Basic Mechanical Drives and Power Transmission Training
December 2007
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
The purpose of this presentation is to provide a overview of industrial drives and their maintenance. Gear Drives Belt Drives V-Belt Maintenance Chain Drives Sprocket and Roller Chain Maintenance
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Gear Drives
December 2007
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Gear Boxes
Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Types
Types
Automotive
transmissions Auxiliary transmissions Transfer cases Power takeoffs Marine gears Hydraulic drives Industrial transmissions Differentials
Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Gear Boxes
Series trains Planetary gearing Speed reducers
Base
mounted Shaft mounted
Speed increasers
Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Gears and Gear Boxes
A gear is a form of disc, or wheel, that has teeth around its periphery for the purpose of providing a positive drive by meshing the teeth with similar teeth on another gear or rack.
Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Right Angle Gear Drive
Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Spur Gears
Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Involute Curve
Cord Base Circle
Circle involute
Circle
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Pressure Angle
Direction of tooth to tooth push Pressure Angle Pressure angle
Pressure angle 20
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Rotation
Line of action
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Pitch Diameter and Center Distance
Pitch Diameter D2 Pitch Diameter D1
Center Distance C
D1 D 2 C 2
D1 2C D 2
D 2 2C D1
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Circular/Diametrical Pitch
Circular Pitch
3.1416
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Names of Gear Parts
Clearance Addendum
Pitch Circle
Addendum
Pitch Circle Working Thickness Dedendum Whole depth Circular depth pitch Thickness Pitch Line
Dedendum Whole Circular pitch depth
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Backlash
Backlash
Pitch Line
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Other Gear Types
Bevel and Miter Helical Worm Herringbone
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Bevel and Miter Gear
Shaft Angle
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Helical
Helix angle
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Worm Gear
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Herringbone Gear
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Gear Damage
Vibration Frequency Component gear mesh Normal profile
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Troubleshooting
Inappropriate bidirectional operation Gear overload Misalignment Poor maintenance Induced misalignment Visual inspection
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Wear patterns
Normal
Abrasives in lubricating oil
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Pattern caused by corrosive attack on gear teeth
Pitting caused by gear overloading
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Belt Drives
December 2007
Belt Drives
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Introduction
Description Basic
Components
Load
carrying section Rubber compression section Cover
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Belt Drives
Belt drives are used to transmit power between a drive unit and a driven unit
Driven Unit
Drive Motor
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Belts
The size of the belt must match the sheave size. if they do not match, then the belt will not make proper contact with the sheave and will decrease the amount of B load it can transmit.
A
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Belt Selection
Standard V-Belt
Cogged Belt
Joined V-Belt
Positive Drive Belt
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Sheaves
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Shaft Speed
Driven Drive 12 inch dia. rpm
6 in dia.
1800 rpm
DrivenShaf t_rpm
DriveSheaveDiameterInches driveshaft _rpm Driven_she ave_diameter
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Driven Sheave Diameter
Driven Drive ___ inch dia. 900 rpm 6 in dia. 1800 rpm
DrivenShea veDiameter
DriveSheaveDiameterInches driveshaft _rpm Driven_sha ft_rpm
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Belt Length
Driven Drive 12 inch dia.
6 in dia.
35 inches
Belt_length
drive_diameter 3.14 driven_diameter 3.14 center_to_center 2 2 2
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Belt Speed
Driven Drive
12 inch dia. 900 rpm
6 in dia. 1800 rpm
diameter 3.14 rpm FPM 12
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V-Belt Maintenance
December 2007
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Belt Maintenance
Routine maintenance is essential if a belt drive is to operate properly
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Belt Maintenance
Never force belt onto sheave Belt should not ride on bottom of sheave. Check belt condition Belt alignment Tension Inspect sheaves and shafts Belt stretch
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
How to Read V-belt Numbers
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Classic Cog V-belts AX-BX-CX-DX
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
D-V Wedge Belts 3VX-5VX-8V
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Classic V-belts A-B-C-D-E
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
V-belt Inspection
Slapping Squealing Check belt condition Tightness Tension
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
V-belt Sidewall Wear
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
V-belt Worn Cover/soft or Swollen
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
V-belt Slips, Squeals (Spin Burn)
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
V-belt Underside Cracked
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
V-Belt Cover Split / Missing Cogs pried upon Belts
Foreign objects Excessive heat Sheave too small Sheave misaligned Improper storage
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Sheave Inspection
Sheave groves must be
like this not this
Dished out
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Sheave Inspection
5V
10.01-16.0 O.D. 40 deg
Example sheave gauge
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Under 10.0 O.D. 38 deg
Over 16.0 O.D. 42 deg
Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Alignment
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Types of Misalignment
Angular Misalignment
Parallel Misalignment
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Shaft Alignment
Cord tied to shaft
Cord touching sheaves at points indicated by arrows
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Tensioning V-belts Drives
Too tight
Slight bow
Too loose
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Check Tension
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Preventative Maintenance
Check belt condition Check belt tension Identify sources of contamination Check sheave alignment Check sheave wear
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Chain Drives
December 2007
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Introduction
Description Types
Self
of links
forming teeth Extended Pin
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Introduction
DRIVEN ROLL DRIVE GEAR BOX
Chain Pitch
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Drive
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Advantages
No slippage More compact than belt Good for slow speeds Easier to install Not subject to deterioration Operates under wet conditions Less adjustment required Can drive several shafts Less costly than gear drives
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Disadvantages
Cannot be used where drive must slip Cannot except misalignment Noisy Causes vibration Needs frequent lubrication Small load capacity Shorter Service Live
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Drive Principles
Drive Sprocket
Drive chain Sprocket
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Shaft Speed
Driven Drive
12 T
6T
rpm
1800 rpm
DriveSproc ket_# teeth driveshaft _rpm DrivenShaf t_rpm DrivenSpro cket_# teeth
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Length Calculation
Driven Drive 12 T 6T
35 inches
40 Chain
ChainLengt h DriveSproc ketTeeth Pitch 2 DrivenSpro cketTeeth Pitch CenterToCe nter 2 2
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Speed
Driven Drive
12 T
6T
900 rpm
1800 40 Chain rpm
teeth pitch rpm FPM 12
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Some Chain Drive Examples
Fork Lift
Roller Conveyor
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Sprocket and Roller Chain Maintenance
December 2007
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Roller Chain
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Pitch
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Large Pitch Conveyor Chain
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Part Friction Areas
Major friction areas in red
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Lubrication Methods
Hand Oiling Drop Lubrication Oil Bath Rotating Plate Forced Circulation
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Example Application Large Roller Chain
Multi-strand conveyor
Large Roller Chain
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Sprockets
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Sprocket Classifications
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Drive Factors
Location of slack Chain wrap Vertical arrangement
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Installation Parallel Shafts
Level
Level
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Installation
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Installation - Sprockets
Straight edge or Straight string
Gap
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Installation
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Length
The following information is needed for an equation to find the chain length:
1.
Number of teeth on the drive sprocket. 2. Number of teeth on the driven sprocket. 3. Center-to-center distance between the shafts. 4. The chain pitch in inches.
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Inspection
Cleanliness Lubrication Signs of wear Flexibility Check chain stretch Physical damage
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Chain Wear
WORN CHAIN NEW CHAIN
SPROCKET
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Sprocket Tooth Wear
SPROCKETS INDICATE WEAR HERE
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Preventive Maintenance
Inspect for wear Lubricate Check chain sag Set tension Inspect sprockets
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Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
Summary and Quiz
Review Objectives Question and Answer Session
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