF = 15 4+ 2
I C , REF = I copy1
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide16
I copy 2
10 I REF = 15 4+ 2
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
PNPCurrentMirror
APNPBJTcurrentmirrorcanbeusedasacurrent sourceloadforanNPNBJTamplifierstage. source load for an NPN BJT amplifier stage
EE105Fall2007
Lecture12,Slide17
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
GenerationofIREFfora PNPBJTCurrentMirror PNP BJT Current Mirror
Neglectingbasecurrents,thecurrentsflowing throughQ andQ through QM and QREF2 are the same arethesame.
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide18 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
CurrentMirrorwithDiscreteBJTs
IfQREFandQ1arediscreteNPNBJTs,IREFandIcopy1can differdramatically,duetoI mismatch. differ dramatically due to ISmismatch
EE105Fall2007
Lecture12,Slide19
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley
