Beginning SQL:
Differences Between
SQL Server and Oracle
A Quick Intro for SQL Server Users
Les Kopari
Independent Consultant
Introduction
If you're new to SQL or just new to
Oracle SQL, perhaps coming from a
Microsoft SQL Server environment, it
may seem like the two versions should
be very similar, and they are, to a certain
degree, but they are also very different in
some important and basic ways.
Agenda
I. Quick Intro for SQL Server Users
II. Some Detail: Joins, Subqueries,
Deletes
III. Certain Conceptual Differences
IV. Powerful New Features
V. Summary & References
Don’t Use Databases
SQL Server
use
mydatabase
Oracle
connect mydatabase/mypassword
Use Dual
SQL Server
select getdate();
Oracle
select sysdate from dual;
Select Into
SQL Server
select getdate() mycolumn into mytable;
Oracle
insert into mytable (mycolumn)
values(sysdate);
Inserts
SQL Server
Insert mytable values(‘more text’);
Oracle
Insert into mytable values(‘more text’);
Updates
SQL Server
update mytable
set mycolumn=myothertable.mycolumn
from mytable,myothertable
where mytable.mycolumn like 'MY%'
and myothertable.myothercolumn='some text';
Updates
Oracle
update mytable
set mycolumn=
(select a.mycolumn
from myothertable a
where myothertable.myothercolumn='some text
)
where mytable.mycolumn like 'MY%';
Deletes
SQL Server
delete mytable where mycolumn like 'some%';
Oracle
delete from mytable
where mycolumn like 'some%';
Software
SQL Server
• isql
• osql: for queries developed in SQL Analyze
Oracle
• sqlplus
II. A Little More Detail
• Outer Join
• Sub-Queries in Place of Columns
• Deletes With a Second From Clause
Outer Join
SQL Server
select d.deptname, e.ename from
dept d, emp e where d.empno *=
e.enum;
Oracle
select d.deptname,e.ename from
dept d, emp e where d.empno =
e.enum (+);
SubQueries in Place of
Columns
• SQL Server
select distinct year,
q1 = (select Amount amt FROM sales
where Quarter=1 AND year = s.year),
q2 = (SELECT Amount amt FROM sales
where Quarter=2 AND year = s.year),
q3 = (SELECT Amount amt FROM sales
where Quarter=3 AND year = s.year),
q4 = (SELECT Amount amt FROM sales
where Quarter=4 AND year = s.year)
from sales s;
SubQueries in Place of
Columns
Oracle
SELECT year,
DECODE( quarter, 1, amount, 0 ) q1,
DECODE( quarter, 2, amount, 0 ) q2,
DECODE( quarter, 3, amount, 0 ) q3,
DECODE( quarter, 4, amount, 0 ) q4
FROM sales s;
Delete with Second From
Clause
SQL Server
delete
from products
from products, product_deletes
where products.a =
product_deletes.a
and products.b = product_deletes.b
and product_deletes.c = 'd';
Delete with Second From
Clause
Oracle
delete
from products
where ( a, b ) in
( select a, b
from product_deletes
where c = 'd' );
III. More Depth
• The Connect Concept
• Other Conceptual Differences
• Data Type Differences
• Column Aliases
• Sub-Queries
The Connect Concept
SQL Server
Multiple databases
Oracle
Single Database
Multiple tablespaces, schemas,
users
Other Conceptual
Differences
SQL Server Oracle
Database owner, DBO Schema
Group/Role Role
Index
Non-unique index
PL/SQL procedure
T-SQL stored procedure { PL/SQL function
Trigger BEFORE trigger
Compex rule After trigger
Column identity property Sequence
Only in Oracle
• Clusters
• Packages
• Triggers for each row
• Synonyms
• Snapshots
Data Type Differences
SQL Server Oracle
INTEGER NUMBER(10)
SMALLINT NUMBER(6)
TINYINT NUMBER(3)
REAL FLOAT
FLOAT FLOAT
BIT NUMBER(1)
VARCHAR(n) VARCHAR2(n)
TEXT CLOB
IMAGE BLOB
BINARY(n) RAW(n) or BLOB
Data Type Differences
SQL Server Oracle
VARBINARY RAW(n) or BLOB
DATETIME DATE
SMALL-DATETIME DATE
MONEY NUMBER(19,4)
NCHAR(n) CHAR(n*2)
NVARCHAR(n) VARCHAR(n*2)
SMALLMONEY NUMBER(10,4)
TIMESTAMP NUMBER
SYSNAME VARCHAR2(30),
VARCHAR2(128)
Time
SQL Server
Datetime: 1/300th second
Oracle
Date: 1 second
Timestamp: 1/100 millionth second
Column Aliases
SQL Server
select a=deptid,
b=deptname,c=empno from dept;
Oracle
select deptid a, deptname b, empno
c from dept;
Sub-queries, again
• SQL Server
SELECT ename, deptname
FROM emp, dept
WHERE emp.enum = 10
AND(SELECT security_code
FROM employee_security
WHERE empno = emp.enum) =
(SELECT security_code
FROM security_master
WHERE sec_level = dept.sec_level);
Sub-queries, again
Oracle
SELECT empname, deptname
FROM emp, dept
WHERE emp.empno = 10
AND EXISTS (SELECT security_code
FROM employee_security es
WHERE es.empno = emp.empno
AND es.security_code =
(SELECT security_code
FROM security_master
WHERE sec_level = dept.sec_level));
Powerful New Features
• Regular Expressions: Operators &
Functions
• Operator: REGEXP_LIKE
• Functions: REGEXP_INSTR
• REGEXP_SUBSTR
• REGEXP_REPLACE
Regular Expressions
Select zip
from zipcode
where regexp_like (zip, ‘[^[:digit:]]’);
Regular Expressions
SELECT REGEXP_INSTR('Joe Smith,
10045 Berry Lane, San Joseph, CA 91234-
1234',
' [[:digit:]]{5}(-[[:digit:]]{4})?$')
AS starts_at
FROM dual
Summary
This discussion has been an attempt at a
light and lively introduction to the Oracle
database world for those familiar with the
Microsoft SQL Server database products.
Much more in-depth examples are
available in the references shown that
follow, from which many of the examples
were drawn and for which we can thank
the authors involved.
Welcome Aboard!
References
• Oracle Migration Workbench Reference Guide for
SQL Server and Sybase Adaptive Server
Migrations, Release 9.2.0 for Microsoft Windows
98/2000/NT and Microsoft Windows XP, Part
Number B10254-01
• Oracle Technology Network, OTN:
http://otn.oracle.com/software/index.html
• Writing Better SQL Using Regular Expressions, By
Alice Rischert
http://otn.oracle.com/oramag/webcolumns/2003/tec
harticles/rischert_regexp_pt1.html
