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MFCS Relations 2

PDF copy of relations from Predicate Calculus

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97 views1 page

MFCS Relations 2

PDF copy of relations from Predicate Calculus

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api-26548538
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Theory of Inference for Predicate Calculus – Implications, Equivalences and Rules

Equivalences

E23 (∃x) (A(x) ∨ B(x)) ⇔ (∃x)A(x) ∨ (∃x)B(x)


E24 (∀x)(A(x) ∧ B(x)) ⇔ (∀x)A(x) ∧ (∀x)B(x)
E25 7((∃x)A(x)) ⇔ (∀x) 7A(x)
E26 7((∀x)A(x)) ⇔ (∃x) 7A(x)
E27 (∀x)A(x) ∨ (∀x)B(x) ⇒ (∀x)(A(x) ∨ B(x))
E28 (∃x)A(x) ∧ (∃x)B(x) ⇒ (∃x)(A(x) ∧ B(x))
E29 (∀x)(A ∨ B(x)) ⇔ A ∨ (∀x)B(x)
E30 (∃x)(A(x) ∧ B(x)) ⇔ A ∧ (∃x)B(x)
E31 (∀x)A(x) → B ⇔ (∃x)(A(x) → B)
E32 (∃x)A(x) → B ⇔ (∀x)(A(x) → B)
E33 A → (∀x)B(x) ⇔ (∀x)(A → B(x))
E34 A → (∃x)B(x) ⇔ (∃x)(A → B(x))

Rules
Rule US (Universal Specification) : From (∀x) A(x) , one can conclude A(y).

Rule ES (Existential Specification) : From (∃x) A(x) , one can conclude A(y) provided
y is not free in any given premise and also not free in any prior step of the
derivation

Rule EG (Existential Generalization) : From A(x) one can conclude (∃y) A(y) .

Rule UG (Universal Generalization) : From A(x) one can conclude (∀y) A(y) ,
provided that x is not free in any of the given premises and provided that if x is free
in a prior step which resulted from use of ES, then no variable introduced by that
use of ES appear free in A(x).

CVR College of Engineering Srikanth

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