]p-kv-X-I-w- aq-∂v- / e-°w- c-≠-v / 2003 Pq¨- /1424 d.

-BJn¿--

Jp¿-B\n-se
im-kv-{Xkq-N\Iƒ
9
- tUm.- ]n.-sI.- A_v-Zp-dkm-Jv- kp-√an-

4 hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw-
6 Xn-cp-sam-gn-
7 ]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-
17 Ako-kv-; km-an-cn-; {Iq-io-IcWw-
Cu-Pn-]v-t‰m-fPn- Jp¿-B\n-s\Xntcm?-
˛ Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_¿-

25 Ckvemw: hnPvRm\ XrjvWsb ]cnt]mjn∏n® aXw

˛in-lm-_v,- sXm-Sp-]p-g
28 A-√m-lp-hn-s\- A-dn-bp-I ˛5
˛ A-_v-Zp¬- Jm-en-Jv-
34 A-\p-`-hw-
˛ap\o¿ Alv-aZv, Ip∂Øp]mew
36 tbip: AXv`pXhpw ZnhyXzhpw
˛Aen sI. acpX

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen O Site offset printers for Pioneer offset printers, Cochin-15. Published at
Cochin-18. Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.
 {InkvXpaXtam ]utemkv aXtam? tXmfnenSm≥ {]mbap≈ Hcp sNdnb Ip´nbmbn´mWv D¬]Øn
bn¬Xs∂ ]dbp∂Xv. kw`hw hnhcn°p∂Xnßs\bmWv:
"kvt\lkwhmZw'- amknIbpsS Hcp ]pXnb hmb\°m
""XpI¬ k©nbnse sh≈w Xo¿∂t∏mƒ Ahƒ Ip´nsb
c\mWv Rm≥. Ign™ am¿®v amkw ]pdØndßnb kvt\
Hcp Ip‰n°m´n¬ InSØn. Ip™v acn°p∂Xv F\n°v ImWm
lkwhmZØn¬ ankv‰¿ h¿Kokv Fw. kmapth¬ FgpXnb
≥ hø F∂v ]d™v Ahƒ Ipsd AIse Hcp AsºbvØv
IØpw AXn\v adp]Snbmbn A_q-jao¿ FgpXnb IØpw
ZqcØpsN∂v FXn¿hitØ°v Xncn™ncp∂p. Ip´n D®Øn¬
{i≤bn¬s]´p. {]XnIcn°mXncn°p∂Xv icnbs√∂v tXm∂n.
Icbm≥ XpSßn. Ip´nbpsS Ic®n¬ ssZhw tI´p. kz¿KØn
ankv‰¿ kmapth¬ ]e ]cn`mjIƒ hmbn®n´pw AIv_¿
¬\n∂v ssZhØns≥d ZqX≥ Ahsf hnfn®p]d™p. lm-
I≠Xpt]mse I≠n√ F∂Xv icnXs∂bmWv. C°mcy
Km¿ \o hnjant°≠. `bs∏SpIbpw th≠. Ip´nbpsS Ic®n
Øn¬ At±lsØ Ip‰s∏SpØp∂Xv icnb√. At±lw I≠
¬ ssZhw tI´ncn°p∂p. Fgpt∂‰v Ip´nsb IønseSp°pI.
ss__nfn¬ D¬]Øn 21:4 hnhcn®Xnßs\bmWv.
Ah\n¬\n∂v Rm≥ hensbmcp P\Xsb ]pds∏Sphn°pw.
""A{_lmw AXncmhnse Fgpt∂‰v Ipsd A∏hpw Hcp ssZhw AhfpsS IÆv Xpd∂p. Ahƒ Hcp InW¿ (kwkw)
XpI¬ k©nbn¬ sh≈hpsaSpØv lm-Kmdns≥d tXmfn¬ I≠p. AhƒsN∂v XpI¬ k©n \nd®v Ip´n°v IpSn°m≥
sh®p. Ip´nsb G¬]n®n´v Ahsf ]d™b®p. Ahƒ Ahn sImSpØp. ssZhw Ip´nbpsS IqsS D≠mbncp∂p. Ah≥ acp`q
sS\n∂v t]mbn t_¿j_ acp{]tZiØv Ae™p\S∂p'' anbn¬ ]m¿Øp. Ah≥ hf¿∂v ka¿∞\mb Hcp hn√mfnbm
(K.C.B.C. Bible Commision). Cu hN\w CtX coXnbn¬ bn Xo¿∂p (D¬]Øn 21:14˛20). ChnsS ]cma¿in°p∂Xv Hcp
Xs∂bmWv "\n®v Hm^v {SqØv'- ]pdØnd°nb H.M. Baagil ]Xn\mdpImc\s√∂v a\ nem°mw. CXn¬\n∂v
hyIvXamIp∂Xv CkvlmJv- P\n°p∂Xn\v apºpX
s∂ Ckvamtbepw lm-Kmdpw kmdsb ]ncn™p
t]mbn F∂mWv. Cu kw`hw hnhcn°p∂Xn¬ D¬
]Øn 21:8˛10, D¬]Øn21:14˛20ambn ]ckv]cw sshcp
[yw ]pe¿Øp∂psh∂v ImWmw. ss__nfn¬
]utemkns≥d B[n]Xyw \ntj[n°m\mhmØ
hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kXyamWv. tbip {Iqin°s∏´n√ F∂v hnizkn°p
∂h¿ B kaqlØn¬ Pohn®ncp∂Xmbn ss__n
kw-hm-Zw- fn¬ ImWmw. Ahsc AwKoIcn°p∂hcmbn Hcp
hn`mKw KemXy¿°nSbn¬ {]h¿Øn®ncp∂p. Ahsc
hna¿in°p∂ ]utemkns\ KemXy¿°p≈ teJ
\Øn¬ ImWmw˛ ""lm _p≤nbn√mØ KemXytc,-
tbip{Inkv X p {Iqin°s∏´h\mbn \nßfpsS
M.D. bpsS "{InkvXy≥ apkvenw kwhmZw'- F∂ ]pkvX IÆn\v apºn¬ hc®pIm´nbncns° \nßsf £p{Zw sNbvXv
IØnepw D≤cn®n´p≈Xv. AXn\m¬ ankv‰¿ kmapth¬ km¿ ab°nbXmcm-Wv? (KemXy¿ 3:1). tbiphns≥d bYm¿Y A\p
ImWmØXn¬ At±lsØ ]gnt°≠Xn√. ss__nfns≥d bmbnIƒ ]utemkns≥d kn≤m¥ßƒs°Xncmbncp∂psh
]cn`mjI¿ ]cn`mjbn¬ hcpØnb A_≤amhm\mWv ∂v a\ nem°mw. Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xv t`mjv°√ kXyamWv
km[yX. ]cn`mj \n¿hln°ptºmƒ Ipd®pIqSn kq£vaX F∂v Bh¿Øn°p∂ ]utemkns\ \ap°v ss__nfn¬
]pe¿ØWambncp∂p. ]ZhyXymk߃ kzm`mhnIamWv. ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ""Rm≥ {InkvXphns\ ap≥\n¿Øn kXyw
]t£, A¿Yw Xs∂ amdnt∏mIp∂ coXnbn¬ ]cnWan®Xv ]dbp∂p; Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xv t`mjv°√'' (tdma¿ 9:1). ""\ΩpsS
\n¿`mKyIcamWv. I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns≥d ssZhhpw ]nXmhpambn
Ckvamtb¬ Hcp sNdnb Ip´nbmWv F∂v hcpØnXo¿ Ft∂°pw hmgvØs∏´h≥ Rm≥ t`mjv°√ ]dbp∂Xv
°m≥ ss__nƒ FgpØpIm¿ I≈w ImWn®psh∂Xv icn F∂dnbp∂p''-(sImcn¥y¿ 2 11:31). ""Rm≥ {]iwkn∏m≥ hnNm
b√. ImcWw Ckvamtbens\ lm-Kmdns≥d Iøn¬ sImSp cn®mepw aqV\mhpIbn√. kXyas√ ]dbp∂Xv'' (sImcn¥y¿-
ØphnSptºmƒ Ip´n sNdpXvXs∂bmbncp∂p. ]t£, Ip´n 2 12˛6). ""R߃ sIm≈cpXmØh¿ A√ F∂v \n߃ Adn
hepXmsW∂v hcpØphm\mWv ss__nƒ FgpØpIm¿ bpw F∂v Rm≥ Bin°p∂p'' (sImcn¥y¿ 2 13˛6). ""Rm≥
{ian®n´p≈Xv. DZmlcWØn\v CkvlmJns≥d P\\k FgpXp∂Xv t`mjv°√ F∂Xn\v ssZhw km£n''- (KemXy¿
abØv A{_lmans≥d hb v 100 Bbncp∂p (D¬]Øn 1˛20). ""{]tLmjI\mbpw At∏mkvXe\mbpw hnizmkØn
21:5). Ckvamtb¬ P\n°ptºmƒ A{_lmans≥d {]mbw 86 epw kXyØnepw hnPmXobcpsS {]t_m[I\mbpw Rm≥
Bbncp∂p. CkvlmJv P\n°ptºmƒ Ckvamtbens≥d \nban °s∏´p. Rm≥ t`mjv°√ kXyamcWv ]dbp∂Xv''-
{]mbw 14 Bbncn°pw, CkvlmJns≥d apeIpSn amdnbt∏mƒ (Xntam sYtbmkv 2:7). ]utemkv ]dbp∂Xv kXya√,
c≠v hb mWv. AXn\v tijamWv BZy`mcy kmdbpsS I≈amWv F∂ Btcm]Ww \nehnep≠mbncp∂XpsIm≠m
]cmXnaqew lm-Kmdns\bpw Ckvamtbens\bpw ]pd¥≈n Wv Cßs\ Bh¿Øn®v kXyw sNtø≠nhcp∂Xv. tbip
bsX∂v ss__nƒ ]dbp∂p (D¬]Øn 21:8˛10). At∏mƒ hns≥d A[ym]\߃°v A\pIqeambn {]kwKn°p∂
Ckvamtben\v 16 hb mbncn°Ww. ]t£, Ckvamtbens\ bYm¿Y At∏mkvXe∑m¿s°Xnsc ]utemkv Xncnbp∂Xv
{i≤n°pI. ImWpIt]mepw sNømX iu¬- F∂ ߃ Zu¿`mKyw hnfn®phcpØp∂p˛
""HcpØ≥ h∂v X߃ {]kwKn°m Cu tdmam°mc\v e`n®psh∂ kzbw hoSv, kv{Xo, IpXnc'' (amXr`qan BgvN∏
Ø as‰mcp tbiphns\ {]kwKn°pI AhImihmZsØbpw At±lw kzbw Xn∏v, am¿®v 16˛22, t]Pv 32).
tbm \n߃°v e`n°mØ thsdmcp sa\s™SpØ am\km¥c IYbpw CXns≥d \nPkvYnXn Fs¥∂pw
BXv a msh¶nepw \n߃ ssIs°m P\߃ AwKoIcn°m\pw hnizkn°m Ckvemw kv{XoIƒ°v \¬Inbn´p≈
≈mØ thsdmcp kphntijsa¶nepw \pw XbmdmhmØXn¬ AXv`pXs∏Sm kvYm\sØbpw Ah¿°v \¬Inbn´p≈
e`n°pItbm sNøptºmƒ \n߃ s\m∂pan√. {InkvXphns≥d kphnti AhImißsfbpw Ahsc kw_\v[n®
s]mdp°p∂Xv BivNcyw. Rm≥ Cu jßsf ]msS AhKWn®psIm≠v \nbaßsfbpwIpdn®v hfsc Kl\hpw
At∏mkvXe {]amWnIsc°mƒ H´pw kz¥w kn≤m¥ßƒ \S∏n¬hcpØnb ]T\m¿lhpamb Hcp teJ\w iIvX
Ipd™h\√ F∂v \ncq]n°p∂p''- ]utemkmWv B[p\nI ss{IkvXh amb `mjbn¬IqSn {]kn≤oIcn°W
(sImcn¥y¿ 2 11:4˛5). CXn¬\n∂v k`IfpsS BXvaob Kpcpsh¶n¬ {Inkv sa∂v At]£.
]utemkv hna¿in°p∂ At∏mkvXe XpaXw F∂Xnt\°mƒ ]utemkv aXw F.--Sn.A_vZp¬aPoZv,I
- cphmc°p≠v
∑m¿ ]utemknt\°mƒ t{ijvTXbp F∂mWv IqSpX¬ icn.
≈hcmbn P\߃ IW°m°nbncp∂ aplΩZv \ujmZv tImaØv,
kvt\lkwhmZØn\v
hcmWv F∂v hyIvXamWv. Ahsc°p A_pZm_n
A`n\µ\߃
dn®v tdma°mc\mbncp∂ ]utemkv ]d "kvt\lkwhmZw' amknI aq∂mw
bp∂p. ao-Un-bIsf {i≤n-°p-I hb nte°v {]thin®ncn°pIbmW
B\pImenI {]kn≤oIcWßfn t√m. Cu AhkcØn¬ CXns≥d
""Ah¿ sl{_mbcmtWm? Rm\pw
AWnbdin¬]nIƒ°v kt¥mjn°mw.
AsX. Ah¿ C{kmtb¬°mcmtWm? eqsSbpw a‰v aoUnbIfneqsSbpw Ckvem
ImcWw AXn\v am{Xw henb Hcp N¿®m
Rm\pw AsX. Ah¿ {InkvXphns≥d ans\ XmdSn®v ImWn°m\p≈ KqV{ia
hnjbamWn∂v "kv t \lkwhmZw'.
Zmk∑mcmtWm Rm\pw AsX. Ah¿ ߃ \S∂psIm≠ncn°ptºmƒ Ahsb
a\pjy_p≤nsb X´nbpW¿Øp∂ {]am
A{_mlØns≥d k¥XnIfmtWm hkvXp\njvTambn hnebncpØp∂Xn\p
W_≤amb teJ\ßfmWv kvt\lkw
D∑Øs\t∏mse Rm\pw ]dbp∂p. th≠n "kvt\lkwhmZw' amknIbpsS
hmZØns≥d {]tXyIX. Ckv e man
Rm≥ Ipsd IqsS sa®s∏´ Zmk\mWv''- GXm\pw t]PpIƒ am‰nsh°Wsas∂m
s\Xnscbp≈ Btcm]Wicßsf
(sImcn¥y¿ 2 11:22˛23). Cu hmZKXn cp A`n{]mbap≠v. F√m Xn¶fmgvNbpw
XSp°p∂Xn¬ "kvt\lkwhmZ'
Isf√mw P\߃ ]pNvOn®pX≈n-bXpw sshIpt∂cw 4.30\v Gjyms\‰v t•m_ Øns≥d ]¶v A\ntj[yhpw AXpeyhp
tbiphns≥d bYm¿Y At∏mkvXe∑m en¬ \S°mdp≈ "AIØfw' F∂ amWv. C\nbpan\nbpw apt∂m´v t]mIm
cnte°v BIrjvScmbXpw- ]utemkn\v B\pImenI N¿®bn¬ CubSpØv h∂ \p≈ iIvXnbpw B¿Phhpw kvt\l
kln®n√. At±lw ]dbp∂p: ""Rm≥ Hcp hnjbw "aXhpw kv{Xobpw ]ns∂ kwhmZØns≥d AWnbd in¬]nIƒ
Hcp t`mj\mbnt∏mbt√m! \nßfmWv kzmX{¥yhpw' CXn\v anI® Hcp DZml °v ssZhw \¬Is´v F∂v {]m¿Yn°p∂p.
AXn\v ImcW°m¿. Fs¥∂m¬ cWamWv . Ckv e mans\ hnIrXambn
ss^k¬ \qdWn, ]me°mSv
\n߃ Fs∂ {]iwknt°≠ AhXcn∏n°m≥ aoUnbIƒ aXvkcn®p
hcmbncp∂p. Rm≥ \n mc\msW∂ncn sIm≠ncn°ptºmƒ CØcw thZnIfn¬
apkv e nw]£Øp\n∂v ]s¶Sp∏n°p Rm≥ kvt\lkwhmZØns≥d Hcp
°nepw Cu AXnt{ijvTcmb At∏mkv
∂XmIs´ hnjb߃ th≠cq]Øn¬ kvYncw hmb\°mcnbmWv. CkvemanI
Xe∑mtc°mƒ H´pw Ipd™h\√''-
{]t_m[\cwKØv "kv t \lkwhmZ'-
(sImcn¥y≥ 2 12˛11). BXva{]iwk°m hkv X p\njv T ambn AhXcn∏n°m≥
tØmfw D]Imcs∏Sp∂ as‰mcp {]kn
¿°v Hcp Ahm¿Uv \nivNbn®m¬ AXv km[n°mØhcpw. apkvenw kv{XoIƒ°v
≤oIcWhpan√ F∂mWv Rm≥ a\ n
kzoIcn°m≥ ]utemkv Btc°mfpw Ckvemw kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip∂n√ F∂v
em°p∂Xv. kv{XoIsfbpw Ip´nIsfbpw
H´pw ]n-∂n-e√ F∂v ]utemkns≥d hcpØnØo¿°p∂Xn\pth≠n `uXnI
{]tXyIw BI¿jn°p∂XcØnep≈
teJ\ßfneqsS a\ nem°mw. tbip hmZnIfpw apkvenw \ma[mcnIfpw a‰v
efnXamb krjvSnIsfm∂pw "kwhmZ'
Xs≥d PohnXImeØv sXcs™SpØv hna¿iIcpw D∂bn°p∂ c≠v lZokp
Øn¬ ImWmØXn¬ ]cn`hap≠v .
am¿K\n¿tZi߃ \¬Inb Xs≥d IfmWv NphsS sImSp°p∂Xv. ""ssIIm
]cnlcn°pat√m. ]{Xm[n]¿°pw a‰v
injy¿°v e`n°mØ A\p{Klw cyI¿XrXzw kv { Xosb G¬]n® Hcp {]h¿ØI¿°pw A`n\µ\߃.
tbiphns\ Xs≥d PohnXImeØv kaqlhpw hnPbn°pIbn√''. ""aq∂v Imcy
kp¬Øm\ sI.Fw, \neºq¿
 Cltem-Iw- CSØm-hfw-
A_q-- ap-^o-Zv-

\_n- (k)- ]d™p-: ""\o- Cltem-IØv- Hcp- hn-tZin-sbt∏m-

_p-Jm-cn
se Bhp-I; As√¶n¬- Hcp- hgn-bm-{X°m-cs\t∏m-se''.--

Cltem-Iw-; P\n-ar-Xn-Iƒ-°n-Sbn-se Ahcn¬- `u-Xn-I Po-hn-XtØm-Sp-≈ AanX t\Sm≥- i{Xp-\n-cIfn-te°v- ]m-™Sp-Øp.-

Bhm-ktI{µw.- AXn-se Po-hn-Xw- im-iz- Im-a\ C√m-bv-a sNøp-hm-\pw- ]ctem-I Dlv-Zv-bp-≤Øn-se Hcp- \n¿-Wm-bI \n-
Xa√.- hfsc ssZ¿-Ly-ap-≈Xp-a√.- GXm- hn-PbØn-\m-bp-≈ A`n-\n-thiw- k∂nth an-jØn¬- i{Xp-hn-\p-t\sc ap-t∂dp-∂Xn-
\pw- h¿-j߃- am-{Xw.- F¶n-epw- a\p-jy≥- in-∏n-°p-hm-\pw- Ign-™p- F∂p-≈Xm-Wv.- Sn-bn¬- A\kv_ - n≥- \fv¿ (d)-,- kAZv_
- n≥-
Zp-c`n-am-\Øn-s≥-dbpw- Al¶m-cØn-s≥d Xm-¬-°m-en-Im-hiy-Øn-\v- A\y-tZi ap-BZn (d)- -s\ I≠p-ap-´n.- At±lw- ]d
bpw- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bn¬- Ibdn-\n-∂v- Xm-\n-hn- Øp-sN∂ Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn- Ahn-sS kv-Yew- ™p-: "kAZv-! A√m-lp-hn-s\s°m-≠v-
sS im-iz-X\m-sW∂ a´n¬- hn-cm-Pn-°p-∂p.- hm-ßn- ho-Sp-sh°m-s\m-cp-ßn-√.- F{Xbpw- kXyw-; F\n-°v- Dlv-Zv aebp-sS Zn-ibn¬-
[m¿-an-I \n-baßfpw- kZm-Nm-ckw-ln- s]s´∂v- Bhiyw- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°n- kz-tZi \n- ∂ v - kz¿- K Øn- s ≥- d ]cn- a fw- A\p-
XIfpw- X®p-XI¿-°p-∂p.- Pm-Xn-bp-sSbpw- tØ°v- aSßm≥- Abmƒ- shº¬-sIm- `hs∏Sp-∂p'-.- Cßs\ ]d™v- At±lw-
aXØn-s≥-dbpw- h¿-KØn-s≥-dbpw- h¿- ≈pw.- Hcp- hgn-bm--{X°m-c≥- £o-WaI‰m≥- bp-≤`q-an-bn-te°v- Ip-Xn-®p.- bp-≤°fØn
WØn-s≥-dbpw- tZiØn-s≥-dbpw- `m-jbp- acØWen-tem- k{XØn-tem- Xßp-tºm ¬-\n-∂pw- At±lØn-s≥-d PUw- Is≠
sSbpw- I£n-cm-jv{- So-bØn-s≥-dbp-sam-s° ƒ- Abm- f p- s Sbpw- a\ n¬- F{Xbpw- Øn-bt∏mƒ- AXn¬- F¨-]Xn-tesd apdn-
t]cn¬- tNm-c∏p-gIƒ- Hgp-°p-∂p.- AsX,- thKw- ho-´n¬- Xn-cn-s®ØWsa∂m-bn-cn hp- I fp- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p.- At±lØn- s ≥- d
hn- d °m- Ø ssIItfm- s S,- Ad°m- Ø °pw.- AXp-t]m-sebm-bn-cn-°Ww- Hcp- ktlm-Zcn-°v- am-{Xsa ar-XtZlw- Xn-cn-®dn-
a\t m-sS Ab¬-hm-kn-bp-sS Igp-Øn¬- kXy-hn-izm-kn- Cltem-IØv- Po-hn-t° bm≥- Ign-™p-≈q-!
\n-∂pw- Xeth¿-s]Sp-Øp-∂p.- Iq-´p-Im- ≠Xv.- acWsa∂ bm-Ym¿-Yyw- ad∂p-sIm- CØcØn-ep-≈ \n-ch[n- [otcm-Zm-
cs≥d s\©n-te°v- shSn-bp-≠bp-Xn¿-°p- ≠v- Chn-sS im-iz-Xs\∂a´n¬- Po-hn-°cp- Økw-`h߃- Ncn-{XØn¬-\n-∂pw- D≤cn-
∂p.- \n-c]cm-[n-Ifp-sS ico-c߃- kv-t^m- Xv.- \Ωƒ- shdpw- hgn-bm-{X°m-cm-Wv.- °m-\m-hpw.- sFln-Iam-b Fs¥¶n-epw-
S\Øn-eq-sS On-∂`n-∂am°p-∂p.- C∂s√¶n¬- \m-sf aStß≠n-hcpw.- \ap- t\´tam- Bscm-sS¶n-ep-ap-≈ hn-tZz-jtam-
\n-an-j߃-°p-≈n¬- h‰n-t∏m-Ip-∂ °v- Cjv-Sam-sW¶nepw-- As√¶n-epw- \n¿- shdp-t∏m- A√m-bn-cp-∂p- Ahsc AXn-\v-
ln-a_n-µp-t]m-sebm-Wv- sFln-I Po-hn- _\v[ - am-b aS°w-.- \ap-°v- CjvS- ap-≈ ka t{]cn-∏n-®Xv.- hn-izm-k kw-c£WØn-\v-
Xsa∂pw- AXn-\m¬- AXv- Xo-cpw-ap-ºv- bhpw- Zn-hkhpw- t\m-°m-sXbp-≈ aS°w.- hn-Lm-Xw- \n¬-°p-Ibpw- A{Ian-°m-s\m-
{kjv-Sm-hn-s≥-d hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ- A\p- Im-cWw-,- B aS°Zn-hkhpw- kabhpw- Xo- cp-sº´p-hcn-Ibpw- sNbv-Xhtcm-Sm-Wv- Ah
kcn-®v- Po-hn-XsØ {Ias∏Sp-ØWsa∂pw- cp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv- \Ωf√;- {kjv-Sm-hm-Wv.- tc‰p- a p- ´ n- b Xv . - AXm- I s´ ]ctemI
Aßs\ BXv-a kw-Xr-]v-Xn-tbm-sS acn-®v- ssZhhn-izm-kn-Ifpw- ssZh\n-tj[n-Ifp- c£°p-th≠n-am-{Xhpw.-
]ctem-I hn-PbØn-\v- ]m-{Xo-`q-Xcm-Im≥- sam- s ° Ah\h\v - \n- i v - N bn- ° s∏´
\_n- (k)- ] d™p- : ""Bsc¶n- e pw-
{ian-°Wsa∂pw- Ckv-emw- a\p-jy-sc DZv- kabw-hcp-tºmƒ- aSßn-t∏m-tb Xo-cq.-
Cltem-IsØ kv-t\ln-®m¬- ]ctem-
t_m- [ n- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p.- Cltem- I Øn- s ≥- d Cu- bm-Ym¿-Yyw- a\ n-em-°n-b {]hm- IØv- AXv- \jv-Sap-≠m-°pw.- Bsc¶n-epw-
ss\an-jn-IXsb°p-dn-®v- t_m-[ap-≈ Hcp- NIkJm-°fp-sS Zr-jv-Sn-bn¬- eu-InI ]ctem-IsØ kv-t\ln-®m¬- Cltem-
a\p-jy≥- \tSkq-Nn-∏n-®XcØn¬- Xm- Xm¬-]cy-ßfpw- e£y-ßfpw- A{][m-\am- IØv- AXv- \jv-Sap-≠m-°pw.- AXp-sIm-
t¥m-∂n-bm-bn- Po-hn-°m≥-Xcan-√.- kIe bn-Øo¿-∂p.- kºØp-≈h¿- DZm-cam-bn- ≠v- \in-°p-∂Xn-t\°mƒ- tijn-°p-∂Xn-
hn-[ A[¿-aØn-s≥-dbpw- Bƒ-cq-]ßfm- [¿-aw- sNbv-Xp.- kwkm-cØn¬,- {]h¿- \v- \n-߃- {]m-[m-\yw- \¬-Ip-I''- (Alv-
bn-cp-∂ Hcp- P\XXn-sb \n-jv-If¶cpw- Ø\ßfn¬- kq-£v-aX ]p-e¿-Øn.- hn-izm- aZv,- ss_lJn)-.-
kZm- N m- c \n- j v - T cp- a m- ° n- Ø o¿- ° p- h m≥- kkw- c £Wm¿- Y w- bp- ≤ w- sNtø≠n-
\_n- (k)- ° v - km- [ n- ® Xn- s ≥- d ]n- ∂ n¬- h∂t∏mƒ- kz¿-Ksa∂ A¥n-a e£yw-
]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-....-

hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥-
Im-em-Xn-h¿Øn-bm-b thZ{KŸw-
Im-em-Xn-h¿-Øn-bm-b thZ{K\v-Yam-Wv- Jp¿-B≥.- im-kv-{X km-t¶Xn-I cwKßfn-ep
≈ am-\hcm-in-bp-sS hn-πhIcam-b ap-t∂‰ßƒ-°p-ap-ºn¬- ASn-]Xdm-sX APøambn-
\n-e\n¬-°p-∂ thZ{K\vY - w.- AXn-s≥-d `m-jbpw- km-ln-Xy-hpw- ka¿Y\co-Xn-bpw- BJym
\hpw- Bibßfpw- [m¿-an-IXbp-sa√mw- AZzn-Xo-bhpw- A{]am-Zn-Xhp-am-Wv.- Jp¿-B\n\v-
Xp-ey-am-bn- Jp¿-B≥- am-{Xsabp-≈q.- ssZhn-I {K\vYØn-s≥-d Cu- APøX •m-\n-sbm∂pw-
hcm-sX Fs∂∂pw- \n-e\n¬-°pw,- Xo¿-®.- AXn-s≥-d kw-c£Ww- A√m-lp-Xs∂ Gs‰Sp-
ØXm-Wt√m-.- ""Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \mam-Wv- B DXv-t_m-[\w- AhXcn-∏n-®Xv.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw-
\mw- AXn-s\ Im-Øp-kq£n-°p-∂Xp-am-Wv''- (Jp¿-B≥- 15:9)-F∂v- k¿-hiIv-X≥- ]dbp
tºmƒ- AXv- tIhew- A£cßfp-sS am-{Xw- kw-c£Wam-sW∂v- Icp-Xm≥-hø.- Jp¿B
\n-s≥-d A{]amZn-Xz-hpw- APøXbpw- AZzn-Xo-bXbp-sa√mw- k¿-hPv-Rs≥-d kwc£
WØn-emWv.- Ahsb hkvX - p-\n-jvT
- am-bn- tNm-Zyw- sNøm≥- Hcmƒ-°pw- Hcp-Im-eØpw-
Ignbn√; Abmƒ- F{XXs∂ kn-≤ssh`hap-≈ _p-≤n-bpsS DSakv-Y\m-sW¶n-epw.-
B[p-\n-IIm-eØn-s≥-d am-\ZWvU - ßfn¬- {][m-\s∏´Xm-bn- hy-hlcn-®p-t]m-cp-∂Xv-
im-kv{- XsØbm-Wv.- am-\hcm-in-°v- im-kv{- Xw- \¬-In-b kw-`m-h\Ifn¬- {][m-\s∏´Xmb
km-t¶Xn-I hn-Zy-bp-sS kzm-[o-\w- C∂v- GsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw- ssZ\w-Zn-\ Po-hn-XØn-s≥-d
F√m- Xp-dIfn-epw- {]ISam-Wv.- AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ imkv-{XtØm-Sp-≈ A`n-\n-thiw-
F√m- Xeßfn-ep-ap-≈ Bfp-Ifn¬- s]m-Xp-hm-bn -I≠p-hcp-∂Xm-Wv.- im-kv-{Xo-bam-b
am-\ZWv-U߃- D]tbm-Kn-®v- F√m-‰n-s≥-dbpw- kXy-X \n¿-Wbn-°p-hm-\p-≈ Xz-cbpw-
kaq-lØn-seßpw- hym-]Iam-Wv.- Jp¿B≥-˛ im-kv-{X ]T\߃- {]kIv-Xam-Ip-∂Xv-
Cu-sbm-cp- `q-an-Ibn-em-Wv.- ]Xn\m-ev- \q-‰m≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv- tem-Iw- {ihn-® Hcp- {K\vY
Øn¬,- Adn-hn-s≥-d GXv- am\ZWv-Ußfp-sS shfn®Øn¬- t\m-°n-bm-epw,- \n-ch[n-
A_≤ßfp-≠m-th≠Xm-Wv.- B[p-\n-Iam-b A¿-YØn-ep-≈ im-kv{- Xw- ap-fs]m-´p-It]m-
epw- sNbv-Xn-´n-√m-Xn-cp-∂ Im-esØ A_≤ [m-cWIfp-sS kzm-[o-\w- {]kv-Xp-X {K\vY
ßfn-ep-≠m-tI≠Xm-Wv.- F∂m¬- AXv-`p-Xw-! H∂c kl{km-_v-ZtØm-fam-bn- am\hcm-
in-bp-sS I¿-W]p-Sßfn¬- Bh¿-Øn-®v- {]Iº\w- kr-jv-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ Jp¿-B≥-
kq-Iv-Xßfn¬- bm-sXm-cp-hn-[ A_≤ßfp-an-√.- Hscm-‰ A_≤w-t]m-epw....-!! a\p-jy-
\p-am-bn- _\v-[s∏´ Hcp-hn-[sa√m- {]m-]©n-I {]Xn-`m-kßsf°p-dn-®pw- Jp¿-B≥- {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.- F∂n-´pw- bm-sXm-cp-hn-[ A_≤ßfp-an-s√∂v- Jp¿-B\n-\v- am-{Xw- AhIm-
is∏Sm≥- Ign-bp-∂ khn-tijXbm-Wv.- GXv- im-kv-{Xo-b am-\ZWv-Uap-]tbm-Kn-®m-Wv-
Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d AXp-ey-am-b Cu- khn-tijXsb hym-Jym-\n-°m-\m-hp-I.....?-
Jp¿-B\n-I ]cm-a¿-ißfp-sS im-kv-{Xo-bam-b Ir-Xy-Xsb°p-dn-® ]T\w- AXn-s≥d
Aam-\p-jn-IXsb°p-dn-® At\z-jWØn-s≥-d `m-Kam-Wv.- k¿-hiIvX - \√m-sX a‰m¿°pw-
Jp¿-B\n-s\t∏m-sesbm-cp- {K\v-Yw- AhXcn-∏n-°m-\m-hn-s√∂ hkv-Xp-X hy-Iv-Xam-°p-
∂hbm-Wv- {]kv-Xp-X ]T\ßsf√mw-Xs∂.- AØcw- Hm-tcm- ]T\ßfpw- ]Xn-\m-ev-
\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv- Jp¿-B≥- \SØn-b sh√p-hn-fn-bp-sS A¿-Y- ]q¿-Wn-abm-Wv- hnfnt®m-
Xp-∂Xv.-
""\Ωp-sS Zm-k\v- \mw- AhXcn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXn-s\ (hn-ip-≤Jp¿-Bs\)-]‰n- \n-߃-
kw-ibm-ep-°fm-sW¶n¬- AXn-t≥-dXp-t]m-ep-≈ Hc[ym-bsa¶n-epw- \n-߃- sIm-≠p-
hcn-I.- A√m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-dsa \n߃-°p-≈ klm-bn-Isfbpw- hn-fn-®p-sIm-≈p-I.- \n߃-
kXy-hm-∑m-cm-sW¶n¬- (AXm-Wt√m- th≠Xv).- \n-߃-°Xv- sNøm≥- Ign-™n-s√¶n¬-
˛\n-߃-°Xv- Hcn-°epw sNøm≥- Ign-bp-Ibp-an-√˛ a\p-jy-\pw- I√p-Ifpw- C\v-[\ambn-
IØn-°s∏Sp-∂ \cIm-Kv\ - n-sb \n-߃- Im-Øp-kq-£n-®p-sIm-≈p-I.- kXy-\n-tj[nIƒ-
°p-th≠n- Hcp-°s∏´Xm-Ip-∂p- AXv''- (Jp¿-B≥-: 2:23,-24)-.-
Ckv-em-an-I {]t_m-[\cw-KØv- Gsd D]tbm-Kn-°s∏Sp-∂hbm-Wv- Jp¿-B≥˛imkv-
{X ]T\߃.- F∂m¬- Cu- cw-KØv- {]t_m-[I¿- Gsd {i≤n-t°≠ \n-ch[n-Im-cy
ßfp-≠v.- im-kv{- XØn-\\p-kcn-®v- Jp¿-B≥- hm-Iy-ßsf hym-Jym-\n-°p-hm≥- {ian-°p∂Xv-
£¥hy-a√.- im-kv-{Xsa∂v- tIƒ-°p-tºm-tg°v- AXn-\v- ]n-∂n-tem-Sm-\p-≈ {]hWXbpw-
A]ISIcam-Wv.- BXy-¥n-I bm-Ym¿-Yy-ßsf°p-dn-® Adn-hn-\v- im-kv-{XØn-s≥-d
am¿K߃- Xo-sc A]cym-]v-Xam-sW∂ hkv-Xp-Xbpw- \mw- ad∂p-Iq-Sm.- im-kv-{XØn-\v-
AXn-s≥-d taJebn¬-Xs∂ ]cn-an-Xn-Ifp-s≠∂ hkv-Xp-X C∂v- im-kv-{XZm¿-i\n-I∑m-
sc√mw- Aw-Ko-Icn-®n-´ps≠∂ Im-cy-hpw- \Ωp-sS a\ n-ep-≠m-hWw.- im-kv{- Xtem-IsØ
]p-cm-X\am-b \n-Ka\߃-t]m-epw- im-kv-{Xo-b hkv-Xp-XIfm-sW∂ a´n¬- \mw-
hyhlcn-®p-Iq-Sm.- Np-cp-°Øn¬- Jp¿-B≥-˛im-kv-{X ]T\߃- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d Aam\p-
jn-IXsb a\ n-em-°p-∂Xn¬- am-{Xw- HXp-ßWw.- AX√m-sX hn-ip-≤ hN\ßsf
kz-¥w- Xm¬-]cy-{]Im-cw- hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂Xn-t\m- im-kv-{X kn-≤m-¥ßƒ-°\p-kcn-®v-
hfs®m-Sn-°p-∂Xn-t\m- th≠n-bp-≈ X´Iam-bn-°q-Sm.- {]Xn-^ew- {]Xo-£n-®v- sNøp∂
Im-cy-߃- in-£°v- \n-an-Øam-Im-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- {i≤n-°Wat√m.-
 tUm.- ]n.-sI.- A_v-Zp-dkm-Jv- kp-√an-

Astronomy-tPym-Xn-imkv-{Xw- N{µ∑m-cpw- kq-cy-∑m-cpw-

{]]©kr-jSv- nsb∏‰n-bp-≈ hn-PR v- m-im-Jbm-Wv- {]]t©m Hcp- kq-cy-\pw- Hcp- N{µ\pw- am-{Xtabp-≈q- F∂v- im-kv-
¬-]Øn- hn-PvR - m-\o-bw- (Cosmogony). 40,-000 In.-ao.- Np-‰fhp≈ {Xtem-Iw- [cn-®n-cp-∂ {In-kvX - m-_vZ- w- Ggmw- \q-‰m-≠n-em-Wv- Jp¿-
`q-an- F∂ tKm-fØn¬- \mw- Po-hn-°p-∂p.- CXv- kz-¥w- {]Imian- B≥- Cdßn-bXv.- F∂m¬- kq-cy≥- H∂v- am-{Xas√∂pw- \£
√m-Ø tKm-fam-Wv- AYhm- {Klam-Wv.- CXv- kq-cy-s\ Np-‰ns°m- {Xßsf√mw- kq-cy-s\t]m-ep-≈hbm-sW∂pw- `q-an-°p-≈ Hcp-
≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw- kz-bw- Xn-cn-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p.- N{µ≥- am-{Xa√,- a‰v {Kl߃-°pw- N{µ∑m-cp-s≠∂pw- kq-Nn-
kq-cy-s\ G‰hpw- ASp-Øp-Iq-Sn- Np-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ BImi ∏n-®p-sIm-≠v- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂p-:
tKm-fam-Wv- _p-[≥- AYhm -Mercury. c≠m-atØXv- ip-{I≥- ""Ahs≥-d (ssZhØn-s≥-d)- Zr-jSv- m-¥ßfn¬-s]´Xm-Wv- kq-
AYhm- Venus. aq-∂m-atØXv- \Ωp-sS `q-an- (Earth). ]n-∂o-Sv- cy-\pw- N{µ\pw- cm-hpw- ]Iepw.- \n-߃- kq-cy-t\m- N{µt\m-
AIe{IaØn¬-˛sNm-∆ (Mars), hym-gw- (Jupiter), i\n- (Sat- kmjvS- mw-Kw- sNøcp-Xv.- Ahsb kr-jvS- n-® A√m-lp-hn-\v- kmjv-
urn), bp-dm-\kv- (Uranus), s\]v-Syq¨- (Neptune), πq-t´m- (Pl Smw-Kw- sNøp-hn≥''- (41:37).-
uto). ]Øm-asØ {Klw- Is≠Øn- F∂v- dn-t∏m¿-´p-Ifps≠¶n- Hcp- kq-cy-\pw- Hcp- N{µ\pw- am-{Xtabp≈q- F∂mWv- hn-iz
epw- Iq-Sp-X¬- kv-Yn-co-IcWw- e`n-®n-´n-√.- Cu- 9 {Kl߃-°pw- kn-°p-∂sX¶n-¬-- "JeJlp-∂'- F∂Xn-\v- ]Icw- "JeJlpam'-
N{µ∑m¿- D≠v.- Ahsb D]{Kl߃- (Satellites) F∂v- ]dbp F∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- ]dtb≠Xv.- Im-cWw- cs≠ÆsØ Ip-dn-
∂p.- _p-[\pw- ip-{I\pw- N{µ∑m¿- C√.- `q-an-°v H∂p-w,- - sNm∆°v- °p-∂ k¿-∆\m-aw- "lp-am'- F∂m-Wv.- At∏mƒ-- kq-cy-∑m-scbpw-
c≠p-w-,- hym-gØn-\v- ]Xn-\m-dp-w-,- i\n-°v- Ccp-]Xpw-,- bp-dm-\kn\v- N{µ∑m-scbpw- kr-jv-Sn-® \m-Ys≥-d {K\v-Yam-Wn-Xv- F∂v hyIv-
]Xn-t\-gp-w-,- s\]v-SyqWn-\- v- F´pw-,- πq-t´mhn-\- v- H∂pw- ho-Xw- N{µ Xam-Wv.-
∑m¿- D≠v-.- CXn-\v- ]p-dsa sNm-∆bp-sSbpw- hym-gØn-s≥-dbpw
{]]©Øn-s≥-d kr-jv-Sn-
CSbn¬- kq-cy-s\ Np-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ Asteroids (On∂{K
l߃)-- GItZiw- 600 FÆap-≠v. CXn-s\m-s° ]pdsa At\ {]]©kr-jv-Snsb∏‰n- H∂n-e[n-Iw- kn-≤m-¥ßƒ- \ne
Iw- hm¬-\£{Xßfpw- ku-cbq-YØn-eq-sS IS∂p-t]m-Ip∂p≠v.- \n¬-°p-∂p-s≠¶n-epw- Bdv- L´ßfn-em-bn-´m-Wv- \£{X߃,-
{Kl߃,- `q-an,- D]{Kl߃- Xp-Sßn-b F√mw- Dƒ-s°m- sh∂pw- F∂n-´v- \mw- Ahsb th¿-s]Sp-Øp-Ibm-Wp≠m-
≈p-∂ {]]©w- kr-jv-Sn-°s∏´sX∂v- im-kv-{Xw- kn-≤m- bsX∂pw- kXy-\n-tj[n-Iƒ- I≠n-t√?-''- (21:30).-
¥n-®n-´n-√.- F∂m¬- Jp¿-B\n¬- Ggv- kv-Yeßfn¬- 1920Ifn¬- cq-]w-sIm-≠ alm-hn-kvt- ^m-S\kn-≤m-¥w-
C°m-cyw- ]dbp-∂p-: (Bigbang Theory) BWv- ]cs° Adn-bs∏´Xv.- tPm¿Pv-
""BIm-ißfpw- `q-an-bpw- Ah°n-Sbn-ep-≈Xpw- \mw- Km-tam,- dm¬-^v- B¬-^¿- F∂o- im-kv-{XPv-R∑m-cm-Wv-
Bdv- Zn-hkßfn¬- kr-jv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- bm-sXm-cp- £o- Cu- kn-≤m-¥Øn-s≥-d ap-Jy- hIv-Xm-°ƒ.- Cu- kn-≤m-
Whpw- \sΩ _m-[n-®n-´p-an-√''- (Jp-¿-B≥-: 50:38)-.- ¥{]Im-cw- {]]©w- At\Iw- an-ey≥- h¿-j߃-°v- apºv-
Zn-hk߃- F∂v- aebm-fØn¬- A¿-Yw- ]d™Xn\v- GItZiw- 15 In.-ao.- am-{Xw- hym-kap-≈ Hcp- ]n-Wv-Uam-
Jp¿-B≥- D]tbm-Kn-® ]Zw- "Aøm-ap≥'- F∂m-Wv.- CXv- bn- AXn-`b¶cam-b Hcp- km-{µXbn¬- sRcn-™a¿-∂v-
bu-ap≥- F∂ ]ZØn-s≥-d _lp-hN\am-Wv.- bu-ap≥- \n¬-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p-.-- ]n-∂o-Sv- AXn-ep-≠m-b Hcp- alm-
F∂Xn-\v- Zn-hkw- F∂v- A¿-Yap-s≠¶n-epw- \Ωp-sS 24 hn-kv-t^m-S\sØ Xp-S¿-∂v- ]e `m-KtØ°pw- NnXdn-b
aWn-°q-dn-s≥-d Zn-kßf√.- CØcw- Znhk߃- Xp-Sßp- Ijv-Wßfn¬- H∂v- ]p-dw-tXm-Sv- Dd®v- `q-an-bm-bn-Øo¿-
∂Xp-Xs∂ kq-cy-\pw- `q-an-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-°s∏Sp-Ibpw- `q- ∂p.- a‰p-≈h {Klßfpw- \£{Xßfp-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.-
an-bp-sS Zn-\Ne\w- {Iao-Icn-°s∏Sp-Ibpw- sNbvX {]]t©m¬-]Øn- hn-PvR - m-\o-bØn¬- G‰hpw- IqSp-X¬-
tijam-Wv.- {]]© kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS ssZ¿-Ly-sØ∏‰n- kzm-[o-\w- In-´n-b kn-≤m-¥am-Wn-Xv.- H‰ {Zhy-am-bn- \n-
A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂p-: esIm-≠ BZn-a ]n-Wv-U (Celestial sphere) sØ]‰n-
bm-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- dXv-Jv- F∂v- ]d™Xv.-
""Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \n-s≥-d c£n-Xm-hn-s≥-dbSp-°¬- Hcp-
Zn-hkw- F∂m¬-- \n-߃- FÆn-hcp-∂Bbn-cw- sIm-√w- \m-ev- {]ap-J im-kv-{XPv-R∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- 1976 am¿-®n-
t]m-sebm-Ip-∂p''- (Jp¿-B≥-: 22:47)-.- se Scientific American¬- Fgp-Xn-b Hcp- teJ\Øn¬-
C{]Im-cw- Im-Wmw-:
{]]©sØ Zo¿-Lam-b Bdv- bp-Kßfn-em-bn-´m-Wv-
A√m-lp- kr-jv-Sn-®Xv F∂¿-Yw.- B kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS L´ Thus it appears that the Universe began from a state
hpw- A√m-lp- hn-iZo-Icn-°p-∂p.- of indefinite density about one hubble time ago. Space
and time were created in that event and so was all the
""\o- ]dbp-I: c≠v- L´ßfn-em-bn- `q-an-sb kr-jv-Sn-
matter in the Universe.
®h\n¬- \n-߃- Ahn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw- Ah\v- \n-߃-
ka∑m-sc kv-Ym-]n-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-Ibm-tWm?- Ah\m- "A\¥am-b Afhn¬- km-{µam-bn-cp-∂ Hcp- Ahkv-
Ip-∂p- tem-Ißfp-sS c£n-Xm-hv''- (41:9)-.- Ybn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- {]]©w- DXv-`hn-®sX∂m-Wv- hy-Iv-Xam-
Ip-∂Xv.- GItZiw- Hcp- l_vƒ- kabw-ap-ºm-Wv- CXv-
`q-an-sb kr-jv-Sn-® c≠v- L´ßƒ- GsX√m-am-sW∂v-
\S∂Xv.- kv-Yehpw- Im-ehpw- B kw-`htØm-sSbm-Wv-
A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂p-:
kr-jv-Sn-°s∏´Xv.- A{]Im-cw-Xs∂ {]]©Øn-se ap-
""BIm-ißfpw- `q-an-bpw- H´n-t®¿-∂Xm-bn-cp-∂p- gp≥- ]Zm¿-Yhpw-'- (Will the Universe expand for ever.
Scientific American. March 76). AXm-Wv- BIm-i`q-an-
Ifp-sS kr-jv-Sn-bn-se H∂mw-L´w.- ^Xzv-Jv- F∂m-Wv-
AXn-ep-≠m-b th¿-s]Sp-ج- AYhm- alm-hn-kv-t^m-
S\Øn-\v- Jp¿-B≥- D]tbm-Kn-® ]Zw.- AXm-Wv- c≠mw-
L´w.- ]¿-hXßfp-sS kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv- aq-∂mw-L´w.- Hm-Iv-
kn-P≥- Dƒ-s∏Sp-∂ hm-bp-aWv-Uew- Po-hs≥-d \n-e\n¬-
]n-\v- ]‰n-bXcØn-ep-≈ anXio-tXm-jW v- m-hkvY- Xp-Sßn-
b Im-cy-ßfn-eq-sS `q-an-°v- A`n-hr-≤n-bp-≠m-°p-Ibpw-
sh≈Øn-s≥-d kr-jv-Sn-,- kky-߃- ap-f∏n-°m≥- ]‰nb
cq-]Øn-¬- aÆn-s≥-d LS\ icn-s∏Sp-ج,- amwk
`£Whpw- kky-`£Whpw- a\p-jy-\v- In-´Ø°hn-
s\_p-e [Øn¬- `q-an-sb hy-hkv-Ys∏Sp-ج- F∂n-h \m-emw-
L´Øn¬s]Sp-∂p.- A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂p-:
s\_p-eIfp-sS t^m-t´m-I≠m¬- ""AXn¬- (`q-an-bn¬)- AXn-s≥-d D]cn-`m-KØv- Dd®v-
\n¬-°p-∂ ]¿-hX߃- kv-Ym-]n-°p-Ibpw- AXn¬- A`n-
\ap°dn-bmw- Ah ]p-Ibp-sS cq-]Øn- hr-≤n-bp-≠m-°p-Ibpw- AXn-se Blm-c߃- Ahn-sS
em-sW∂v.- km-[m-cW°m¿-°v-Iq-Sn- hy-hkv-Ys∏Sp-Øn-sh°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- (`q-an-
a\ n-em-hp-∂XcØn-ep-≈ ]Zam-Wv- bp- s S kr- j v - S n- b pw- C°m- c y- ß fpw- Iq- S n)- \m- e v -
Jp¿-B≥- D]tbm-Kn-®Xv.- L´ßfnem-bn-´m-Wv- (Ah≥- sNbvX - Xv).- Bhiy-°m¿°v-
(At\z-jI¿-°v)- icn-bm-b A\p-]m-XØn¬''-- (41:10)-.-
F{XtIm-Sn- a\p-jy¿- `q-an-bn¬- s]cp-In-bm-epw- Ah¿- lmhm-bn-bn-se am-Iv-kv-sh¬- sSekv-tIm-∏n-eq-sS D]cn-
tXSn-∏n-Sn-°m≥- Xbm-dm-sW¶n¬- Bhiy-am-b Po-hn-X tem-IZ¿-i\w- \SØp-∂ tKm-fim-kv-{XPv-R∑m¿-°v-
hn-`h߃- D≠m°m-\p-≈ F√m- Hcp-°ßfpw- A√mlp- Ign™p.-
Xbm-dm-°n-sh®n-cn-°p-∂p.- P\kw-Jy- h¿-[n-°p-∂Xn¬- s\_p-eIfp-sS t^m-t´m-I≠m¬- \ap-°dn-bmw- Ah
sh{]m-fs∏Sm-sX `q-an-bn-se hn-`h߃- icn-bm-b cq] ]p-Ibp-sS cq-]Øn-em-sW∂v.- km-[m-cW°m¿-°v-Iq-Sn-
Øn¬- Is≠Øp-Ibpw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-Ibm- a\ n-em-hp-∂XcØn-ep-≈ ]Zam-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- D]tbm-
Wv- th≠Xv.- _kn¬- Ibdn-bh¿- C\n- _kv- \n¿-Øp Kn-®Xv.- s\_p-eIfn¬-\n-∂v- \£{X߃- kr-jv-Sn°
Itbm- a‰p-≈hsc Ib‰p-Itbm- th≠ F∂v- B{Kln s∏´Xm-Wv- Bdmw-L´w.- Xp-S¿-∂p-≈ kq-IX v- Øn¬- A√m
°p-∂XcØn-ep-≈ kzm¿-YXbm-Wv- B[p-\n-I `cWIq- lp- ]dbp-∂p: ""F∂n-´v- AXn-t\m-Spw- (]p-Itbm-Spw)- `qan-
Sßfpw- hy-Iv-Xn-Ifpw- ssIs°m-≈p-∂Xv.- tbm-Spw- Ah≥- ]d™p-: \n-߃- c≠pw- A\p-kcW]q¿
`q-an-°v- ]p-dsabp-≈ D]cn-aWv-Ue߃- F√mw-Iq- htam- \n¿-_\v-[n-Xam-tbm- hcnI.- Ah c≠pw- ]d™p:
Sn-bm-Wv- "kam-Av'- F∂ ]Zw-sIm-≠v- Dt±in-°p-∂Xv. Rßfn-Xm- A\p-kcW]q¿-hw- h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.- Aßs\
Ahbp-sS kr-jv-Sn- c≠v- L´ßfn-em-bn-´m-Wv- ]q¿-Øn- c≠v- L´ßfn-em-bn- Ahsb Ah≥- Ggv- BIm-ißfm-
bm-°n-bXv.- Jp¿-B≥- ]dbp-∂p-: °n-Øo¿-Øp''- (41:11).-
""AXn-∂v- ]p-dsa Ah≥- D]cn-aWvU - eØn-s≥-d t\¿ CsX√mw- im-kv-{Xw- a\ n-em-°n-b Im-cy-ßfm
°v- Xn-cn-™p.- AXv- ]p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p''- (49:11)-.- CXm-Wv- sW¶n-epw- Cu-hn-[Øn¬- Ahsb Bdv- L´ßfm-bn-
A©mw-L´w.- taL]m-fn-Iƒ-t]m-setbm- aq-S¬-a™p- th¿-Xn-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-≈ Hcp- hn-hcWw- Hscm-‰ tPym-Xn-
t]m-setbm- tXm-∂n-°p-∂ JtKm-f hkv-Xp-°fm-Wv- im-kv-{XPv-R\pw- \SØn-bn-´n-√.-
s\_p-eIƒ.- ssl{UP≥,- lo-en-bw,- ss\{SP≥,- Hm-Iv- hn-Ikn-°p-∂ {]]©w-
kn-P≥,- ^v-fq-dn≥,- t¢m-dn≥,- B¿-K¨,- \n-tbm¨,- kƒ-
Hcp- _eq-Wn¬- Ip-sd Ip-Øp-Iƒ- C´tijw- _eq¨-
^¿,- Im¬-kyw,- s]m-´m-kyw- Xp-Sßn-bhsIm-≠v- \n¿-an-
hn-Ikn--∏n-®m¬- Hm-tcm- Ip-Øp-Ifpw- at‰Xn¬-\n-∂v-
Xam-b hm-XI[q-fn-Ifm-Wv- s\_p-eIƒ.- s\_p-eIfn¬-
AI∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p-.- CXp-t]m-se Hm-tcm- KmeIv-kn-Ifpw-
\n-∂m-Wv- \£{X߃- D≠m-Ip-∂Xv- F∂v- kw-ibm-Xo-
Km-eIv-kn-°q-´ßfpw- (Clusters) XΩn¬- AIep-Ibpw-
Xam-bn- sXfn-bn-°s∏´n-´p-≠v.-
X¬-^eam bn- {]]©w- hn-Ikn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p.-
Secrets of the space F∂ ]p-kv-XIØn¬- Anthony Edwin P. Hubble F∂ s_¬-Pn-b≥- im-k{v- XPv≥- 1929em-
feldman ]dbp-∂p-: Wv- C°mcyw- Is≠Øn-bXv.- AXn-\m¬- Cu- hn-Im-kkn-
The Process by which the stars form is probably a ≤m-¥Øn\v- Hubble Theory of expanding Universe
kind of condensation. The principal force behind the F∂v- ]dbp∂p.- Jp¿-B≥- {]]©hn-Im-ksØ∏‰n-
phenominon is gravity operating between the count- t\csØ ]d™n-´p-≠v.-
less molecules of gas and dust motes in the nebula. As
an accumulation of matter builds up in a particular re- {]]© hn-Im-kw- BZn-a ]n-fiw-
gion of the nebula the beginning of a localised gravita-
tional field emerge and the process accelerates, more
material being drawn into the region by the gravita-
tional pull of the increasing buildup of dust and gas
(Secrets of spacev, page 52 Aldus Books, London).
"an-°hm-dpw- Hcp- km-{µo-IcW {]{In-bbn-eq-sSbmWv-
\£{X߃- cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.- Cu- {]Xn-`m-kØn-s≥d
]n-∂n-ep-≈ iIv-Xn- s\_p-eIfn-se FÆa‰ hm-XI
X∑m- { XIƒ- ° n- S bn- e pw- [q- f o- I cW߃- ° n- S bn- e pw-
{]h¿-Øn-°p-∂ Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-jWam-Ip-∂p.- s\_p-ebn¬- hn.-Jp-: 51:47 hn.-Jp-: 21:30
Hcp- {]tXy-I {]tZiØv- ]Zm¿-Y tI{µo-IcWw- \S°p-
tºmƒ- {]m-tZin-Iam-b Hcp- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-jWtaJe Dcp- Hcp- _eq-Wn¬- Ip-sd Ip-Øp-Iƒ- C´
Øn-cn-bm≥- Xp-Sßp-∂p.- Cu- {]{In-b Xz-cn-Xs∏Sp-Øp- tijw- _eq¨- ho¿-∏n-®m¬- Hm-tcm- Ip-Øp-
∂tXm-sS B {]tZitØ°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]Zm¿-Yw- kam
Ifpw- at‰Xn¬-\n-∂v- AI∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xp-
lcn-°s∏Sp-∂p.- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-jW_eØm¬- [q-fn-Ifp-
sSbpw- hm-XIßfp-sSbpw- tiJcw-Iq-Sn- hcp-∂p'-. t]m-se Hm-tcm- KmeIv-kn-Ifpw- Km-eIv-kn-°q-
GXm-\pw- h¿-j߃-°v- ap-ºv- `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- 1100 ´ßfpw- (Clusters) XΩn¬- AIep-Ibpw-
{]Im-ih¿-j߃- AIsebp-≈ Fw.-Pn.-kn.- 1333 F∂ X¬-^eambn- {]]©w- hn-Ikn-°p-Ibpw-
s\_pebn¬-\n-∂v- \£{Xw- ]n-d°p-∂Xv- Im-Wm≥- sNøp-∂p.-
 ""D]cn-aWvU - eam-Is´,-- \mw- AXn-s\ Icßfm¬- \n¿- F∂pw- £o-c]-Y- (Milkyway) sa∂pw- Adn-bs∏Sp-∂
an-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \mw- hn-Ikn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n- \Ωp-sS Km-eIv-kn- tI{µsØ sk°≥-dn¬- 250 In.-ao.-
cn-°p-∂h\m-Ip-∂p''- (51:47)-.- thKXbn¬- Np-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- Cßs\ Hcp- Np-‰v-
kq-cy≥- ]q¿-Øn-bm-°m≥- th≠n-hcp-∂ 25 tIm-Sn-h¿-jsØ Hcp-
tIm-kv-an-Iv- h¿-jw- (Cosmic Year) F∂v- ]dbp-∂p.-
kqcy≥- Hcp- km-[m-cW \£{Xam-Wv.- `q-an-bn¬-\n∂v-
{]]©w- kr-jSv- n-°s∏´ alm-hn-ktv- ^m-S\w- (Big Bang)
15 tIm-Sn- Intem-ao-‰¿- Zq-cw-am-{Xsa kq-cy-\n-te°p-≈q.-
kw-`hn-®Xv- ap-X¬- kq-cy≥- Dƒ-s∏sS hn-Zq-cXbn-te°v-
AYhm- 8 1/2 an-\p-´v- {]Im-iw- k©cn-°m-\p-≈ Zq-cw-
ku-cbq-YsØbpw-sIm-≠v- Ip-Xn-®p-]m-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
am-{Xw.- a‰v- \£{Xßfn¬-- G‰hpw- ASp-Øp-≈Xv- t]mepw-
Ibm-Wv.- A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂p-:
\m-teIm¬- h¿-jw- {]Im-iw- k©cn-°p-∂ Zq-cØm-Wv.-
AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv- kq-cy≥- \£{Xa√ F∂v- \ap-°v- tXm- ""kq-cy≥- AXn-\v- kv-Yn-cam-b Hcp- kv-Ym-\tØ°v-
∂p-∂Xv.- 13,-84000 In.-ao.- hym-kap-≈ kq-cy≥- Hm-tcm- k©cn-°p-∂p.- {]Xm-]n-bpw- k¿-hPv-R\p-am-b A√m-lp-
sk°≥-dn-epw- 40 e£w- S¨- Du¿-Pw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂p.- IW°m-°n-bXm-Wn-Xv''- (36:38)-.-
aq-∂v- cq-]Øn-em-Wv- kq-cy≥- Du¿-Pw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.- kn-dn-bkv-
1.- c≠v- ssl{UP≥- AWp-tI{µßƒ- tbm-Pn-®v- kq-cy-\v- ]p-dsa Jp¿-B\n¬- t]scSp-Øv- ]d™ GI
Uyq´o-cn-bhpw- AXn-t\m-Sv- as‰m-cp- ssl{UP≥- B‰hpw- \£{Xam-Wv- kn-dn-bkv.-
tN¿-∂v- lo-en-bhp-am-°p-∂p.- ""Ah≥- Xs∂bm-Wv- kn-dn-bkv- \£{XØn-s≥-d
2.- lo-en-bw- aq-∂v- km-[m-cW lo-en-bhp-am-bn- tN¿∂v- \mY≥- F∂p-ap≈ (Im-cyw- a\p-jy-\v- hn-hcw- \¬-Is∏´n-
s_dn-en-bhpw- AXv- t{]m-t´m-Wp-am-bn- tN¿-∂v- ss_tdm- ´n-t√''- (53:49)-.-
Wpw- AXv- hn-LSn-®v- lo-en-bw- B‰hpw- D≠m-Ip-∂p.- kn-dn-bkv- \£{XØn¬-\n-∂v- ]p-ds∏Sp-∂ {]Im-iw-
3.- s_dn-en-bw- Hcp- CeIv-t{Sm¨- kzo-Icn-®v- eo-Yn `q-an-bn-seØm≥ 8.-8 h¿-jw- thWw.- kq-cy-s≥-d 26 Cc´n-
bhpw- AXv- Hcp- t{]m-t´m-Wp-am-bn- tN¿-∂v- lo-en-bw- {]Im-iap-≠v- kn-dn-bkv- \£{XØn-\v.- kn-dn-bkn-s\
B‰hpw- D≠m-Ip-∂p.- GItZiw- 65 Un{Kn- sk¬-jy¬ Bcm-[n-°p-∂ Nn-e¿- ]p-cm-X\ Atd_y-bn¬- D≠m-bn-
kv- BWv- kq-cy-s≥-d AIsØ Xm-]\n-e.- kZm- Pz-en- cp-∂p.- AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv AXn-s≥-d \m-Ys\bm-Wv- Bcm-
®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ Cu- BIm-itKm-fsØ°p-dn-®m-Wv- [n-t°≠sX∂v- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.-
A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂Xv: Canis Major F∂ \£{X KWØn¬-s]´ G‰hpw-
""IØn-÷z-en-°p-∂ Hcp- hn-f°v- \mw- D≠m-°p-Ibpw- {]Im-iap-≈ \£{Xw-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- kn-dn-bkv.- AXn-\m¬-
sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p''- (78:13)-.- kn-dn-bkn-\v- Alphacanis Major F∂p-Iq-Sn- t]cv- ]dbp-
ku-cbq-YØn-s≥-d tI{µam-b kq-cy≥- BIm-iKwK ∂p.- kq-cy-t\°mƒ- hfsctbsd {]Im-iap-≠m-bn´pw-Zqcw
s
- Im-≠m-Wv- AXn-s≥-d iIvX - am-b {]Im-iw- \ap-°v- A\p-
`hs∏Sm-ØXv.- cm-{Xn-bn¬- an-°hm-dpw- Im-eßfn¬- kndn-
kn-dn-bkv- bkn-s\ \ap-°v- Im-Wm≥- Ign-bpw.-
kn-dn-bkn-s≥-d Im-¥n-am-\w- (Magnitude) ˛1.-37 BWv.-
{]Im-iXo-{hX h¿-[n-°p-∂Xn-\\p-kcn-®v- Im-¥n-am-\ kw-
Jy- Ip-dbp-Ibm-Wv- sNøp-I.-
\m-hn-I\£{X߃- (Nautical Stars)
""BIm-ißfn-ep-≈Xpw- `q-an-bn-ep-≈Xpw- A√m-lp-
\n-߃-°v- A[o-\s∏Sp-Øn- X∂n-cn-°p-∂p- F∂v- \n-߃-
I≠n-t√''- (31:20)- F∂ ssZhn-Ikq-Iv-Xw,- \ap-°v- kuI
cy-s∏Sp-w-hn-[w- BIm-ißfn-epw- `q-an-bn-epw- A√m-lp-
D≠m-°n-sh® kw-hn-[m-\ßfn-te°m-Wv- hn-c¬-Nq-≠p
CANIS MAJOR ∂Xv.- AXn¬-s]´ Hcp- kw-hn-[m-\am-Wv- hgn-Im-´n-Ifmb
\m-hn-I\£{X߃.- t\m-°n-bm¬- A‰w- Im-Wm-Ø acp
kn-dn-bkn-s\ Bcm-[n-°p-∂ Nn-e¿- `q-an-Ifn-epw- hn-P\am-b a‰v- {]tZißfn-epw- \Sp-°Sen
]pcm-X\ Atd_y-bn¬- D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- epw- hgnIs≠Øm≥- D]tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂ \£{Xßsfbm
Wv- Chn-sS hn-hcn-°p-∂Xv.-
AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv AXn-s≥-d \m-Ys\bm
{[p-h\£{Xw- (Polaris), tcm-ln-Wn,- A¬-^m-skdm-
Wv- Bcm-[n-t°≠sX∂v- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-
‰vk
- v,- Bƒ-´b¿,- Xr-t°-´,- tNm-Xn,- Xn-cp-hm-Xn-c,- AKkvXy
∂Xv.- ≥,- Xn-cp-thm-Ww,- Nn-Øn-c Xp-Sßn- 22¬-]cw- \£{Xß
fpw- {IIv-kv-t]m-ep-≈ \£{XKWßfp-w- Zn-°p-Iƒ- I
s≠Øm-\pw- hgn-sX‰m-sX k©cn-°m-\pw- k©m-cn-Isf
klm-bn-®n-cp-∂p.- `q-an- ]Sn-™m-dp-\n-∂v- In-gt°m-´v- Xncn-
bp-∂Xp-sIm-≠v- \£{X߃- ]Sn-™m-tdm-´v- \o-ßn-bXm-
bn- cm-{Xn-bp-sS BZy-Øn-epw- A¥y-Øn-epw- \£{Xß
sf \n-co-£n-®m¬- \ap-°v- tXm-∂pw.- Hcp- t_m-Un¬- Ipsd
Ip-Øp-Ifn-´tijw- t_m¿-Uv- Xn-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂m¬-
a[y-Øn-ep-≈ Ip-Øv- kv-Ym-\w- am-dm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw- a‰v-
Ip-Øp-Iƒ- a[y-Øn¬-\n-∂p-≈ AIe{Iaa\p-kcn-®v- hr
Øm-Ir-Xn-bn¬- k©cn-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p.- CXp-t]mse
`q-an-bp-sS DØc{[p-Øn-\v- ap-Ifn¬- kv-Yn-Xn-sNøp-∂
\£{Xam-bXn-\m¬- Polaris F∂ {[p-h\£{Xw- kvY
ew- am-dm-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xm-bn- \n-co-£I¿-°v- a\ n-em-°mw.-
AXn-\m¬- AXv- hS°p-`m-Kam-sW∂pw- t\sc FXn¿
Crux
hiw- sX°p-`m-Kam-sW∂pw- \ap-°v- a\ n-em-°m-at√m.-
N{Ihm-fØn¬-\n-∂v- F{X Un-{Kn- ap-Ifn-em-tWm- t]mfm-
cn-kv- AXn-\\p-kcn-®v- \n-co-£I≥- `q-a[y-tcJbn¬-\n- ""Ah\m-Wv- \n-߃-°p-th≠n- \£{Xßsf,- Icbn-
∂v- F{X AIeØn-em-sW∂pw- {Kln-°mw.- t]m-fm-cn- epw- ISen-ep-ap-≈ A\v-[Im-cßfn¬- \n-߃-°v- Ahap-
kn-s\ BIm-iØn¬- Fßs\ I≠p-]n-Sn-°mw?-- tJ\ hgn-bdn-bm≥- ]m-IØn-em-°n-Ø∂Xv.- a\ n-em-
°p-∂ Bfp-Iƒ-°v- th≠n- \m-an-Xm- Zr-jv-Sm-¥ßƒ- hn-
iZo-Icn-®n-cn-°p-∂p'' (6:97)-.-
Merak
""]e hgn-bSbm-fßfp-ap-≠v.- ]p-dsa \£{Xw- aptJ
\bpw- Ah¿- hgn- Is≠Øp-∂p''-.-
hS°v-t\m-°n-b{¥ßƒ- I≠p-]n-Sn-°s∏´tXm-sS
Dube \£{Xßfp-sS {]kIv-Xn- \jvSs∏´p- F∂v-]dbp-∂Xv-
icn-b√.- Fhn-sSbm-Wv- \n¬-°p-∂Xv,- `q-a[y-tcJbn¬-
\n-∂v- G{X AIsebm-Wv,- Ftßm-´v- \o-ßn-bm-em-Wv-
Icbn¬ FØp-I,- GXv- cm-jv-{SØn¬- FØp-w- Fs∂m-
s° \£{Xßfp-sS Right acension, Declination F∂n
h Adn-bp-∂h¿-°v- Hcp- `q-]SØn-s≥-d klm-btØmsS
\n¿-Wbn-°m≥- Ign-bpw.- B[p-\n-I I∏ep-Ifn¬- Ir{Xn-
a D]{Klßfp-sS klm-btØm-sSbm-Wv- Zn-°p-Ifpw-
Ursa Major
dq´pw- Is≠Øp-∂Xv.- F¶n-epw,- Icbn-sebpw- ISense
bpw- Iq-cn-cp-´n¬- F√m- bm-{X°m¿-°pw- D]{Kl hm¿Øm-
Nn- { XØn¬- Im- W n- ® t]m- s e Ursa Major F∂ hn-\n-abhp-am-bn- _\v-[s∏Sm≥- Ign-bn-√t√m.- Jp¿B≥-
\£{XKWØn¬- Ggv- \£{X߃- D≈Xn-\m¬- k]v- kq-Iv-X߃- F°m-eØpw- {]kIv-Xw-Xs∂.-
X¿-jn-Iƒ- F∂pw- AXn-s\ ]dbp-∂p.- AXn-se sadm- hm¬-\£{X߃-
Iv- \£{XØn¬-\n-∂v- Zp-s_ \£{XØn-eq-sS Hcp- tcJ
hc®m¬- GItZiw- A©n-c´n-- Zq-cØv- Hcp- aßn-b Chsb [q-atIXp-°ƒ- F∂pw- ]dbp-∂p.- ku-cbq-
\£{XØn-seØp-∂p.- AXm-Wv- {[p-h\£{Xw.- YØn-s≥-d ]p-dØp-\n-∂v \n-iN v- n-X Im-eßfn¬- kucbq-
Y{Kl߃-°n-Sbn-eq-sS IS∂v- kq-cy-\Sp-Øp-Iq-sS
`q-a[y-tcJ°v- sX°v- kv-Yn-Xn-sNøp-∂ sXt° IS∂v- hn-Zq-c ]YØn-te°v- \o-ßp-∂ \£{Xßfm-Wv-
Atacn-°,- B{^n-°≥- h≥-Icbp-sS sX°p-`m-K߃,- [q-a tIXp-°ƒ-.-
Bkv-t{Sen-b,- Z£n-W ]k^n-Iv- Zzo-]p-Iƒ- F∂n-hn-
Sßfn¬- {[p-h\£{XsØ Im-Wp-Ibn-√.- Ahn-sSbp- Chbv-°v- kq-cy-s≥-d FXn¿-`m-KtØ°v- \o-≠p-\n¬-
≈h¿°v- Zn- ° v - I≠p- ] n- S n- ° m≥- A√m- l p- as‰mcp- °p-∂ hm-ep-Iƒ- Im-Wmw.- kq-cy-t\m-Sv- ASp-sØØp-∂
\£{XKWsØ \n-iv-Nbn-®n-´p-≠v.- AXm-Wv- Crux Im-eßfn¬- AXn-s≥-d D]cn-XeØn-ep-≈ hkv-Xp-°ƒ-
AYhm- {Xn-i¶p.-
Cruxs≥-d cq-]am-Wv- Nn-{XØn¬- Im-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.-
""Ah\m-Wv- \n-߃-°p-th≠n- \£{Xßsf,-
Fßs\bm-bn-cp-∂m-epw- sXt°m-´v- Nq-≠n-bm-bn-cn-°pw-
{Xn- i ¶p- \n¬- ° p- ∂ Xv . - Zn- ° p- I ƒ- Is≠Øm- \ p- ≈ Icbn-epw- ISen-ep-ap-≈ A\v-[Im-cßfn¬-
ssZhnI kw-hn-[m-\sØ∏‰n- ssZhn-I hN\Øn¬- \n-߃-°v- Ahap-tJ\ hgn-bdn-bm≥-
Xs∂ ]dbp-∂p-: ]mIØn-em-°n-Ø∂Xv.-''-
 kq-cy-Xm-]ta‰v- _m-jv-]o-Icn-°s∏Spw.- Cu- _m-jv-]w- i{]Xn-`m-k߃- Zr-jv-Sm-¥am-Ip-sa∂ kq-N\ CXn¬-
icm-icn- 10 ap-X¬- 15 In-tem-ao-‰¿-hsc hym-kap-≈ lna Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p.- `q-an-bn-se PeN{IØn-se Bh¿-
]n-WU v- Øn-\v- Np-‰pw-\n-∂v- kq-cy-Xm-]ta‰v- sh´n-Øn-fßpw.- Ø\am-Wv- Cu- BbØn-s≥-d Dt±iy-w- F∂p-]d™
kq-cy-\n¬-\n-∂p-≈ hn-In-cW a¿-Zta‰v- Ip-sd hmX hym-Jym-Xm-°fpw- D≠v.-
Ißfpw- s]m-Sn-]Seßfpw- AXn¬-\n-∂v- AI∂v- t]m N{µ≥-
Ipw.- CXm-Wv- [q-atIXp-hn-s≥-d hm¬.- Cu- kabØv-
N{µs\°p-dn-®p-≈ Jp¿-B\n-I ]cm-a¿-i߃- Xmsg
hm-en-\v- F´v- tIm-Sn- In-tem-ao-‰¿hsc \o-fap-≠m-Ipw.-
Fgp-Xn-b t]m-bn≥-dp-Iƒ- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p.-
kqcy-\n¬-\n-∂I∂v- t]m-Ip-∂tXm-sS hm-ev- \jv-Ss∏Sp-
∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- ku-cbqYØn-\v- ]p-dØv- IS∂v- hn-Zq-cXbn- N{µ≥- BZy-Im-eØv- Pz-en-®n-cp-∂p-.-
eq-sS k©cn-®v- \n-iN v- n-XIm-eØv- ho-≠pw-hcpw.- 76 h¿j N{µ≥- Hcp- {]`.-
Øn-sem-cn-°¬- kq-cy-s\ kao-]n-°p-∂ lm-en- [q-atIXp- N{µam-kØn-s≥-d {]kIv-Xn-.-
CXn¬- {][m-\s∏´Xm-Wv.- 1986 am¿-®v- am-kØn¬- lmen-
N{µs≥-d A¥yw-.-
[q- a tIXp- h n- \ p- ≈ n- t e°v - Xp- f ®p- I bdn- b {_n- ´ o- j v -
Fbtdm-kv-t]kn-s≥-d "Ktbm-t´m'- t]SIam-Wv- [q-atI `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- 3,-76,-284 Intem-ao-‰¿- AIse°q-Sn- `q-
Xp°sf]‰n- hn-hc߃- B[p-\n-I im-kv-{XØn-\v- \¬- an-sb Np-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ kz-bw-{]Im-ian-√m-Ø Hcp-
In-bXv.- BIm-itKm-fam-Wv- N{µ≥.- AXn-s≥-d hep-∏w- `q-an-bp-
sS \m-en-sem-∂v- am-{Xam-Wv.- AYhm- N{µs≥-d hym-kw-
a\p-jy-sc acWtijw- Db¿-sØgp-t∂¬-]v- \m-fn¬-
34750 In.-ao.- BWv.- N{µ\pw- kq-cy-s\t∏m-se BZy-Im-
Xn-cn-®psIm-≠p-hcpw- F∂p-]d™tijw- Jp¿-B≥-
eØv- Pz-en-®n-cp-∂psh∂m-Wv- JtKm-f im-kv-{X⁄∑m-
]dbp-∂p-:
cp-sS \n-Ka\w.-
""Bh¿- Ø n- ° p- ∂ D]cn- a Wv - U ew- X s∂bm- s W
F√m- BIm-itKm-fßfpw- (Celestial sphere) BZn-
kXyw''- (86:11)-.-
a]n-Wv-UØn¬-\n-∂v- s]m-´n-sØdn-® Ijv-WßfmWv.-
Jp¿-B\n¬- kXyw- sNøp-∂ kq-Iv-Xw,- AXn-t\m- s]m-´n-sØdn-® kabØv- kq-cy-s\t∏m-se N{µ\pw- Pz-
S\p-_\v[ - n-®v- ]dbp-∂ kq-IX v- Øn-se hkvX - p-Xsb kvYn- en-®n-cp-∂psh∂m-Wv- Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂Xv.--
co-Icn-°m-\p-≈ Zr-jSv- m-¥w- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p- F∂Xv- Jp¿-
]n-∂o-Sv- Pz-e\w- sI´p-t]m-bn.- F∂m¬- kq-cy-s≥-d
B≥- hym-Jym-\Øn¬- Adn-™ncn-t°≠ Hcp- Im-cy-am-
Pz-e\w- A√mlp- \n¿-Øn-bn-√.- C°m-cyw- Jp¿-B≥-
Wv.- hn-Zq-cXbn-te°I∂v- sNdp-Xm-b tijw- Xn-cn-®v- hcp
]dbp-∂p-:
∂ B [q-atIXp-°sft]m-se aÆn¬- a¨-ad™v- ebn
®v- tN¿-∂tijw- a\p-jy≥- ]p-\cp-∞m-\ Zn-hkw- Xn- ""cm-hn-s\bpw- ]Ien-s\bpw- \mw- c≠v- Zr-jSv- m-¥ßfm-
cn®v- hcn-IXs∂ sNøpw- F∂v- a\ n-em-°m≥- BIm- °n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- cm-hn-s≥-d Zr-jvS- m-¥sØ \mw- aßn-bXm-
°p-Ibpw- ]Ien-s≥-d Zr-jv-Sm-¥sØ \mw- {]Im-iw- \¬
Ip-∂Xm-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- \n-ßfp-sS c£n-
Xm-hn¶¬-\n-∂p-≈ A\p-{Klw- \n-߃- tXSp-∂Xn-\v-
th≠n-bpw- sIm-√ßfp-sS FÆhpw- IW°pw- \n-߃
a\ n-em-°p-hm≥-th≠n-bpw.- Hm-tcm- Im-cy-hpw- \mw-
\√Æw- hn-iZo-Icn-®n-cn-°p-∂p''- (17:12)-
cm-hn-s≥-d Zr-jv-Sm-¥w- N{µ\m-sW∂pw- AXn-s\
sISp-Øn-°f™psh∂pw ]Ien-s≥-d Zr-jvS- m-¥w- kqcy-
\m-sW∂pw- AXn-s\ sISm-sX Pz-en-∏n-®p-Xs∂ \n¿-
Ønsb∂pw- "C_v-\p-Iko¿- F∂ Jp¿-B≥- hym-Jym-
Xm-hv- h¿-j߃-°v- ap-ºp-Xs∂ hn-iZo-Icn®n-´p-≠v-.-
""Acn-kv-t‰m-´n¬- (_n.-kn.- \m-emw- \q-‰m-≠v)- N{µs\
kz-bw- {]Im-iap-≈Xpw- Xn-fßp-∂Xp-am-b hkv-Xp-hmbn-
lm-en- [qatIXp hn-tijn-∏n-®p''- (at\m-caCb¿-_p-Iv- 82,- t]Pv- 265)-.-
""kq-cy-s\ Hcp- {]Im-iam-°n-bXv- Ah\m-Ip-∂p.- N{µ
ku-cbq-YØn-s≥-d ]p-dØp-\n-∂v \n-iv-
s\ Hcp- tim-`bm-°p-Ibpw- AXn-\v- L´ßƒ- \n-iv-Nbn-
Nn-X Im-eßfn¬- kucbq-Y{Kl߃- °p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p''- (10:5)-.-
°n-Sbn-eq-sS IS∂v- kq-cy-\Sp-Øp-Iq-sS ""AXn¬- N{µs\ Ah≥- Hcp- {]`bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-
IS∂v- hn-Zq-c ]YØn-te°v- \o-ßp-∂ kq-cy-s\ Ah≥- Hcp- hn-f°p-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p''- (71:16)-.-
\£{Xßfm-Wv- [q-atIXp-°ƒ N{µs\ tim-`sb∂pw- {]`sb∂p-am-Wv- hn-tijn-∏n
®Xv.- F∂m¬- kq-cy-s\ {]Im-isa∂pw- hn-fs°∂pw-
hn-tijn-∏n-®p.- {]]©{kjvS- m-hn-\√m-sX a‰m¿-°m-WnXv- N{µ\pw- kq-cy-\p-sam-s° \n-iv-Nbn-®Xv! \Ωp-sS \nb
km-[n-°p-I.- {¥WØn¬- G¬-]n-® s{Sbn-\p-Ifpw- hn-am-\ßfpw- \niv-
N{µam-kØn-s≥-d {]kIv-Xn-bpw- Ne\Øn-s≥-d Nn-X kabØn¬-\n-∂v- F{Xt\cw- sX‰n-bm-Wv- FØp-
IrXy-Xbpw- ∂Xv.- IW°\p-kcn-®m-Wv- Nen-°p-∂Xv- F∂ A√mlp-
hn-s≥-d hN\w- F{X kXyw.- kp-cy≥- Akv-Xan-°p-∂Xn-
Ckv-em-an-se {][m-\ Bcm-[\Ifm-b daZm≥- t\m-
s≥-d ap-ºv- N{Ihm-fØn-\∏p-dØv- ad™p-t]m-b N{µ≥-
ºv,- s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ,- lPv-Pv- ap-Xem-bhsb√mw- ln-Pv-d
R߃- I≠p- F∂v- Bcv- ]d™m-epw- hn-iz-kn-°m≥-
h¿-jw- A\p-kcn-®m-Wt√m- IW°m-°p-∂Xv.- ln-Pd v- h¿-
]‰n-√.- hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂ \q-‰m-≠p-Ifn¬- GsX√mw- Znh
jw- N{µam-kam-Wv.- kq-cy-h¿-jØn-\v- N{µh¿jtØ
kßfn¬- GXv- kabØv- N{µ{KlWßfpw- kq-cy-
°mƒ- Zn-hkw- Iq-Sp-Xem-Wv.- ]Xn-s\m-∂p-w- ]{¥≠pw-
{KlWßfpw- D≠m-hp-sa∂pw- GsX√mw- \m-Sp-Ifn¬-
Zn-hkßfm-Wv- an-°hm-dpw- Iq-Sp-Xem-bn-hcn-I.- `q-an-bn¬-
Ccp-´v- aq-Sp-sa∂pw- {]hNn-®Xv- kXy-am-bpw- Ir-Xy-am-bpw-
\n-∂v- t\m-°p-tºmƒ N{µ\n¬- kq-cy-{]Im-iw- X´n-b`m-
]p-ecp-∂Xv- \mw- I≠n-´pw- tKm-fim-kv-{X IW°p-Isf
Kw- A¬-]w- I≠p-Xp-Sßn-bm¬- AXv- ap-X¬- N{µam-kw-
X≈n-∏dbp-∂Xv- {]]©hn-cp-≤hpw- Jp¿-B\n-I hn-cp-
Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- kq-cy-{]Im-iw- X´n-b N{µhiw-
≤hp-am-b \n-e]m-Sm-Wv.- Hcp- kXy-hn-izm-kn-°v- tN¿-
`q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- t\sc adp-]p-dØmhp-tºmƒ- \Ωp-sS Zriy-
∂X√ Cu- \n-e]m-Sv.- am-{Xa√,- kq-cy≥- Akv-Xan-®m¬-
Øn¬-s]Sp-∂ N{µ\v- -Ccp-´p-≈ `m-Kw- am-{Xam-bn-cn-°pw.-
aKv-cn-_v- \akv-Icn-°p-I F∂v- \Ωƒ-- I¬-]n-°s∏´p.-
AXm-Wv- Aam-hm-kn- As√¶n¬- Idp-Øhm-hv-.- ho-≠pw-
Bsc¶n-epw- kq-cy≥- Akv-Xan-®p- F∂p-I≠v- t_m-[y-
{]Im-iap-≈hiw {]Xy-£s∏´p-Xp-Sßp-∂p-.- N{µam-kw-
s∏´n-t´ Rm≥- \akv-Icn-°q- F∂v- ]dbm-dn-√.- tKm-fim-
Ccp-]Øn-sbm≥-]tXm- ap-∏tXm- Zn-hkw- Bbn-cn-°pw.-
kv-{X IW°p-Iq-´¬- AXn-se√mw- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-Ibpw
hfscIr-Xy-am-b Ne\am-Wv- N{µ\pw- kq-cy-\pw- `q-an-°p-
sNøp-∂p.- F∂m¬- t\m-ºpw- s]cp-∂m-fpw- FØp-tºmƒ-
ap-≈Xv- F∂Xn-\m¬- Ir-Xy-am-bn- \ap-°v- CXv- ap≥-Iq-´n-
im-kv-{X hn-cp-≤\m-bn- X¿-°n-°p-∂Xv- hn-tcm-[m-`m-kam
I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥- Ign-bpw.-
Wv,- Cc´Øm-∏v- \bam-Wv.- kq-cyh¿-jw- 365 1/4 Zn-hkam
A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂p-: ""kq-cy-\pw- N{µ\pw- Hcp- IW Wv- F∂v- ]d™p-ht√m.- N{µh¿-jw- 354 Zn-hkßtf
°\p-kcn-®m-Ip-∂p- k©cn-°p-∂Xv''- (55:5)-.- D≠m-hp-Ibp-≈q.- \q-dv- ku-ch¿-j߃- 36500 Zn-hkhpw-
""N{µ\v- \mw- Nn-e L´ßƒ- \n-iv-Nbn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- 100 N{µh¿-j߃- 35400 Zn-hkhp-am-bn-cn-°pw.- AYhm-
Aßs\ AXv- ]gb Cu-Ø∏\°p-ebp-sS hf™ Hcp- \q-‰m-≠n¬- 1100 Zn-hkw- hy-Xym-kw.- 300 kq-cy-h¿-
X≠pt]m-se Bbn-Øo-cp-∂p''- (36:39)-.- jØn-\v- 1100 x 354=9.-32.- CXv- du-≠v- sNbp-Ibm-sW¶n¬-
""(\_n-sb)- \n-t∂m-Sh¿- N{µ°eIsf∏‰n- tNm-Zn- 9 h¿-jw-.-
°p∂p-.- ]dbp-I: a\p-jy-cp-sS Bhiy-߃-°pw- l÷v- tPm¿-Zm-\n-se dJo-an-se Kp-lbn¬- Dd°w-_m-[n-®
Xo¿-Ym-S\Øn-\pw- Im-e\n¿-WbØn-\pap-≈ D]m-[n-Ifm- Kp-lm-hm-kn-Iƒ- Ddßn-°n-S∂ Im-esØ∏‰n- 300 F∂pw-
Ip-∂p- Ah''- (2:189)-.
""{]`m-XsØ ]n-f¿-Øn-s°m-≠p-hcp-∂h\m-Wh≥.-
cm-{Xn-sb Ah≥- im-¥am-b hn-{iathfbm-°n-bn-cn-°p
∂p.- kq-cy-s\bpw- N{µs\bpw- IW°p-Iƒ-°v- ASn-kv-
Ym-\hpw- (B°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p).- {]Xm-]n-bpw- k¿-hPvR - \p-
am-b A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d {Iao-IcWas{X AXv''- (6:92)-.-
tKm-fim-k{X IW°p-Iƒ- (Astronomical Calcu-
lations) BWv- Chn-sS Dt±in-®Xv.- AXv- a\p-jy¿- D≠m-
°n-b IW°√.- A√m-lp- D≠m-°n-bXm-Wv.- AXv- a\p-
jy≥- Is≠Øp-∂p- F∂v- am-{Xw.-
`q-an- Hcp-{]m-hiyw- kq-cy-s\ Np-‰m≥- FSp-°p-∂
kabam-Wt√m Hcp- h¿-jw.- AXv- Ir-Xy-am-bn- ]d™m¬-
365 Zn-hkw- 5 aWn-°q¿- 48 an-\p-‰v- 45 1/2 sk°≥-dn-s≥d
\q-dn¬- Hcw-iw- BWv.- `q-an- kz-¥w- H∂v- Xncn-bm≥- FSp-
°p-∂ kabw- 23 aWn-°q¿- 56 an-\p´v- \mev- sk°≥-dv- "N{µ\v- \mw- Nn-e L´ßƒ- \n-iv-Nbn-®n-
Hcp- sk°≥-dn-s≥-d \q-dn¬- 9 AwiamWv.-
cn-°p-∂p.- Aßs\ AXv- ]gb Cu-
N{µ≥- `q-an-sb hr-Øm-Im-cØn¬- (Elliplical orbit)
Ø∏\°p-ebp-sS hf™ X≠pt]m-se
{`aWw-sNøp-Ibpw- 29.-531 Zn-hkw-sIm-≠v- Hcp- Np-‰v- ]q¿-
Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p.- Cu-Im-eam-Wv- Hcp- N{µam- Bbn-Øo-cp-∂p''-
kw.- F{X Ir-Xy-am-b Ne\am-Wv- A√m-lp- `q-an-°pw-
 309 F∂pw- A`n-{]m-b߃- ]dbm≥- kq-cy-N{µh¿j kq-cy≥- kz-bw- {]Im-iap-≈ BIm-itKm-fam-Wv.-
ßfn- s e Cu- hy- X ym- k am- W v - Im- c Ww.- Jp¿- B ≥- N{µ\v- kz-¥w- {]Im-ian-√.- `q-an-sb Np-‰p-∂tXm-sS N{µ≥-
]dbp∂p-: kq-cy-s\bpw- Np-‰p-∂p- (Im-cWw- `q-an- kq-cy-s\ Np-‰p-∂p-
""Ah¿- Ahcp-sS Kp-lbn¬- 300 sIm-√w- Xm-akn-®p.- ≠t√m).- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-jWØn-epw- hep-∏Øn-ep-sa√mw-
H≥-]Xv- Ah¿-°v- A[n-Ihp-am-bn''- (18:25).- N{µ≥- kq-cy-t\°mƒ- sNdp-Xpw- _elo-\hp-am-Wv.- AXn-
\m¬- Hcp-\n-e°pw- kq-cy-\v- N{µs\ {]m-]n-°p-Itbm-
A£cPv-Rm-\an-√m-Ø tKm-fim-kv-{X IW°p-Iƒ-
B{ibn-°p-Itbm- sNtø≠Xn-√.-
]Tn-®n-´n-√m-Ø,- Hcp- {]hm-NI≥- Ggmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- kqcy-
N{µh¿- j - hy- X ym- k w- C{XIr- X y- a m- b n- Fßs\ cm-hv- ]Ien-s\ ap≥-IS°p-Ibn-√.- ]I¬- cm-hn-s\
]d™p?-- Jp¿-B≥- ssZhn-IhN\w-Xs∂! ap≥-IS°pw.- Im-cWw- ]I¬- hcp-∂tXm-sS cm-hv- \o-ßn-
t∏m-Ip-∂p.- cm-hn-\v- ]Ien-s\ \o-°n-°fbm≥- Ign-bn-√.-
N{µs≥-d A¥yw-
{]Im-iap-≈ tSm¿-®Sn-®v- Ccp-´n-s\ \o-°mw.- Ccp-´p-≈
""F∂m¬- IÆv- A©n-t∏mhp-Ibpw- N{µ\v- {KlWw- tSm¿-´Sn-®v- {]Im-isØ \o-°m≥- Ign-bn-√ F∂v- ]dbp-
_m-[n-°p-Ibpw- kq-cy-\pw- N{µ\pw- Hcp-an-®v- Iq-´s∏Sp- ∂Xp-t]m-se.-
Ibpw- sNbv-Xm¬''- (75:7˛9).- A¥y-\m-fn¬- N{µ≥- kqcy-
D¬-°Iƒ- (Meteors)
\n-te°v- tN¿-∂v- ebn-®p-t]m-hpw- F∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥-
]dbp-∂Xv.- F∂m¬- im-kv-{Xw- Cßs\ Hcp- A¥yw- cm-{Xn-kabØv- BIm-iØv- shSn-bp-≠t]m-se
N{µ\v- D≠m-Ip-sa∂v- Is≠Øn-bn-´n-√.- \£{Xw- sXdn-®p-t]m-bn- s]s´∂v- sI´p-t]m-hp-∂Xm-bn-
Im-Wm-dp-≠t√m.- AXm-Wv- D¬-°Iƒ.- Ah F¥m-Wv?-
kq-cy-s≥-d Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-jW iIv-Xn- hfscb[n-Iam-
`q-an-bpw- a‰v- tKm-fßfpw- cq-]s∏´Xv- alm-hn-kv-t^m-S\w-
hp-Ibm-sW¶n¬- `q-an-bp-sSbpw- kq-cy-s≥-dbpw- CSbn-eq
F∂ h≥- s]m-´n-sØdn-bn-eq-sSbm-Wt√m.- `q-an-bpw- a‰v-
sS `q-an- IS∂p-t]m-hp-tºmƒ- N{µ≥- kq-cy-\n-te°v- BI
{]]©tKm-fßfpw- H‰s°´m-bn- tN¿-∂v- sRcn-™a¿-
¿-jn-°s∏´v- H∂m-bnØo-cp-sa∂Xv- Akw-`hy-tam- Aim
∂n-cn-°bm-bn-cp-∂p.- Celestial sphere F∂ Cu- {Zhyw-
kv-{Xo-btam- A√m-sb∂v- \ap-°v- a\ n-em-°m≥- {]bm-
A\¥am-b km-{µXbn¬- kabw- ]q-Py-am-b kabØv-
kan-√.-
s]m-´n-sØdn-®p.- Cu-alm-hnkv-t^m-S\w- kw-`hn-®tXm-
kq-cys≥-d iIv-Xn-bpw- sS sXdn-°s∏´ Ijv-Wßfn¬- H∂m-Wv- `q-an.- Cu- alm-
N{µs≥d iIv-Xn-bn-√m-bv-abpw- hn-kv-t^m-S\Øn¬-\n-∂v- D≠m-b N{µ≥,- kq-cy≥,- a‰v-
A√m-lp- ]dbp-∂p-: ""kq-cy-\v- N{µs\ {]m-]n-°m-s\m- \£{X߃,- `q-an- F∂n-hbn¬- s]Sm-Ø {Zhy-߃- iq-
°p-Ibn-√ ({]m-]n-t°≠Xn-√).- cm-hv- ]Ien-s\ adn-IS°p- \ym-Im-iØn-s≥-d `m-ccln-Xm-hkv-Ybn¬- Dg∂v- \S°p-
∂Xp-a√.- Hm-tcm-∂pw- Hm-tcm- \n-iv-Nn-X {`aW]YØn¬- Ibm-Wv.- Ah GsX¶n-epw- {KlØn-s≥-d Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-
Iq-sS \o-¥n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p''- (36:40)-.- jW ]cn-[n-bn¬- FØp-tºmƒ- AXn-te°v- ho-gp-∂p.-
Aßs\ N{µ\n-te°v- \n-Xy-hpw- At\Iw- D¬-°Iƒ-
ho-Wp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- ]t£,- CXp-t]m-se _ln-cm-
Im-iØp-\n-∂v- `q-an-bn-te°v- ho-gp-∂ D¬-°Iƒ- hm-bp-
aWv-UeØn-te°v- sk°≥-dn¬- 40 In.-ao.- thKØn¬-
IS∂p-hcp-tºmƒ- hm-bp-hp-am-bn- Iq-´n-bp-ckp-tºm-gp-≠m-
Ip-∂ Nq-Sv- \n-an-Øw- IØp-∂p.- B IØem-Wv- \mw- cm-
{Xn-bn¬- Im-Wp-∂Xv.- Cu- Shooting Stars F∂ D¬-
°Iƒ- Cßs\ IØn-t∏m-Ip-∂n-√m-bn-cp-s∂¶n¬- `q-an-
bn-te°v- At\Im-bn-cw- D¬-°Iƒ- ho-gp-am-bn-cp-∂p.-
A¥co-£hm-bp- \ap-°v- iz-kn-°m≥- am-{Xa√ D]Im-
cs∏Sp-∂Xv.- C\n- D¬-°Isf°p-dn-®v- Jp¿-B\pw- \_n
hN\ßfpw- F¥v- ]dbp-∂p-s∂v- t\m-°mw.-
""\mw- BIm-iØn¬- Nn-e {KlaWv-Ueßsf D≠m-
°p-Ibpw- ho-£n-°p-∂h¿-°p-th≠n- AXn-s\ Ae¶cn-
A£cPv-Rm-\an-√m-Ø,- tKm-fim-kv-{X °p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- AXn-s\ B´s∏´ F√m-
IW°p-Iƒ- ]Tn-®n-´n-√m-Ø,- Hcp- {]hm- ]n-im-Np-°fn¬-\n-∂pw- kw-c£n-°p-Ibpw sNbv-Xn-cn-
NI≥- Ggmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- kqcy- °p∂p.- F∂m¬-,- I´p-tIƒ-°m≥- {ian-®h≥- Hgn-sI.-
N{µh¿j- hy-Xym-kw- C{XIr-Xy-am-bn- Ahs\ hy-Iv-Xam-b Xo-Pzm-e ]n-¥p-Scpw''- (15:16˛18).-
Fßs\ ]d™p?-- Jp¿-B≥- ssZhn- hym-Jym-\w-: Aam-\n- au-ehn-bp-sS Jp¿-B≥- hym-
Jym-\Øn-¬-\n-∂v- (t]Pv- 1665);- A√m-lp- Hcp-Im-cyw-
IhN\w-Xs∂!
BIm-iØn¬-sh®v- Xo-cp-am-\n-®m¬- A√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 42 ¬-)
 Ako-kv-; km-an-cn-; {Iq-io-IcWw-
Cu-Pn-]v-t‰m-fPn- Jp¿-B\n-s\Xntcm?-
Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_¿-

tbm- k ^n- s ≥- d bPam- \ \m- b n- KrlØn-\pw- X\n-°p-≈ F√m-‰n-\pw- Np- tae¶n- Ahfp-sS Iøn¬- Dt]£n-®v-
ss__nƒ- ]cn-Nbs∏Sp-Øp-∂Xv- t]m- aXe°m-c\m-°n.- At∏mƒ -ap-X¬- tbm- Abmƒ- Hm-Sn- ho-Sn-\v- shfn-bn-te°v- t]m-
Øn-^-¿- F∂ Cu-Pn-]v-XpIm-cs\bm-Wv.- tk^v- \n-an-Øw- I¿-Øm-hv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xp- bn.- Abmƒ- tae¶n- Dt]£n-®v- ho-Sn-\v-
Jp¿-B\n-em-Is´ bq-kp^v- \_n- (A)-bp- Imc≥- t]m-Øn-^dp-sS Ip-Spw-_sØ ]p- d tØ°v - Hm- S n- t ∏m- b n- F∂v - I≠
sS bPam-\s\ Ako-kv- F∂m-Wv- hnfn- A\p- { Kln- ® p.- I¿- Ø m- h n- s ≥- d A\p t∏mƒ- Ahƒ- ho-´n-ep-≈hsc hn-fn-®p-hcp-
®n-cn°p∂Xv.- CXv- Hcp- sshcp-[y-am-bn- hn- {Klw- ho-´n-epw- hben-epw- Abm-ƒ-°p-≈ Øn- C{]Imcw- ]d™p: "t\m-°q,- \sΩ
a¿-iI¿- D≤cn-°m-dp-≠v.- F¥m-Wv- bYm¿- kIeXn-t∑ep-ap-≠m-bn.- AXp-sIm-≠v- A]am-\n-°m≥- At±lw- Hcp- F{_m-
YØn¬- hkv-Xp-X?-- t]m-Ø-n-^-¿- X\n-°p-≈sX√mw- tbm- bs\ \ΩpsSbn-Sbn¬- sIm-≠p-h∂n-cn-
ss__n-fn-se D¬-]Øn- ]p-kv-XIw- tk^n-s≥d Np-aXebn¬-hn-´p.- tbm-tk^v- °p-∂p! Fs≥-d Iq-sS ibn-°p-∂Xn-\v-
ap-∏Øn-sbm≥-]Xmw- A[ym-bØn¬- bm ho-´n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xn-\m¬- `£WØn- Abmƒ- AIØv- Ibdn-h∂p.- Rm≥- D®
t°m-_n-s≥-d ]p-{X\m-b tbm-tk^v- Cu- \∏p-dw- as‰m-∂n-\pw- t]m-Øn-^dn-\v- {i≤n- Øn¬- \n-ehn-fn-®p.- Rm≥- i_v-Zw- Db¿-
Pn-]vX- n-seØn-bXpw- ^tdm-hbp-sS DtZym- t°≠n-h∂n√.- kp-µc\pw- kp-ap-J\p-am- Øn- \n-ehn-fn-°p-∂Xp-tI´ DS≥- Abmƒ-
Kkv-Y\m-b t]m-Øn-^dp-sS ho-´n¬- Ign- bn-cp-∂p- tbm-tk^v.- Ip-sdIm-ew- Ign- tae¶n- Dt]£n-®v- Hm-Sn- ho-Sn-\v- shfn-bn-
™Xpw- Ahn-sSsh®v- bPam-\s≥-d `mcy- ™t∏m-ƒ- bPam-\\s≥-d `m-cy- tbm- en-dßn-t∏m-bn'.- tbm-tk^n-s≥-d bPam-\≥-
At±lsØ {]tem-`n-∏n-°m≥- {ian-®Xpw- tk^n¬- IÆp-sh®p.- ""Ft∂m-sSm-∏w- ho-´n¬- hcp-∂Xp-hsc Ahƒ- Abm-fp-sS
AXn¬-\n-∂v- At±lw- c£s∏´Xpam-b ibn°p-I''- F∂v- Ahƒ- ]d™p.- tbm- tae¶n- ssIhiw-sh®p.- t\csØ ]d
Im-cy-߃- hn-iZam-bn-Øs∂ {]Xn-]m-Zn- tk^v- hn-kΩXn-®p.- bPam-\s≥-d `m-cy- ™ IY Xs∂ Ahƒ- Abm-tfm-Spw- ]d
°p-∂p-≠v.- AXv Cßs\bm-Wv-.- tbm-Sv- Abmƒ- ]d™p; "t\m°q,- Rm≥- ™p: "Aßv- R߃-°v- sIm-≠p-h∂
Chn-sSbp-≈Xp-sIm-≠v- Fs≥-d bPam- F{_m-bZm-k≥- am\w- sISp-Øm-≥ Fs‚
""CXn-\n-Sbn¬- bn-kv-am-Cu-ey≥- tbm- \≥- ho-´n-se Hcp- Im-cy-sØ∏‰n-bpw- t¢in-
tk^n-s\ Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-te°v- sIm-≠pt]m- ASp-°¬- h∂p.- Rm≥- i_v-Zw- Db¿-Øn-
°p-∂n-√.- X\n-°p-≈sX√mw- At±lw- Ic™bp-S≥- Abmƒ- tae¶n- Fs≥d
bn.- Ahn-sS ^tdm-hbp-sS Hcp- DtZym-Kkv- Fs∂ G¬-]n-®n-cn-°bm-Wv.- Cu- ho-´n¬-
Y\pw- Aw-Kc£Itk\bp-sS \m-bI\p- bSp-Øv- Dt]£n-®v- ho-Sn-\v- shfn-bn-te°v-
Abmƒ- Ft∂°mƒ- hen-bh\√.- ho- Hm-Sn-t∏m-bn'.- Aßbp-sS Zm-k≥-- Cu- hn
am-b Cu-Pn-]X v- p-Im-c≥- t]m-Øn-^¿- Abm- ´n¬- F\n-s°m-∂pw- A{]m-]y-am-°n-bn-´n-
sf hn-e°p-hm-ßn.- I¿-Øm-hv- tbm-tk^n- [Øn-em-Wv- Ft∂m-Sv- s]cp-am-dn-bsX∂v-
√; \nßsfsbm-gn-®v.- Im-cWw- \n-߃- `m-cy- ]dbp-∂Xv- tI´t∏mƒ- At±lw-
s≥-d Iq-sSbp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xn-\m¬- Abmƒ- At±lØn-s≥-d `m-cy-bm-Wt√m.- At∏m
hn-Pbn-bm-bn.- bPam-\\m-b Cu-Pn-]X v- p-Im- tIm-]w-sIm-≠v- Pz-en-®p.- bPam-\≥- tbm
ƒ -]n-s∂ Rm≥- Fßs\ Cu- hen-b
cs≥-d ho-´n¬- Abmƒ- Xm-akn-®p.- I¿- tk^n-s\ ]n-Sn-®v- cm-Pm-hn-s≥-d XShp-Im-
A[¿-Ωw- {]h¿-Øn-°pw-; ssZhØn-\v-
Øm-h-v tbm-tk^ns≥d Iq-sSbp-≠-v F∂pw- sc AS®n-cp-∂ Pbn-en¬- AS®p.- tbm-
FXn-cm-bn- ]m-]w- sNøpw?- ''.- Zn-hkw-tXm-
Abmƒ- sNøp-∂sX√mw- hnPb{]Zam-°p- tk^v- Pbn-en-em-bn.- F∂m¬-,- I¿-Øm-
dpw- tbmt-k^n-t\m-Sv- Ahƒ- C°m-cyw-
∂Xn-\v- klm-bn-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw- bPam- hv- Abm-tfm-Sv- Iq-sSbm-bn-cp-∂v- AN©
]d™n-cp-s∂¶n-epw- Ahfp-sS Iq-sS
\≥- I≠p.- AXp-sIm-≠v- bPam-\≥- tbm- eam-b kv-t\lw- {]ISn-∏n-®p.- X∑q-ew-
ibn-°m-t\m- Ahfp-sSbSp-°¬- Ccn-°m-
tk-^n¬- {]o-X\m-bn.- tbm-tk^v- Abm- XShd kq-£n-∏p-Im-c\v- Abm-tfm-Sv- {]o-
t\m- Abmƒ- Iq-´m-°n-bn-√.- Hcp-Zn-hkw-
sf kzo-Icn-®p.- t]m-Øn-^¿- tbm-tk^n- Xn- tXm-∂n.- Ahn-sSbp-≈ F√m- XShp-
tPm-en- sNøp-∂Xn-\m-bn- tbmt-k^v- ho-
s\ Xs≥-d KrlØn-se ta¬-t\m-´°m- Im-scbpw- XShd kq-£n-∏p-Im-c≥- tbm-
´n-\p-≈n-te°v- IS∂p.- ]p-cp-j∑m¿- Bcpw-
c\m-bn- \n-ban-®p.- X\n-°p-≈sX√mw- tk^n-s≥-d ta¬-t\m-´Øn¬- hn-´p-sIm-Sp-
ho-´n-en-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- Abm-fp-sS tae¶n-
Abm-fp-sS NpaXebn¬- G¬]n-®p-sIm- Øp; Ahn-sS \S∂Xn-s\√mw- Abmfm-
bn¬- Ibdn-∏n-Sn-®v- "Ft∂m-sSm-∏w- ibn-
Sp-Øp.- Abmƒ- tbm-tk^n-s\ Xs≥d °p-I'- F∂v- Ahƒ- Bhiyw- D∂bn-®p.- bn-cp-∂p- \SØn-∏p-Im-c≥.- I¿-Øm-hv- tbm-
tk^n-t\m-Sv- Iq-sSbp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xn-\m¬- hn-s\)- I≠p-ap-´n.- Ahƒ- ]d™p.- Xm- t]m-hp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- Ah¿- ]d™p.-
tbm-tk^n-s\ `cta¬-]n-® Hcp- Im-cy-Øn- ¶fp-sS `m-cy-bp-sS Im-cy-Øn¬- Zp-cp-t±iw- A√m-lp- F{X ]cn-ip-≤≥.- CXv- Hcp- a\p-
\pw- XShd kq-£n-∏p-Im-c≥- {i≤n-t°≠n- ]p-e¿-Øn-bh\p-≈ {]Xn-^ew,- Ah≥- jy-\√,- BZcWo-b\m-b Hcp- ae°v-
bn-cp-∂n-√.- tbm-tk^-ns≥-d {]h¿-Øn-Iƒ XShn-em-°s∏Sp-I F∂tXm,- thZ\tb Xs∂bm-Wv.- Ahƒ- ]d™p-: F∂m¬-
F√mw- ssZhw- hn-PbIcam-°n''- (D¬- dn-b at‰sX¶n-epw- in-£tbm-Xs∂ Bbn- GsXm-cp-hs≥-d Im-cy-Øn¬- \n-ßsfs∂
]Øn- 39: 1˛23).- cn-°Ww.- bqkp^v- ]d™p-: Ahfm-Wv- Bt£]n-®pthm- Ah\m-Wv- CXv.- Xo¿-
bq-kp-^v- \_n- (A)-bp-sS Ncn-{Xw- Fs∂ hio-Icn-°p-hm≥- {iaw- \SØn- ®bm-bpw- Ahs\ Rm≥- hio-Icn-°m≥-
A¬-]w- hn-iZam-bn-Øs∂ Hcp- IYm- bXv.- Ahfp-sS Ip-Spw-_Øn¬-s]´ Hcp- {ian-®n-´p-≠v.- At∏mƒ- Ah≥- (kz-bw-
IY\Øn-s≥-d co-Xn-bn¬- Jp¿-B≥- ]{¥ km-£n- C{]Imcw- km-£y-s∏Sp-Øn.- If¶s∏Sp-Øm-sX)- ImØp-kq-£n-°p-
≠mw- A[ym-bam-b kq-dØp- bq-kp-^n¬- Ahs≥-d Ip-∏m-bw- ap-∂n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- Io- Ibm-Wv- sNbv-Xv.- Rm≥- Aht\m-Sv- I¬-
hn-hcn-°p-∂p-≠v.- \tS D≤cn-® ss_ dn-bn-´p-≈sX¶n¬- Ahƒ- kXy-am-Wv- ]n-°p-∂{]Imcw- Ah≥- sNbvX - n-s√¶n¬-
_nfn¬- hN\ßfn¬- kq-Nn-∏n-°s∏´ ]d™Xv . - Ah\m- I s´ Ifhv - ]dbp- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Ah≥- XShn-em-°s∏Sp
kw-`h߃- hn-hcn-°p-∂ Jp¿-B≥- kq- ∂hcp-sS Iq-´Øn-em-Wv.- F∂m¬- Ah Ibpw- \n-µy-cp-sS Iq-´Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-
Iv-Xßfp-sS km-cw- Im-Wp-I: s≥-d Ip-∏m-bw- ]n∂n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- Io-dn-bn- Ibpw- sNøpw.- Ah≥- (bqkp^v-)- ]d
´p-≈sX¶n¬- Ahƒ- Ifhm-Wv- ]d™Xv.- ™p.- Fs≥-d c£n-Xm-th,- Ch¿- Fs∂
""Cu- P n- ] v X n¬- \ n- ∂ v - Ahs\ (bq-
Ah\m-Is´ kXyw- ]dbp-∂hcp-sS Iq- GsXm-∂nte°v- £Wn-°p-∂p-thm- AXn-
kp^n-s\)- hn-es°Sp-Øbmƒ- Xs≥-d `m-
´Øn- e m- W v . - Aßs\ Ahs≥- d (bq- t\°m-fpw- F\n-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- {]nbs∏´Xv-
cy-tbm-Sv- ]d™p-: Ch\v- am-\y-am-b Xm-
kp^n-s≥-d)- Ip-∏m-bw- ]n-∂n¬-\n∂m-Wv- Pbn-em-Ip-∂p.- Chcp-sS Ip-X{¥w- Fs∂
akku-Icyw- \¬-Ip-I.- Ch≥- \ap-°v-
Io-dn-bn-´p≈Xv- F∂v- I≠t∏mƒ- Abmƒ- hn-´v- \o- Xncn®p-Ifbm-Ø ]£w- Rm≥-
{]tbm-P\s∏t´°mw.- As√¶n¬- \ap-°v-
(Kr-l\m-Y≥- ˛Xs≥-d `m-cy-tbmSv)- ]d Ahcn-te°v- Nm-™p-t]m-tb°pw.- Aß
Ahs\ aI\m-bn- kzo-Icn-°mw.- A{]Im-
cw- bq-kp^n-\v- \mw- B `q-{]tZiØv- ku-
Icy-ap-≠m-°n-sIm-Sp-Øp.- kz-]v-\hm-¿-
ØIfp-sS hym-Jym-\w- At±lØn-\v- \mw- Jp¿B\pw- ss__n-fpw- Htc IYbm-Wv- ]cm-a¿-in-°p-
Adn-bn-®p-sIm-Sp°p-hm≥- th≠n-bm-Wv- ∂sX¶nepw- Ahbp-sS hn-iZmw-ißfn¬- Gsd hy-Xym-
AXv.- A√m-lp- Xs≥-d Im-cyw- Pbn-®S°p- kßfp-s≠∂v- Ch c≠pw- hm-bn-®p-t\m-°p-∂ B¿-°pw-
∂h\s{X.- ]t£,- a\p-jy-cn¬- A[n-I
t]cpw- AXv- a\ n-em-°p-∂n-√.- Aßs\ a\ n-em-°m-hp-∂tXbp-≈q.-
At±lw- ]q¿-W hf¿-®sbØn-bt∏mƒ-
At±lØn-\v- \mw- bp-Iv-Xn-t_m-[hpw-
Adn-hpw- \¬-In.- kp-Ir-Xw- sNøp-∂h¿-
™p.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- CXv- \n-ßfp-sS (kv- s\ Rm≥- Ahn-thIn-Ifp-sS Iq-´Øn-em-
°v- A{]Im-cw- \mw- {]Xn-^ew- \¬-Ip-
{Xo-Ifp-sS)- X{¥Øn¬-s]´Xm-Wv.- \n- bn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw- sNøpw.- At∏mƒ- Ah
∂p.- Ah≥- (bq-kp^v-)- GsXm-cp-hfp-sS
ßfp-sS X{¥w- `b¶cw-Xs∂.- bq-kpt^,- s≥d {]m¿-Y\ Xs≥-d c£n-Xm-hv- kzoI
ho-´nem-tWm- Ahƒ- Ahs\ hio-Icn-
\o- CXv- AhKWn-t®°p-I.- (s]tÆ)-- \o- cn-°p-Ibpw- Ahcp-sS Ip-X{¥w- Ah\n¬-
°p- h m≥- {iaw- \SØn.- hm- X n- e p- I ƒ-
\n-s≥-d ]m-]Øn-\v- am-∏v- tXSpI.- Xo¿-® \n-∂v- Ah≥- X´n-Øn-cn®v- Ifbp-Ibpw-
AS®p-]q-´n-bn-´v- Ahƒ- ]d™p.- Ctßm-
bm-bpw- \o- ]n-g®hcp-sS Iq-´Øn-em-Ip-∂p.- sNbv-Xp.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Ah≥- F√mw-
´v- hm.- Ah≥- ]d™p:- A√m-lp-hn¬-
\KcØn-se Nne kv-{Xo-Iƒ- ]d™p.- tIƒ-°p∂ h\pw- Im-Wp-∂h\p-as{X.- ]n-
icWw! \n- i v - N bam- b pw- Ah\m- W v -
{]`p-hn-s≥-d `m-cy- Xs≥-d the°m-cs\ ∂o- S v - sXfnhp- I ƒ- I≠dn- ™ Xn- \ p-
Fs≥d c£n-Xm-hv.- Ah≥- Fs≥-d Xm-
hioIcn- ° m≥- {ian- ° p- ∂ p.- Ahƒ- tijhpw- Ah¿-°v- tXm-∂n-; Ahs\ Hc
akw- t£aIcam-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- Xo¿-
Aht\m-Sv- t{]a_≤bm-bn- Ign™n-cn-°p- h[n- h sc XShn- e m- ° p- I Xs∂ thW
®bm-bpw- A{Iaw- {]h¿-Øn-°p-∂h≥- hn-
∂p.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Ahƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-b ]n- sa∂v''- (hn.-Jp.- 12:21˛35).-
Pbn- ° p- I bn- √ .- Ahƒ- ° v - Ah\n¬-
ghn¬- AIs∏´Xmbn- R߃- Im-Wp-∂p.- Jp¿B\pw- ss__n-fpw- Htc IYbm-
B{Klw- P\n-®p.- Xs≥-d c£n-Xm-hn-s≥d
Aßs\ B kv-{Xo-Ifp-sS Ip-kr-Xn- Wv- ]cm-a¿-in-°p-∂sX¶nepw- Ahbp-sS
{]am-Ww- I≠dn-™n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶n-¬- sb∏‰n- Ahƒ- tI´dn-™t∏mƒ- Ahcp-
Ah\v- Ahfn-epw- B{Klw- P\n-t®s\.- hn-iZmw-ißfn¬- Gsd hy-Xym-kßfp-
sS ASp-tØ°v- Ahƒ- Bsf Ab°p- s≠∂v- Ch c≠pw- hm-bn-®p-t\m-°p-∂
A{]Im-cw- (kw-`hn-®Xv)- Xn-∑bpw- \o- Ibpw-,- Ah¿-°v- Nm-cn-bn-cn-°m-hp-∂ Ccn-
Nhr-Øn-bpw- Ah\n¬-\n-∂v- \mw- Xn-cn-®p- B¿-°pw- a\ n-em-°m-hp-∂tXbp-≈q.-
∏n-S߃- Hcp-°pIbpw- sNbvX - p.- Ahcn¬- bq-kp^v- Ip-‰°m-c\m-sW∂v- bPam-\\pw-
hn-Sp-∂Xn-\v- th≠n-bs{X.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø¿-°pw- (]g߃- ap-dn-°m≥)-
Ah≥- \Ωp-sS \n-jv-If¶cm-b Zm-k∑m- a‰pw- Icp-Xn-sb∂ cq]Øn-em-Wv- ss__n-
Ahƒ- Hm-tcm- IØn-sIm-Sp-Øp.- (bq-kp- fn-s≥-d hn-hcWw.- Jp¿-B\n-em-Is´ bq-
cn¬- s]´h\m-Ip-∂p.- Ah¿- c≠p-t]cpw- ^n-t\m-Sv-)- Ahƒ- ]d™p.- \o- Ahcp-sS
hmXn¬-°te°v- aXv-kcn-t®m-Sn.- Ahƒ kp^n- s ≥- d \n- c ]cm- [ n- X zw- t_m- [ y-
ap- º n- t e°v - ]p- d s∏Sp- I .- Aßs\ s∏´tijhpw- At±lsØ XShn-em-°p-
]n-∂n¬-\n-∂v- Ahs≥-d Ip-∏m-bw- (]n-Sn- Ahs\ Ah¿- I≠t∏mƒ- Ah¿- ° v -
®p.- AXv)- Io-dn.- Ah¿- Ccp-hcpw- hm-Xn¬- hm≥- bPam-\≥- Xo-cp-am-\n-®Xm-bm-Wv-
Ahs\∏‰n- hn-kv-abw- tXm-∂p-Ibpw-,- ]d™n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- tae¶n- Du-cn- Hm-Sn-b
°¬-sh®v- Ahfp-sS \m-Ys\ (`¿-Øm- Ahcp-sS kz-¥w- ssIIƒ-Xs∂ Adp-Øv-
bq-kp-^n-s\bm-Wv- ss__nƒ- ]cn-Nb ≥.- R߃- bq-kp-^n-s\∏‰n- tZmjIcam dn-s\°p-dn-®v- ss__n-fn¬- ]d™n-cn-°p-
s∏SpØp-∂Xv.- bPam-\ `m-cy- ]n-∂n¬-\n- b H∂pw- a\ n-em-°n-bn-´n-√.- {]`p-(A¬ ∂Xv ""^tdm-hm-s≥-d Hcp- DtZym-KkvY - \pw-
∂v- ]n-Sn-®t∏mƒ- Ip-∏m-bw- Iodn-bXm-bm- ˛Ako-kv)hn-s≥-d- `m-cy- ]d™p-: Ct∏mƒ- Aw-Kc £I tk\bp-sS \m-bI\p''- (D¬-
Wv- Jp¿-B\n-se hn-hcWw.- Cßs\ hn- kXyw- shfn-s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p.- Rm≥- At± 39:1)-sa∂m-Wt√m.- Cu- D∂X kv-Ym-\w-
iZmw-ißfn¬- \n-ch[n- hy-Xym-kßfp- lsØ hio-Icn-°p-hm≥- {ian-°pIbm hy-Iv-Xam-°m-\m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- ""A¬-˛
s≠∂Xm-Wv- hm-kv-Xhw.- Wp≠m-bXv.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- At±lw- k Ako-kv''- F∂ v- {]tbm-Kn-®sX∂m-Wv-
bPam-\s≥-d t]cp-am-bn- _\v-[s∏´v- Xy-hm-∑m-cp-sS Iq-´Øn¬-Xs∂bmIp-∂p''- a\ n-em-hp-∂Xv.-
Jp¿-B≥- \SØp-∂ ]cma¿ißfp-sS hn.-Jp: 12:51)-.- ss__n-fn¬- {]tbm-Kn-® t]m-Øn-^¿-
shfn-®Øn-em-Wv- hn-a¿-iI∑m¿- Jp¿B Cu- kq-IvX - ßfn¬- {]`p-sh∂v- ]cn`m- F∂ \m-aw- F¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Jp¿-B
\n¬- A_≤w- Btcm-]n-°p-∂Xv.- "ss_ js∏Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv- "A¬- Ako-kv'- \n¬- D]tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv- F∂v- JWv-
_n-fn¬- hy-IX v- am-bn-Øs∂ bPam-\s≥d F∂ Ad_n- ]ZsØbm-Wv.- Nn-e Cw-•o Un-Xam-bn-∏dbm≥- \ap-°m-hn-√.- k¿-hi
t]cv- ]d™n-cn-°p-∂p.- t]m-Øn^¿.- Jp¿- jv- ]cn`m-jIfn¬- Cu- ]Zw- `m-jm-¥cw- Iv-Xs≥-d hN\ßfp-sS kam-lm-cam-Wv-
B\n-emIs´ bq-kp^n-(A)-s≥-d bPam\ sNøm-sX A¬-˛Ako-kv- F∂p-Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥.- AXn-se Hm-tcm- ]Zhpw- D]
s\°p-dn-®v- ]cm-a¿-in-°p-tºmƒ- Ako-kv- AtXt]m-se Hcp- \m-asa∂ cq-]Øn¬- tbm-Kn-®Xn-\p-]n-∂n¬- Fs¥¥v- bp-Iv-Xn-
F∂m-Wv- {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- t]m-Øn- sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.- AXv- FSp-Øp-sIm≠m Ifm-Wp-≈sX∂v- ]dbm≥- ]cn-an-Xamb
^¿- F∂ \mahp-am-bn- Hcp- \n-e°pw- tbm Wv- t]m-Øn-^dn-\v- ]Icam-bn- Ako-kv- Adn-hv- am-{Xw- \¬-Is∏´ \ap-°v- Ign-bn√.-
Pn-°p-∂ t]c√ Ako-kv.- am-{Xhp-a√,- Hcp- F∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n¬- {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p- C°m-cy-Øn¬- kv-Yncs∏´ lZo-kp-Itfm-
ip-≤ Ad_n- ]Zam-W-v "Ako-k'v .- tbmtk ∂sX∂v- hn-a¿-iI¿- hmZn-°p-∂Xv.- ]Wv-Un-Xm-`n-{]m-bßtfm D≤cn°s∏´
^n-s≥-d Im esØ Cu-Pn-]v-Xn¬- Po-hn® Ako-kv- F∂ Ad_n- \m-aØn-s≥-d Xmbn- Im-Wm-\pw- Ign-bp-∂n-√.- "t]m-Øn-
Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- ip-≤am-b Hcp- Ad_nt∏ A¿-Yw- "{]Xm-]n' sb∂m-Wv.- Ad_n-Iƒ- -^¿'- F∂v- Jp¿-B\n¬- ]dbmXn-cp-∂Xn
s≥-d Im-cWw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- k¿-hiIvX - t\
Adn-bq.-
F¶n-epw,- "t]m-Øn-^¿'- F∂ Cu-Pn-
bPam-\s≥-d t]cp-am-bn- _\v-[s∏´v- Jp¿-B≥- \SØp-∂ ]v-jy≥- \m-aØns≥-d A¿-∞sa¥m-sW
]cma¿ißfp-sS shfn-®Øn-em-Wv- hn-a¿-iI∑m¿- ∂v- a\ n-em-°p-tºmƒ- Jp¿-B\n¬- ]Z
߃- {]tbm-Kn-®Xn-ep-≈ kq-£v-aX \ap-
Jp¿-B\n¬- A_≤w- Btcm-]n-°p-∂Xv. °v- Hcn-°¬-Iq-Sn- t_m-[y-s∏Sp-sa∂ Im
cyw- Chn-sS Nq-≠n-°m-´m-sa∂v- - tXm-∂p-∂p.-
t]m-Øn-^¿- F∂ Cu-Pn-]v-jy≥- ]ZØn-
CXv- Hcp- t]cm-bpw- t]cn-s≥-d `m-Kam-bpw- \¿-∞w- "td' bm¬- \¬-Is∏´h≥''- (he
cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- Icp-Xp-∂Xp-t]m-epw- D]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-s≠∂Xv- icn-bm-Wv.- Aap- whom Re has given-Harpers Bible Dic-
hn-UV v- n-Øam-Wv.- blq-Z {In-kX v- ym-\n-Ifn kve - nw-Ifpw- Cu- t]cv- D]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v.- tionary P. 809). Cu-Pn-]v-XpIm-cp-sS kq-
¬-\n-∂v- tbm-tk^n-s≥-d IYtI´v- \mfpI Cdm-Jn- a{¥n-bm-b Xm-co-Jv- Ako-kn-s≥d cy-tZhs≥-d t]cmWv- "td'.- "kq-cy-tZhs≥d
ƒ-°p-tijw- ap-lΩZv- Jp¿-B\n¬- - AXv- t]cv- DZm-lcWw.- Zm-\w'- F∂v- thWsa¶n¬- ""t]m-Øn-^¿''-
Fgp-Xn-t®¿-Øt∏mƒ- D≠mb Hcp- A_ F∂ t]cv- ]cn-`m-js∏SpØmw.-
Ako-kn-s≥-d ap-ºn¬- "A¬'- F∂
≤am-Wn-Xv........'- hn-a¿-iIcp-sS \ym-bhm- kq-cym-cm-[\bp-am-bn- _\v-[s∏´Xm-
Ahy-bw- (definite article) tN¿-Øv- A¬-
Z߃- Cßs\ t]m-Ip-∂p-. Wv- Cu- t]cv.- _lp-ssZhm-cm-[\bp-ambn-
˛Ako-kv- F∂m-Wv- \tS kq-Nn-∏n-°s∏´
Xßfp-sS hm-Zw- kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂Xn-\m- Jp¿ B≥- kq-Iv-Xßfn¬- {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn- _\v-[s∏Sp-∂ \m-aßtfm- {]tbmKß
bn- hn-a¿-iI¿- D≤cn-°p∂ Jp¿-B≥- kq- °p-∂Xv.- Hcp- t]cv- F∂ \nebv-°v- Ad tfm- D]tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥- ]m-Sn-s√∂m-Wv-
Iv-Xßfp-sS km-cam-Wv- Xm-sg: _n-bn¬- A¬-˛Ako-kv- F∂p-]tbm-Kn Ckv-em-an-s≥-d A\p-im-k\.- CXp-sIm
°m-dn-√.- Cw-•o-jn¬- the Lord F∂v- ]dbp- ≠p-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cn-°mw- Jp¿-B≥- "t]m-Øn-
""\KcØn-se Nn-e kv-{Xo-Iƒ- ]d
∂Xn-\v- kam-\am-b Hcp- {]tbm-Kam-Wn- ^¿' F∂ t]cp-]tbm-Kn-°m-sX At±l
™p-: {]`p-(A¬-˛Akokv)hn-s≥-d- `m-cy-
Xv.- AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv- aebm-fØn¬- "{]`p'- Øn-s≥-d kv-Ym-\sØ tZym-Xn-∏n-°p-∂
Xs≥-d the°m-cs\ hio-Icn-°m≥- {ian
sh∂v- ]cn-`m-js∏Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- hy- "A¬-˛Ako-kv- F∂p-am-{Xw- {]tbm-Kn®
°p∂p.- Ahƒ- Aht\m-Sv- t{]a_≤bm
Iv-Xn-bp-sS kv-Ym-\am-Wv- A√m-sX t]c√ Xv.- Jp¿-B≥- "t]m-Øn^¿'- F∂ t]cv
bn-°gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Ah
A¬-˛Ako-kv- F∂ {]tbm-Kw- tZym-Xn- D]tbm-Kn-°pIbm-sW¶n¬- "kq-cy-tZh
ƒ- hy-Iv-Xam-b ]n-ghn¬- AIs∏´Xm-bn-
∏n-°p-∂Xv.- ss__n-fn¬- t]mØn-^¿- s≥-d Zm-\'am-Wv- At±lsa∂v- Aw-Ko-Icn-
R߃- Im-Wp∂p''- (hn.-Jp-: 12:30).-
F∂v- hn-fn-® hy-Iv-Xn-bp-sS t]cv- kq-Nn∏n- °p-∂p-sh∂m-Wt√m- h∂p-tNcp-I.-
""(B kv{- Xo-Isf)- hn-fn-®p-hcp-Øn-bn´v-
®p-sIm-≠p-≈ Hcp- {]tbm-Ksa∂ \n-ebv- ssZhn-I hN\ßfp-sS kam-lm-cam
At±lw- (cm-Pm-hv)- tNmZn-®p.- bq-kp-^ns\
°√,- {]Xyp-X At±lØn-s≥-d kv-Ym-\w- Wv- Jp¿-B≥- F∂ hkvXp-X Chn-sSbpw-
hio-Icn-°p-hm≥- \n-߃- {iaw- \SØnb
hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂ Hcp- ]Zsa∂ \n-ebv°m hy-IvX- am-bn- shfn-s∏Sp-∂p.- ss__n-fn¬-
t∏mƒ- \n-ßfp-sS kvY - n-Xn- F¥m-bn-cp-∂p?-
Wv- Jp¿-B\n¬- A¬-˛Ako-kv- F∂v- \n-∂v- ap-lΩZv- \_n- (k)- ]I¿-Øn-sbgp-
Ah¿- ]d™p.- A√m-lp- F{X ]cnip≤ Xn-bXm-bn-cp-∂p- tbm-tk^ns≥d IYsb
]d™n-cn-°p-∂Xv- F∂¿-Yw.- t]m-Øn^
¶n¬- kzm-`m-hnIambpw- t]m-Øn-^¿- F∂ I: ""Ah≥- (A√m-lp)- ]d™p-: F∂m¬- ¥p-Scm-Xn-cn-°m≥- \n-\°v- F¥v- XS -am-
bPam\\m-aw- Jp¿-B\n¬- kv-Ym-\w- ]nSn- \o- t]m-∂tijw- \n-s≥-d P\Xsb \mw- Wv- D≠m-bXv.- \o- Fs≥-d I¬-]\°v-
t°≠Xm-bn-cp-∂p.- t]m-Øn-^¿- F∂m¬- ]co-£n-®n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv.- "km-an-cn'- Ah FXn-cv- {]h¿-Øn-°p-Ibm-tWm- sNbvX
""kq-cy-tZhs≥-d Zm-\w''- F∂m-Wv- A¿Y sc hgn-sX‰n-®v- If™n-cn-°p-∂p.- At∏m Xv?- At±lw- (lm-dq≥)- ]d™p-: Fs≥-d
sa∂v- ap-lΩZv- \_n-°v- Adn-bm-am-bn-cp- ƒ- aq-k Xs≥-d P\ßfp-sS ASp-tØ°v- DΩbp-sS aIt\ \o- Fs≥d Xm-Sn-bn-epw-
∂p-sh∂pw- AXv- _lp-ssZh hn-izmkap Ip-]n-X\pw- ZpxJn-X\p-am-bn-´v- Xn-cn-®p-sN Xebn-epw- ]n-Sn-°m-Xn-cn-°q.- "C{km-Cu¬-
ƒ-s°m-≈p-∂Xm-bXn-\m¬- Jp¿-B \n¬- ∂p.- At±lw- ]d™p-: Fs≥-d P\ßtf,- k¥XnIƒ-°n-Sbn¬- \o- `n-∂n-∏p-≠m-°n-
\n-∂v- Hgn-hm-°n-sb∂pw- IcpXp-∂Xv- ip≤ \n-ßfp-sS c£n-Xm-hv- \n-߃-°v- DØaam- °f™p.- Fs≥-d hm-°n-\v- \o- ImØp-
t`m-jv-°m-sW∂v- ]dtb≠Xn-√.- Jp¿B b Hcp- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- \¬In-bn-t√?- F∂n-´v- \n-∂n-√.-'- F∂v- \o- ]dbp-sa∂v- Rm≥- `b
\n-s≥-d AhXcW Im-eØv- Cu-Pn-]v- \n-߃°v- - Im-ew- Zo¿-Lam-bn-t∏m-tbm?- s∏Sp-Ibm-Wp-≠m-bXv (Xp-S¿-∂v- km-an-cn-
jy≥- `m-j Adn-bm-hp-∂hcm-bn- Bcpw- AYhm- \n-ßfp-sS c£n-Xm-hn-¶¬-\n-∂p- tbm-Sv-)- At±lw- ]d™p-: tl km-an-cn,--
Xs∂ Atd_y-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂ ≈ tIm-]w- \n-ßfn¬ -CdßWsa∂v- \n-s≥-d Im-cyw- F¥m-W?v Ah≥- ]d™p:
hkvX - p-X Hm¿-°pI.- AtXt]m-se Xs∂ B{Kln®p-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ft∂m-Sp-≈ Ah¿- (P\߃)- I≠p-a\ n-em-°m-Ø
t]m-Øn-^¿- F∂ \m-asam-gn-hm-°n-bXv- \n-iNv- bw- \n-߃- ew-Ln-®Xm-tWm?- Ah Hcp- Im-cyw- Rm≥- I≠p-a\ n-em-°n.-
bmZr-NvOn-Iam-sW∂v- Icp-Xm-\pw- \ymb ¿- ]d™p-: R߃- Rßfp-sS ln-Xw- Aßs\ ssZhZq-Xs≥-d Im¬-∏m-Sn¬-\n-
an-√.- ss__n-fn¬-\n-∂v- Imcy-߃- ]I¿ A\p-kcn-®v- Xm-¶tfm-Sp-≈ \n-iv-Nbw- ew- ∂pw- Rm≥- Hcp- ]n-Sn-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw- F∂n´v-
Ønsbgp-Xp-tºmƒ- AXn¬- ]e XhW Ln-®X√.- F∂m¬- P\ßfp-sS B`cW AXv- C´p-Ifbp-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp.- A{]Im-
{]tbm-Kn°s∏´ Hcp- t]cv- bm-Zr-NOv- n-Iam- Np-aSp-Iƒ- R߃- hln-∏n-°s∏´n-cp-∂p.- cw- sNøm-\m-Wv- Fs≥-d a\ v- Fs∂
bn- Hgn-hm-bn-t∏m-sb∂v- Icp-Xp∂sXß Aßs\ R߃- AXv- (Xo-bn¬)- Fdn- t{]cn-∏n-®Xv.- At±lw- (aq-k)- ]d™p-:
s\?- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d ssZhnIXbv-°p-≈ ™v- If™p.- At∏mƒ- km-an-cn-bpw- A{] F∂m¬- \o- t]m-.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \n-\°v-
sXfn-hm-Wn-sX∂v- ]dbp-∂Xv- AXp-sIm-
≠m-Wv.- k¿-hPvR - \m-b Xºp-cm-s≥d hN
\ßfn-sehn-sSbpw- bm-sXmcp- kv-JenX
Jp¿B\n-s\Xn-sc D∂bn-°s∏´ F√m- Btcm-]Wßfpw-
hp-ap-≠m-hp-Ibn-s√∂ hkv-Xp-X Chn-sS
\ap-°v- t_m-[y-s∏Sp-∂p.- Jp¿B\n-s\Xn- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d ssZhn-IX hy-Iv-Xam-hp-∂n-StØ°m-Wv-
sc D∂bn-°s∏´ F√m- Btcm-]Wß \sΩ \bn-°p-∂sX∂p-≈Xv- F¥p-am-{Xw- hnkvabI
fpw- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d ssZhn-IX hy-Iv-Xam- cambncn°p∂p!
hp-∂n-StØ°m-Wv- \sΩ \bn-°p-∂sX
∂p-≈Xv- F¥p-am-{Xw- hnkvabIcambncn
°p∂p!
km-an-cn-bpw- iacn-b°m-c\pw-.- Im-cw- AXv- (Xo-bn¬)- C´p.- F∂n-´v- Ah¿- Cu- Po-hn-XØn-ep-≈Xv- "sXm-´p-Iq-Sm'-
°v- Ah≥- (tem-lw-sIm-≠v-)- Hcp- ap-{Ibn- F∂v- ]dbem-bn-cn-°pw.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \n-
aq-km-\_n- ko\m-bv- aebn-te°v- t]m Sp-∂ Im-f°p-´n-bp-sS cq-]ap-≠m-°ns°m \°v- \n-iv-Nn-Xamb Hcp- Ah[n-bp-≠v.- A
b AhkcØn¬- Imf°p-´n-bp-sS {]Xn- SpØp.- At∏mƒ- Ah¿- At\ym- \ yw- Xv- AXn-ew-Ln-°s∏Sp-Itb C√.- \o- ]q
abp-≠m-°n-bXv- Hcp- iacn-b°m-c≥- (km ]d™p.- \n-ßfp-sS ssZhhpw- aq-km-bp- Pn®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ \n-s≥-d B ssZh
an-cn)- Bbn-cp-∂p-sh∂m-Wt√m- Jp¿-B≥- sS ssZhhpw- CXp-Xs∂bm-Wv.- F∂m¬- Øn-s≥-d t\sc t\m-°q.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw-
]dbp-∂Xv.- tam-sibv-°p-tijw- \q-‰m-≠p- At±lw- ad∂p- t ]m- b n- c n- ° p- I bm- W v . - \mw- AXn-s\ Np-s´cn-°p-Ibpw- F∂n-´v
Iƒ- Ign-™m-Wv- iacn-b ]´Wap-≠mb F∂m¬- AsXm-cp- hm-°p-t]m-epw- Ah \mw- AXv- s]m-Sn-®v- ISen¬- hn-Xdn°fbp-
Xv- F∂n-cn-s° Jp¿-B\n-se Cu- ]cma¿- tcm-Sv- adp-]Sn- ]dbp-∂n-s√∂pw- Ah¿-°v- Ibpw- sNøp-∂Xm-Wv''- (hn.-Jp.- 20: 85˛97).-
iw- Ncn-{Xhn-cp-≤at√sb∂m-Wv- ss__n- bm-sXm-cp- D]{Zhhpw- D]Im-chpw- sNøm
fn-s‚ ASn-ÿm-\Øn¬- Jp¿-B≥- hn-a¿- Cu- hN\ßfn¬- Hcp- "km-an-cn'-bm-Wv-
≥- AXn-\v- Ign-bn-s√∂pw- Ah¿- Im-Wp-
i\w- \Sp-Øp-∂hcp-sS as‰m-cp- tNm-Zyw.- kz¿-W°m-fsb \n¿-an-®sX∂m-Wt√m-
∂n-t√?- ap-ºp-Xs∂ lm-dq≥- Ahtcm-Sv-
]dbp-∂Xv.- "km-ancn-'-sb∂Xv- Hcp- hy-Iv-
Jp¿-B\n-se Ccp-]Xmw- A[ym-bam ]d™n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-: Fs≥-d P\ßtf,-
Xn-bpsS t]c√sb∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n-se
b kq-dØp-Xzm-lbn-se 85 ap-X¬- 97hsc CXv- (Im-f°p-´n)-aq-ew- \n-߃- ]co-£n-
"Akvk - m-an-cn'-sb∂ ]Z{]tbm-KØn¬-\n-
bp-≈ hN\ßfn¬- aq-km- (A)- Xu-dmØv- °s∏Sp-Iam-{Xam-Wp-≠m-bXv.- Xo¿-®bm-
∂v - a\ - n - e m- I p- ∂ Xv . - iacn- b °m- c ≥-
kzo-Icn-°p-∂Xn-∂m-bn- ko-\m-aebn¬- bpw- \n-ßfp-sS c£n-Xmhv- ]caIm-cpWn-
(Samiritan) F∂mWv- Nn-e Jp¿-B≥- hym-
t]m-b kabØv- C{km-bo-ey-cn¬-s]´ I\s{X.- AXp-sIm-≠v- \n-߃- Fs∂ ]n-
Jym-Xm-°ƒ- "Akv-km-an-cn'-°v- A¿-Yw-
Hcp- km-an-cn Ahcp-sS kz¿-Wm-`cWß ¥p-Scp-Ibpw- Fs≥-d I¬-]\ A\p-kcn-
\¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- F∂m¬- iacy ]´
sf√mw- tiJcn-®v- AXp-sIm-≠v- Hcp- kz¿- °p-Ibpw- sNøp-I.- Ah¿- ]d™p-: aqkm-
Wap-≠m-bXp-Xs∂ GItZiw- _n.-kn.-
W°m-fsb \n¿-an-°p-Ibpw- Abm-fp-sS Rßfp-sS ASp-tØ°v- aSßn-hcp-thm-fw-
870se C{km-tb¬- `cWm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-
\n¿- t Zi{]Im- c w- a‰p- ≈ h¿- AXn- s \ R߃- CXn- \ p- ≈ Bcm- [ \bn¬-
cp-∂ H{an-bp-sS Im-eØm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂m-
Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥- Bcw-`n-°pIbpw sNbv \ncXcm-bn-Xs∂ Ccn-°p-∂Xm-Wv.- At±
Wv- ss__nƒ- ]gb \n-baw- hy-IX v- am°p
X kw-`h߃- hn-iZo-Icn-°p-∂p-≠v.- Jp¿- lw- (aq-k)- ]d™p-: lm-dq-t\, Ch¿- ]ng
∂
- Xv:- ""blq-Z cm-Pm-hm-b Bkm-bp-sS hm
B\nse {]kv-Xp-X IYm-IY\w- Im-Wp- ®p-t]m-bXm-bn- \o- I≠t∏mƒ- Fs∂ ]n-
gv-Nbp-sS 31˛mw- h¬-kcw- Hav-dn- C{km-bo- ibv-°p-tijw- \q-‰m-≠pIƒ- Ign-™m-Wv- hgn-]n-g®p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ- Ahsc XS™p-
en¬- `cWw- Bcw-`n-®p.- Abmƒ- ]{¥≠v- F∂n-cn-s° iacy-°m-c\m-Wv- kz¿-Whn- \n¿-Øn- kXy-am¿-KØn-te°v- Ahsc
h¬-kcw- `cWw- \SØn.- AXn ¬- Bdv- {Klw- \n-¿a - n-®sX∂ ]cm-a¿-iw-.- Ncn-{X] £Wn-°p-∂h\m-bm-Wv- lm-dq-\n-(A)-s\
h¬-kcw- Xn--dpkm-bn¬- `cWw- \SØn.- cam-bn- t\m-°n-bm¬- ip-≤ h¶Øam-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- ]cn-Nbs∏Sp-Øp-∂Xv.-
Abmƒ- c≠v- Xm-e¥v- sh≈n-sIm-Sp-Øv- Cu- hn-a¿-i\ßfn¬- F{XtØm-fw- ""ap-ºp-Xs∂ lm-dq≥- Ahtcm-Sv- ]d
iacym-ae iadn-t\m-Sv- hm-ßn.- Abmƒ- B Igºp-s≠∂v- ]cn-tim[n-°p-I.- ™n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p: Fs≥d P\ßtf,-
ae tIm-´sI´n- kpc£n-Xam-°n.- aebp- CXv- (Im-f°p-´n)- aq-ew- \n-߃- ]co-£n-
H∂v).- Altdm-Wm-Wv- kz¿-Ww-sIm-
sS DSabm-bn-cp-∂ iadn-s≥-d t]cn-\v- °s∏Sp-Iam-{Xam-Wv- D≠m-bXv.- Xo¿-®bm-
≠v- Im-f°p-´n-sb \n¿-an-®sX∂v- ss_
A\p-kr-Xambn- B \KcØn-\v- iacym- bpw- \n-ßfp-sS c£n-Xm-hv- ]caIm-cp-Wn-
_nƒ- ]dbp-∂p-s≠∂Xv- icn-bm-Wv.- ]pd
sb∂v- t]cn-´p''- (1 cm-Pm- 16:24)-.- I\s{X.- AXp-sIm-≠v- \n-߃- Fs∂ ]n-
∏m-Sv- ]pkv-XIw- ]dbp-∂Xv- t\m-°p-I:
tam-sibv°- p-tijw- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ- Ign- ""tam-sisb ]¿-∆XØn¬-\n-∂v- hcm≥- ¥p-Scp-Ibpw- Fs≥-d I¬-]\ A\p-kcn-
™m-Wv- "iacn-b'-sb∂ \Kcap≠m-bXv.- sshIp-∂Xv- I≠v- P\w- Altdm-s≥-d Np- °p-Ibpw- sNøp-I.- Ah¿- ]d™p-: aqkm-
]n-s∂sbßs\bm-Wv- Hcp- iacn-b°m- ‰pw-Iq-Sn- ]d™p-: "Fgpt∂¬-°q,- Rß Rßfp-sS ASp-tØ°v- aSßn-hcp-thm-fw-
c≥- tamibp-sS Im-eØv- kz¿-Ww-sIm-≠v- sf \bn-°m≥- R߃-°v- tZh∑m-sc R߃- CXn-\p≈ Bcm-[\bn¬- \n-cX
Im-f°p-´n-sbbp-≠m-°p-I?- ss__n-fn¬- D≠m°n-Øcq.- Rßsf Cu-Pn-]v-Xn¬-\n- cm-bn- Xs∂ Ccn-°p-∂Xm-Wv''- (hn.-Jp.-
]dbp-∂Xn-\v- hn-cp-≤am-bn- Altdm-W√ ∂v- sIm-≠p-h∂ Cu- tam-si°v- F¥v- kw- 20:90,-91)-.-
{]Xyp-X "km-an-cn'-bm-Wv- kz¿-Whn-{Klap- `hn-s®∂v- R߃-°v- Adn-™p-Iq-S'.- A bYm¿-YØn¬- Altdm¨- hn-{Klm-
≠m-°n-bsX∂v- ap-lΩZv- (k)- ]d™Xv- t∏mƒ -Altdm¨- Ahtcm-Sv- ]d™p-: cm-[\sb∂ alm-]m]w- sNbvX - n-´n-s√∂p-
blq-Z {K\v-Yam-b ]n¿-Kzn- d∫n- Fen- "\n-ßfp-sS `m-cy-am-cp-sSbpw- ]p{X∑m-cp- Xs∂bm-Wv- ]p-d∏m-Sv- ]p-kv-XIØn-s≥-d
sbkdn-se (Pirgey Rabbi Eliezer) Hcp- sSbpw- ]p-{Xn-am-cp-sSbpw- Im-Xn-se kz¿- ap-∏Øn-c≠mw- A[ym-bw- H∂v- a\ n-cp-
Øn- hm-bn-®m¬- \ap-°v- a\ n-em-hp-I.-
Xm-sg ]dbp-∂ Im-cy-߃- {i≤n-°p-I:-
tam-sibv-°p-tijw- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ- Ign-™m-Wv- "iacn-b'- i)- hn-{Klm-cm-[\sb∂ alm-]m-]w-
sb∂ \Kcap≠m-bXv.- ]n-s∂sbßs\bm-Wv- Hcp- iacn- sNbvX - h¿-°v- tam-i hn[n-® in-£sb∏‰n-
b°m-c≥- tamibp-sS Im-eØv- kz¿-Ww-sIm-≠v- Im-f°p-´n- ]p-d∏m-Sv- ]p-kv-XIw- ]dbp-∂Xv- Cßs\
sbbp-≠m-°p-I?- bm-Wv-: ""Altdm¨- Ahsc sI´gn-®p-
hn-Sp-Ibm¬- i{Xp-°fp-sS ap-ºn¬- ]cn-lm-
ky-cm-Ip-am-dv- P\w- \n-b{¥Ww-hn-´p-t]m-
sb∂v- I≠ tamsi ]m-fbØn-s≥-d hm-
Xn¬-°¬-\n-∂n-´p-]d™p-: "I¿-Øm-hn-
{]tbm-Kw- sX‰n-≤cn-®p-sIm-≠m-sW∂m- Whfb߃- FSpØv- Fs≥-d ASp-Øv- s≥d ]£Øp-≈h¿- Fs≥-d ASp-Øv-
Wv- a\ n-em-Ip-∂Xv.- C{km-bo-ey-cn-se sIm-≠p-hcq'.- AX\p-kcn-®v- F√m-hcpw- hcs´'.- tehn-bp-sS ]p-{X∑msc√mw- DS\Sn-
Hcp- hn-`m-Kam-Wv- iacn-b°m¿ F∂v- Xßfp-sS Im-Xp-Ifn¬- D≠m-bn-cp-∂ kz¿- tam-sibp-sS Np-‰pw- h∂p-Iq-Sn.- At∏mƒ-
a\kn-em-°n-b ap-lΩZv- (k)- blq-Z {K\v- WhfbßsfSp- Ø v - Altdm- W n- s ≥- d Abmƒ- ]d™p-: "C{km-bo-en-s≥-d ssZ
YØn-se ]cm-a¿i߃- sX‰m-bn- a\ n- ASp-Øv- sIm-≠p-h∂p.- Abmƒ- Ah hm- ham-b I¿-Øm-hv- Cßs\ Acpƒ- sNøp-
em-°n-bXn-\m-em-Wv- km-an-cn-bm-Wv- kz¿ ßn.- Hcp- sIm-Øp-fn-sIm-≠v- cq-]w-\¬-In- ∂p: Hm-tcm-cp-Ø\pw- Xs≥-d hm-fp-ta¥n-
W hn-{Klap-≠m-°n-bsX∂ IYbp-≠m- Hcp- Im-f°p-´n-sb hm¿-Øp-≠m-°n.- Ah¿- ]m-fbØn-se IqSm-chm-Xn-ep-Iƒ-tXm-dpw-
bXv-˛ C∆n-jbIam-b hn-a¿i\ßfp-sS ]d™p-: "C{km-bo-se,- CXm- \n-s∂ Cu- sN∂v- Xs≥-d ktlm-Zc∑m-scbpw- kp-lr-
kw-£n-]v-Xam-Wn-Xv.- Pn-]vX
- n¬-\n-∂v- sIm-≠p-h∂ \n-s≥-d tZh Øp-°sfbpw- Ab¬-°m-scbpw- sIm-∂p-
Cu- hn-a¿-i\sØ aq-∂m-bn- hn-`Pn- ∑m¿!'.- CXp-I≠t∏mƒ- Altdm¨- Im- Ifbp-I.'.- tehn-bp-sS ]p {X∑m¿- tam-si
°m-w.- f°p-´n-bp-sS ap-ºn¬- Hcp- _en-]o-Tap-≠m- ]d™Xp-t]m-se {]h¿-Øn-®p.- A∂v-
H∂v-)- ss__n-fn¬- ]dbp-∂Xp-t]m- °n.- Abmƒ- {]Jym-]n-®p-: "\m-sf I¿-Øm- P\Øn¬- aq-hm-bn-ctØm-fw- ]p-cp-j∑m¿-
se tam-ibp-sS ktlmZc\m-b Altdm- hn-\v- Hcp- DXv-kham-bn-cn-°pw'.- P\߃- sIm-√s∏´p''- (]p-d 32:25˛28)-.-
Wm-Wv- kz¿-Whn-{Klap-≠m-°n-bXv.- km- ASp-Ø Zn-hkw- cm-hn-se Fgp-t∂‰v- tlm
]m-]w- sNbv-Xhsc sIm-∂p-Ifbm-\m-
an-cn-bm-sW∂v- ap-lΩZv- \_n- sX‰n-≤cn- a _en- Ign-°p-Ibpw- kam-[m-\ _en-
Wv- Chn-sS tam-i I¬]n-°p-∂Xv.- F∂m
®Xm-Wv.- A¿-∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-.- P\ßfn-cp-∂v-
¬- ss__nƒ- {]Im-cw- Cu- ]m-]Øn-\v-
Xo-\pw- Ip-Sn-bpw- Ign-™p- Iq-Øm-Sm≥- Xp-
c≠v)- "km-an-cn'-sb∂ t]cv- e`n-®Xv- Im-cW°mc\m-b Altdm¨- sIm-√
Sßn''- (]p-d: 32:1˛6).-
blq-Z{K\vY - am-b ]n¿-Kzn-d∫n- Fen-sbk s∏Sp-∂Xm-bn- \mw- Im-Wp-∂n-√.- At±lw-
dn-se Hcp- ]cm-a¿-iw- sX‰m-bn- a\ n-em- {]hm-NI\m-b lm-dq≥- (A)- hn-{Klm- Cu- kw-`hØn-\p-tijhpw- Ip-sd\mƒ-
°n-bXp-aq-eam-Wv.- Cu- {K\v-Yam-Wv- C∆n- cm-[\ \SØp-Ibpw- AXv- t{]m-Xv-km-ln- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂Xm-bn-]gb \n-baw- hy-IvX - am-
jbIam-bn- ap-lΩZn-(k)-s≥-d {][m-\ ∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-sh∂ ss__nƒ- °p-∂p.- Altdm-Wm-bn-cp-∂p- kz¿-Whn-
t{km-X v.- ]cma¿-iw- Jp¿-B≥- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-t∂bn- {Klw- \n¿-an-°p-Ibpw- AXn-\v- t{]cn-∏n-
√.- km-an-cn-bp-sS Zp-cp-]tZiw-aq-ew- P\w- °p-Ibpw- sNbvX - sX¶n¬- At±lw- H∂m-
aq-∂v).- iacn-b ]´Wap-≠m-bXv- tam-
aXm-bn-Øs∂ sIm-√s∏Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ]m- 18:1˛20).- CXn¬-\n-s∂√mw- kz¿-Whn- °p-dn-®v- ]cm-a¿-in-®Xn¬- \n-∂v- Cu- cN\
]Øn-\v- Im-cW°m-c\m-b kz¥w- k {Klw- \n¿-an-°p-Isb∂ alm-]m-]w- sNbv- \S∂Xv- HºXmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- lm-dq¨-
tlm-Zcs\ kw-c£n-°p-Ibpw- ktlm XXv- Altdm-Wm-bn-cn-°m-\n-Sbn-s√∂v- A¿-djo-Zn-s≥-d c≠v- ]p-{X∑m¿-˛A¬-
Zc≥- hgn- ]m-]n-Ifm-bhsc sIm-s∂m-Sp- kp-Xcmw- hy-Iv-Xam-Ip-∂p.- Aao-\pw- A¬- aAva - q-\pw-˛Ckve
- m-an-I km-
°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp-sIm≠v- tam-si A\o- c≠v)- blq-Z{K\v-Yam-b ]n¿-Kzn- d∫n- {am- P yw- `cn- ° p- ∂ Im- e Øm- b n- c n- ° m-
Xn- sNbv-Xp-sh∂v- Icp-Xm≥- \n-hr-Øn-bn- Gen-sbkdn¬- tam-ibpsS kaq-lw- Im- sa∂pw- Du-ln-°m-hp-∂Xm-Wv''- (The Jew-
√. Altdm¨- hn-{Klm-cm-[\°v- t\Xr- f°p-´n-bp-sS hn-{Klap-≠m-°n- Bcm-[n-® ish Encyclopaedia 1905, Funk &
Xzw- sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p-sh¶n¬- At±lw- IY ]dbp-∂p-s≠∂Xv- t\cm-Wv.- Cu- Wangnalls Company Vol X Page 59)
sIm-√s∏Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p-; Xo¿-®.- tam-ibp- IYm-IY\Øn-\n-S°v- kΩm-sb¬ (Sam ap-lΩZv- \_n- (k)-°v- tijw- \q-‰m-
sS I¬- ] \{]Im- c w- \S∂ Iq- ´ s°m- mael) Im-fhn-{KlØn-\IØv- Hfn-®n-cn- ≠p-Iƒ- Ign-™v- cNn°s∏´ Hcp- ]p-kv-
ebn¬- Altdm¨- Dƒ-s∏´n-cp-∂n-s√∂ °p-Ibpw- ap-{Ii_vZ- w- ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-®p-sIm- XIØn-se ]cm-a¿-iw- A_≤Øn¬- a\
hkv-Xp-X At±la√ kz¿-Whn-{Klw- ≠v- C{km-tben-s\ h©n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-  n-em°n-bm-Wv- km-an-cn-sb∂ ]Zw- At±
\n¿-an-®sX∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂p-≠v.- Xp''-sh∂ Hcp- ]cm-a¿-iap-≠v.- blq-Z hn- lw- Jp¿-B\n¬- {]tbm-Kn-®sX∂ hn-a¿-
ii).- kz¿-Whn-{Klap-≠m-°p-Ibpw- izm-k{]Im-cw- acWØn-s≥d am-em-Jbm- i\w- F¥p-am-{Xw- hen-b h¶Øam-Wv-!
AXn-s\ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥- P\sØ t{]cn- Wv- "kΩm-sb¬'.- Cu- ]cm-a¿-iw- sX‰m- In-´p-∂ Bbp-[sa√m-saSp-Øv- Jp¿-B\n-
∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-X Altdm-sW c£n- bn- a\ n-em-°n-s°m-≠m-Wv- "km-an-cn'-bm- s\Xn-sc {]tbm-Kn-°m≥- {ian-°p-tºmƒ-
°p-hm≥- tam-i [r-jv-S\m-bn-cp-s∂¶n-¬- Wv- hn-{Klw- \n¿-an-®sX∂v- ap-lΩZv- (k)- Ah F{XtØm-fw- hkv-Xp-\n-jv-Tam-sW
Xs∂ hn-{Klm-cm-[\sb∂ ]m-]w- sNbv- ]d™sX∂m-Wv- Btcm-]Ww.- ap-lΩZv- ∂p-t]m-epw- t\m-°m≥- hn-a¿-iI¿- k∂
X kz-¥w- ktlm-Zcßsfbpw- Ab¬-°m- \_n- (k)- "kΩm-sben'-s\ km-an-cn-bmbn- ≤c-m-Im-dn-s√∂Xn-\p-≈ ]e DZm-lcW
scbpw- sIm-s∂m-Sp-°p-hm-\p-≈ tam-ibp- sX‰n-≤cn-®Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- Jp¿B\n¬- ßfn-sem-∂mWn-Xv.-
sS I¬-]\ in-ckm-hln-® tehn-b¿-
At±lØn-s≥-d ]£]m-Xn-Xz-sØ tNm
Zyw- sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂Xv- Xo¿-®bm ap-lΩZv- \_n- (k)-°v- tijw- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ- Ign-™v-
Wv.- Xßfp-sS ktlm-Zcßsfbpw- kz¥ cNn°s∏´ Hcp- ]p-kv-XIØn-se ]cm-a¿-iw- A_≤Øn¬-
°m-scbpw- sIm-s∂m-Sp-°p-tºmƒ- Cu- ]m a\ n-em°n-bm-Wv- km-an-cn-sb∂ ]Zw- At±lw- Jp¿-
]Øn-\v- bYm¿-YØn¬- DØchm-Zn-bm-b
B\n¬- {]tbm-Kn-®sX∂ hn-a¿-i\w- F¥p-am-{Xw- hen-b
tam-ibp-sS ktlm-Zc≥- c£s∏Sp-∂Xv-
Ah¿-°v- kln-°n-s√∂p-d∏m-Wv.- AXp- h¶Øam-Wv-!
sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ah¿- tam-isb hn-a¿-in-
°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F∂m¬- AØcw- hn-a¿i aq-∂v)- "tim-atdm-\nw'- F∂ ln-{_p- ]Z
\ßtfm- tNmZyw- sNøep-Itfm- H∂pw- km-an-cn-bm-Wv- hn-{Klap-≠m-°n-bsX∂ am-Wv- iacn-b°m¿- F∂v- aebm-fØn-epw-
Xs∂ ss__nƒ- D≤cn-°p-∂n-√.- Al IYbp-≠mbsX∂m-Wv- hna¿-iIcp-sS hm- Samaritans F∂v- Cw-•o-jn-epw- ]cn`m-
tdm-W√ kz¿-Whn-{Klw- \n¿-an-®sX∂m- Zsa∂¿-Yw.- js∏Sp-Øs∏Sp-∂Xvv.- Bcm-Wv- iacn-
Wv- CXpw- a\ n-em-°n-Øcp-∂Xv.- Cu- hm-ZØn-s≥-d \n-c¿-YIX a\ n- b°m¿?- ss__nƒ- \nL≠p- ]dbp-∂Xv-
iii) - Im-f°p-´n-bp-sS kz-¿-Whn-{Klw- em-°m≥- ]n¿-Kzn- d∫n- Gen-sbkcn-s\ Im-Wp-I:
\n¿-an-°p-Ibpw- AXns\ Bcm-[n-°p- °p-dn-®v- blq-Z hn-Pv-Rm-\tIm-iw- F¥m- ""Ch¿- {In.-ap.- 722¬- k¿-tKm≥- cm-Pm-
Ibpw- sNbv-Xhsc°p-dn-®p-≈ ssZhhn- Wv- ]dbp-∂sX∂v- ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬- am{Xw- hv- iacy-sb Io-gS°n- Xs≥-d tZiØnte
[n- Cßs\bm-Wv- ]gb \n-baw- tcJ aXn.- Cu- ]p-kv-XIsØ°p-dn-®v- Zn- Pyqbn- °v- \m-Sp-ISØn-b C{km-bo-ey¿-°v- ]Icw-
s∏Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ""F\n-s°Xn-sc jv- F≥-sskIv-tfm-]o-Un-b Fgp-Xp-∂Xv- IpSn-]m¿-∏n-´ hn-tZio-bcp-sS k¥Xn-Ifm-
]m]w- sNbv-Xhs≥-d t]¿- Fs≥-d ]p-kv- Im-WpI.- ""]Xnaq-∂mw- A[ym-bØns≥d Ip-∂p.- Cu- A\y-cm-b Aiyq-cy¿- BZyw-
XIØn¬-\n-∂v- Xp-S®p-\o-°pw''- (]p-d∏m- Ahkm-\Øn¬- cNbn-Xm-hv- Atd_y-bn- h∂t∏mƒ- Aiq¿- tZiØn¬- Bcm-[n-
Sv- 32:33).- Altdm-s≥-d \m-aw- ssZhn-I{K\v- sebpw- kv-s]bn-\n-sebpw- tdm-an-sebpw- ®Xp-t]m-se Ahcp-sS ]gb tZhXIsf
YØn¬-\n-∂v- Xp-S®p-\o-°n-bn-´n-s√∂v- ap-lΩZ≥- hn-Pbßfp-sS aq-∂v- L´ßsf Xs∂ iacy-bn-epw- Bcm-[n-®p.-F∂m¬-
]gb\n-ba ]p-kv-XIßfn-eq-sS Hcm-h¿- °p-dn-®v- kv-]jv-Sam-bn- {]Xn-]m-Zn-®Xn¬- Ch¿-°v- ]e IjvS- XIƒ- kw-`hn-®t∏mƒ-
Øn- hm-bn-°p-∂ B¿-°pw- t_m-[y-s∏Spw.- \n-∂pw- Civ-atben-s≥-d t]cn-t\m-sSm-∏w- btlm-hbm-Wv- Im-\m≥- tZiØn-se ]c
am-{Xhp-a√,- Cu- kw-`hØn-\p-tijw- ^m- Ø n- a bpsSbpw- Bbn- j bp- s Sbpw- tZhXsb∂v- hn-Nm-cn-®v- {]hm-kØn¬-\n-
AltdmWv- Iq-Sp-X¬- ssZhm-\p-{Kl t]cp-Iƒ- \¬-In-bXn¬-\n-∂pw- tPm-jm- ∂v- sIm-≠p-hcs∏´ Hcp- ]p-tcm-ln-Xs≥d
ßfpw- kv-Ym-\am-\ßfpw- e`n-°p-∂Xm- Wv- Gjym ssa\dn¬- Ckve - mw- {]_eam- D]tZi{]Im-cw- btlm-hsb Bcm-[n-
bm-Wv- ss__nƒ- a\ n-em-°n-Øcp-∂Xv.- bn-cp-∂ Im-eØm-Wv- Cu- {K\v-Yw- cNn° ®pXp-Sßn.- Ch¿- CXn-\m-bn- ]p-tcm-ln-
tehn-bcp-sS t\Xr-Xz-hpw- hn-ip≤ ]u-tcm- s∏´sX∂ A`n-{]m-bw- BZy-am-bn- Ah X∑msc \n-ban-®p.- AXv- \n-an-Øw- blq-
ln-Xy-Øn-s≥-d {]Xm-]hp-sa√mw- Al Xcn-∏n-®Xv.- ap-∏Øn-bm-dmw- A[ym-bØn¬- Z∑m¿- Chsc hfsc tZm-jn®p.- 1: cm-Pm-
tdm-Wn-epw- ]p-{X ]m-cºcy-Øn-ep-amWv- an-in-lbp-sS BKa\Øn-\v- ap-ºp-≈ c≠v- 17:33.- ]n-∂o-Sv- GItZiw- 80 kw-h¬-kc
ssZhw- \n-£n-]v-Xam-°n-bXv (kw-Jy- ktlm-Zc∑m-cp-sS H∂n-®p-≈ `cWsØ ßƒ-°v- tijw- Aiyq¿- cm-Pm-hv- ho-≠pw-
]e A\y-Pm-Xn-°m-sc iacy-bn¬ Ip-Sn- \¬-In-Øp-Sßn-bXpw- iacn-b°m-sc AI cm-Wn-I C{km-bo-en-s≥-d bYm¿-∞ hn
]m¿-∏n-®p.- b{k 4:10.- {In.- ap- 536 blq- ‰n-\n¿-Øm≥-th≠n- Iq-sSbm-bn-cp-∂psh izm-kapƒ-s°m-≈p-∂hsc∂m-Wv- Ahcp-
Z∑m¿- {]hm-kØn¬-\n-∂v- aSßn-h∂ ∂v- Icp-Xm-hp-∂Xm-Wv.- aJm-_n-b hnπh sS hm-Zw.- Ah¿- Xßsf hn-fn-°p-∂Xv-
tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- Ahcpw- iacy-cpw- XΩn¬- Im-eØv- iacn-b°m¿- blq-Zcp-sS IqsSb jm-adnw- (Shamerim) F∂m-Wv.- ""(tXm-d)-
hntcm-[ap-≠mbn.- F{k 4:7 s\l 4:7.- √ \n-ebp-d∏n-®Xv.- bcq-itew- tZhm-ebw- {]Im-cw- Po-hn-°p-∂h¿''- F∂m-Wv- Cu-
iacy-b¿- A\¥cIm-eØv- Kco-kn- aebn Aip-≤am-°m≥- iacn-b°m¿- {ian-®Xn ]ZØn-\¿-∞w.- blq-Z∑m¿- blq-Zm-bp-sS
¬- Hcp- hen-b tZhm-ebw- ]Wn-Xp.- AXp- s\°p-dn-®v- tPm-kn-^kv Fgp-Xn-bn´p-≠v.- ]n≥-ap-d°m-cm-sW∂Xp-t]m-se ]p-cm-X\
aq-ew- blq-Z∑m¿-°v- ChtcmSv- sshcyw- Pz {In.-]n.- 35¬- iacn-b°m¿- Hcp- "an-in-lm-'- C{km-tben-se tbm-k^n-s≥-d ]n≥-ap-
en-®p.- Cu- sshcyw- ]p-Xn-b \n-baIm-eØv- sb Is≠Øn.- s]m¥n-tbm-k-v ]n-em tØm- d°m-cm-b P\hn-`m-Kam-Wv- Xßsf∂m-Wv-
h¿-≤am-\am-bn-cp-∂p''- (ss__nƒ- \n- kv- ain-lbp-sS "Hm-im-\bm-{X'- Aet¶m- Ah¿- a\ n-em-°p-∂Xv.- jn-tem-ln¬-
L≠p- ]p-dw- 586,- 587)-.- es∏SpØn-bXn-s\ XpS¿-∂p-≠m-b Iem- Hcp- kam-¥c tZhm-ebap-≠m-°n-sb∂v-
iacn-b°m-sc°p-dn-®v- tUm.- Un.- _m- ]ßfm-Wv- ]n-em-tØm-kn-s≥-d kv-Ym\N Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂ Gen-sb∂ ]p-tcm-ln-X\m-
_p- t]mƒ- Xs≥-d "thZi_v-ZcXv-\m-Ic e\Øn-te°v- \bn-®Xv- F∂v- tXm∂p∂p.- Wv- bYm¿-∞ hn-izm-kØn¬-\n-∂v- ]n-g®p-
Øn¬'- A¬-]w- hn-iZam-bn-Øs∂ {]Xn- blq-Zcp-sS ]gb \n-baw- C∂sØ sIm-≠v- blq-Z aXap-≠m-°n-bXv.- blq-Z
]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v-: ""iacn-b°m¿-: iacn-bm- cq-]w- ssIhcn-°pw- apsº iacn-b°m¿- ss__n-fn-se c≠pw- aq-∂pw- `m-Kßfn¬-
{]hn-iy-bn¬- hkn-°p-∂h¿-. ti tJan¬- ]n-Wßn-bn-cp-∂p.- AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m- ]dbp-∂ C{kmtben-s≥-d hn-izm-ksØ
]m¿-Øv- F{_m-bcp-sS ssZhsØXs∂ Ah¿- ]©{K\v-Yn- am{Xw- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p- °p-dn-® Ncn-{Xw- hn-ip-≤as√∂pw- aX{`w-
Bcm-[n-®hcmWv- X߃- F∂ AhIm- ∂Xv.- Hcp- alm-]p-tcm-ln-X\mWv- iacn- iw- kw-`hn-®hbm-sW∂pw- Ah¿- Ip‰
ihm-Zw- blq-Z∑m¿- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-∂n-√.- b°m-cp-sS t\Xm-hv: BXv-ao-bam-bpw- `u- s∏Sp-Øp-∂p.- iacn-b°m¿- hn-ip-≤ {K\v-
Ahcp-sS A`n-{]m-bØn¬- c≠v- cm-Pm- Xn-Iam-bpw \ymb{] am-WØn-\v- hn-iZo- Yam-bn- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-∂Xv- Ahcp-sS
khn-tijam-b kwt-im-[\bv°v- hnt[
bam-°s∏´ ]©{K\v-Yn-sb am-{Xam-Wv''-
(Harpers Bible Dictionary Page 899).
s]klm- Dƒ-s∏sS F√m- A\p-jv-Tm-\ßfnepw-
blq-Zcn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xn-cnIv-Xam-Wv- iacym- co-Xn-Iƒ.- F≥sskt¢m]o-Un-b {_n-´m-Wn-°
Fgp- X p- ∂ Xv - Cßs\bmWv - : "iacnb
iacy-°m¿- Ct∏m-gp-ap-≠v: GItZiw- \m-\q-dv- °m¿- Ahsc kz-bw- hn-fn-°p-∂Xv- _\q-
Ip-Spw-_߃ C{km-boey¿- (C{km-tb¬- k¥Xn-Iƒ)-
F∂pw- jm-sadnw- (BNcn-°p-∂h≥)-
F∂p-am-Wv.- Im-cWw- Ahcp-sS aXm-\p-
jv-Tm-\ßfp-sSsb√mw- ]q¿Wam-b {]am-
17:24¬- ]dbp-∂ Ip-Sntb‰°m-cm-Wv- iacn- IcWhpw- hym- J ym- \ hpw- sIm- S p- ° p- Ww- ]©{K\v-Yn- (]gb \n-baØn-se
b°m-cp-sS ap≥-Kman-Iƒ.- bcq-itean¬-\n- ∂Xn¬- Ah¿- ]co-i∑m-sct]m-sebm-bn- BZy-sØ A©v- ]p-kv-XI߃)-bm-Wv.-
∂v- \njvI
- m-kn-Xcm-b ]p-tcm-ln-X∑m¿- I¿- cp-∂p.- ain-lbp-sS BKa\w- Ahcpw- a‰v - blq- Z ∑m¿- Ahsc sim- t am- d nw-
Ωn-Xcm-bn-cp-∂ sKcn-knw-- tZhmebw- bh {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂p.- "t\scbm-°p-∂h≥'- (Shomorim) AYhm- iacn-b°m¿- F∂m-
\kzm-[o-\Øn-\v- hi-Ka - m- b
- n-cp-∂p- F∂pw- F∂v- A¿-∞ap≈ Xm-tl_v- F∂ ]Zam- Wv- hn-fn-°p-∂Xv.- X¬-aq-Zn¬- (\n-baØn-
blq-Z¿- Btcm-]n-°p-∂p.- Wv- Ah¿- D]tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂Xv.- s]klm- s≥-dbpw- kn-≤m-¥Øn-s≥-dbpw- hym-Jym-
]p-dPm-Xn-°m-cp-am-bn- kΩn-{is∏´m-Wv- Dƒ-s∏sS F√m- A\p-jv-Tm-\ßfnepw- \Øns≥dbpw- d∫n-am-cp-sS kw-{Kl{K\v-
iacn-bm-bn-se blqZ¿- \n-esIm-≠Xv- blq-Zcn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xn-cnIvX - am-Wv- iacym- Yw)- Ahsc Ip-Ønw- (Kutim) F∂m-Wv-
F∂Xn¬- X¿°an-√.- F∂m¬- ]p-dPm-Xn- co-Xn-Iƒ.- iacy-°m¿- Ct∏m-gp-ap-≠v: GI hn-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- Ako-dn-b≥- hn-PbØn-
°m-cp-sS tZh∑m-sc Ah¿- Bcm-[n-®p- tZiw- \m-\q-dv- Ip-Spw-_߃''- (thZi_v- \p-tijw- iacnbbn¬- Ip-Sn-tbdn-b sak
sh∂v- kv-Ym-]n-°m-hX√.- ]p-dØp-\n-∂v- Z cXv-\m-Icw- ]p-dw- 634)-.- s∏t´m-an-b≥- Ip-Øn-b∑m-cp-sS (Cuthaea
sIm-≠p-h∂ tZh∑m¿-°v- hen-b Bbp- iacn-b°m-sc°p-dn-® blq-Zcp-sSbpw- ns) ]n≥-ap-d°m-cm-Wv- Ch¿- F∂ k¶¬-
kv- B aÆn¬- In-´nsb∂v- tXm-∂p-∂n-√.- ss{Ikv-Xhcp-sSbpw- ]cºcm-KX hm-Zam- ]Øn-em-Wv- Cu- A`n-kw-t_m-[\''- (``Sa
{]hm-kØn¬-\n-∂v- aSßn-bh¿- bcqi Wn-Xv.- F∂m¬- iacn-b°m¿- Cu- hm-Zw- miritan'' Encyclopaedia Brittanica CD
tew- tZhm-ebw- ]p-\cp-≤cn-°m≥- {ian-® AwKo-Icn-°p-∂n-√.- lm¿-t]gv-kv- ss_ 99 Standard Edition).
t∏mƒ- iacn-b°m¿-°v- klIcn-°Wsa _nƒ- Un-Ivj - vW
- dn- Fgp-Xp-∂Xv- Im-WpI: X߃- tbm-k^n-s≥-d ]n≥-ap-d°m-cm-
∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- AXn-\v- Ign-bm-sX h∂ ""Hcp- aXhn-`m-Ksa∂ \n-e°v- iacn-b°m¿- sW∂m-Wv- iacn-b°mcp-sS hm-Zsa∂pw-
t∏m-gmWv- "F∂m¬- Im-Wn-®p-Xcmw'- F∂ hfsctbsd \n- j v - T bp- ≈ hcpw- tXm- d Cu- hm-ZØn-\v- Dt]m¬-_eIam-b ]q¿-
a´n¬- iacn-b°m¿- ]cm-Xnbp-am-bn- Cdßn- {]Im-cw- Po-hn-°p-∂hcpw- Ahcp-sS aX Wambpw- X≈n-°fbm≥- ]‰m-Ø sXfn-
bXv.- blq-Zcpw- iacn-b°m-cpw- XΩn¬- ]m-cºcy-Øn¬- A`n-am-\n-°p-∂hcp-am-Wv.- hp-Ifp-s≠∂p-ap-≈ hkv-Xp-XIƒ- F≥-
CWbn-√m- ]n-W°w- Xp-Sßp-∂Xv- Cu-L blq-Z∑m-c√,- Xßfm-Wv- tam-i ]Tn-∏n-°p- sskt¢m-]o-Un-b Pq-Zm-bn-°bpw- kΩXn-
´w -ap-Xem-Wv.- blq-Z¿- hw-io-b hnip-≤n- Ibpw- ]p-cm-X\ Im-eØv- Kcn-knw- ae °p-∂p-≠v.- iacn-b°m¿- F∂ t]cn¬-\n-
sXfn-bn-°m≥- hw-im-hen-°v- {]m-[m-\yw- bn¬- A\p-jv-Tn-®p-hcn-Ibpw- sNbv-X ]u- ∂v - hfscIp- d ®v - Im- c y- ß ƒ- am- { Xsa
a\ n-em-°m≥- Ign-bp-∂p-≈q.- 2 cm-Pm- Gen-bp-sS Im-ew-hsc CXv- Xp-S¿-∂p- fp-sS hIvX- m-°ƒ- F∂v- C∂pw- AhImi
°∑m¿- 17:29¬- Hcp- XhW am{Xam-Wv- sh∂p-am-Wv- Ah¿- hm-Zn-°p-∂Xv.- iacn- s∏Sp-∂ Ahcp-sS ap≥-Km-an-Ifpw- kzm-`m-
ss__nƒ- ""sjm-tdm-Wnw''- F∂v- {]tbm- b°m-sc kw-_\v[ - n-®n-StØm-fw- CXv- Hcp- hn-Iam-bn- aq-k(A)-tbm-sSm-∏w- IS¬-
Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- CXn\v- Cw-•o-jn¬- Sa- hen-b am¿-K{`w-iamWv''- (``Samaritans'' IS∂v- FØn-bn-cn-°p-at√m.- Ahcn¬-s]´
maritans F∂Xn-t\°mƒ- Samarians The Encyclopaedia Judaica CD Rom Hcm-fm-bn-cn-°Ww- kz¿-W hn{Klw- \n¿-
F∂v- `m-jm-¥cw- sNøp-∂Xm-Wv- icn.- Edition). an-®p-sIm-≠v- C{km-bo-ey-sc hgn-sX‰n-®Xv.-
iacn-b°m¿- Cu- t]cv- kz-bw- D]tbm-Kn- iacn-b°m¿- X߃- tbm-k^n-s≥-d Jp¿-B≥- ]d™Xv- ]q¿-Wam-bpw- kXy-
°p-∂n-s√∂Xm-Wv- H∂m-asØ Im-cyw.- ]n≥-ap-d°m-cm-sW∂mWv-AhIm-is∏Sp- k\v-[am-sW∂ hkv-Xp-Xbm-Wv- ChnsS
Zo¿-LIm-eam-bn- Ah¿- kz-bw- hn-fn-°p- ∂sX∂pw- Cu- AhIm-ihm-Zw- A∏Sn- A\m-hr-Xam-hp-∂Xv.-
∂Xv- jm-sadn≥- (Shamerin) F∂m-Wv.- \n-tj[n°p-hm≥- km-[y-as√∂m-Wv- ]p- kz¿-Whn-{Klw- \n¿-an-®Xv- Altdm-
""kXyw- BNcn-°p-∂h¿''- As√¶n¬- Xn-b KthjW߃- hy-Iv-Xam-°p∂sX Wm-sW∂ ss__nƒ- ]cm-a¿-iw- ASn-
""kXy-Øn-s≥-d kw-c£I¿''- F∂m-Wv- ∂p-ap-≈ hkvX - p-XIƒ- blq-Z hn-PvR - m\ kv-Ym-\cln-Xam-sW∂v- ]p-d∏m-Sv- ]p-kvX
CXn-∂¿-Yw........- tIm-iw-t]m-epw- kΩXn-°p-∂p-sh∂¿-Yw.- Iw-Xs∂ hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂p.- Hcp- km-an-cn-
iacn-bbn¬- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂hcpsSbpw- Hcp- hn-`m-KØn-s≥-d D¬-]Øn-sbbpw- hn bm-Wv- Ip-‰hm-fn-sb∂ Jp¿-B\n-I ]cma
A o-dn-b°m-cp-sS iacnbm- hn-Pb (722/ izm-kßsfbpw-Ip-dn-®v- Ahcp-sS i{Xp ¿-iØn-\v- Dt]m¬-_eIam-b sXfn-hp-
1 B.C.E) Øn-s≥-d Im-eØp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ °ƒ- \¬-Ip-∂ Adn-hns≥-d ASn-kv-Ym\ Ifm-Wv- ]p-Xn-b KthjW ^eßfn-eq-
a‰p-≈hcp-sSbpw- an-{iWØn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- Øn-e√ hn-ebn-cp-tØ≠sX∂v- km-am-\y- sS shfn-hm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- ss_
iacn-b°m¿- D≠m-bsX∂ hn-izm-kam-bn- acym-Zbp-sS shfn-®Øn¬- t\m-°p-tºmƒ- _nfn¬- am-\p-jn-I Ichn-cp-Xp-Iƒ- \S∂n-
cp-∂p- Ccp-]Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-s≥-d a[yw-hsc iacn-b°m-cp-sS D¬-]Øn-sb°pdn-® b ´p-s≠∂pw- Jp¿-B≥- sX‰p-]‰m-Ø ssZ
s]m-Xp-hm-bn- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂Xv.- cm-Pm- lq-Z ho-£Ww- X≈s∏tS≠Xm-sW∂v- hn-I {K\v-Yam-sW∂p-ap-≈ hkv-Xp-XIƒ-
°∑m-cp-sS c≠mw- ]p-kv-XIØn-se 17mw-
A[ym-bam-bn-cp-∂p- iacn-b°m-cp-sS D¬-
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∂ {][m-\s∏´ Hcp- t{km-X v.- F∂m¬- kz¿-Whn-{Klw- \n¿-an-®Xv- Altdm-Wm-sW∂
Cu- ss__nƒ- `m-Kw- ]p-\x-]cn-tim-[\°v- ss__nƒ- ]cm-a¿-iw- ASn-kv-Ym-\cln-Xam-sW∂v-
hn- t [bam- ° n- b t∏mƒ- iacnb°m- c p-
sSXs∂ ]p-cm-hr-Øm-¥ßƒ-°pw- Ncn-
]p-d∏m-Sv- ]p-kv-XIw-Xs∂ hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂p.-
{X߃-°pw- IqSp-X¬- ]cn-KW\ \¬-Ip-
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Wv.- sk^¿- l bm-aow- (Sefer ha-Yamim)
F∂ c≠mw- Zn-\hr-Øm-¥ (Chronicle \ap-°v- t_m-[y-s∏Sp-∂p.- iacn-b°m-cn¬- Xs∂bmWv - Jp¿- B \n- s \Xn- s cbp- ≈
II) Øn-s≥-d {]kn-≤o-IcWtØm-sS iacn- C∂pw- Ahtijn-°p-∂ \m-\q-tdmfw- Ip- hna¿-i\ßtfm-tcm-∂pw- shfn-®Øp-sIm
b°m-cp-sS Ncn-{XsØ°p-dn-® Ahcp- Spw-_߃- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂Xv- X߃- tbm ≠p-hcp-∂Xv.-
sSXs∂ ho-£Ww- ]q¿-Wam-bpw- shfn- tk^n-s≥-d ]n≥-apd°m-cm-sW∂m-Wv.- tam-ibpw- {Iq-io-IcWhpw-
hm-bn-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv.- Zn-\hr-Øm-¥ßfpw- B hn-izm-kØn-\v- \q-‰m-≠p-Ifp-sS ]g°
aq-km-\_n-bp-sS Im-eØv- Nn-esc {Iq-
iacn-b°m-cp-tSX√m-Ø a‰v- ]e Im-cy- ap≠v.- am-{Xhp-a√,- {]kvX - p-X hn-izm-kØn
in-°p-hm≥- I¬-]n®Xm bn- Jp¿-B\n-ep-
ßfp-sa√mw- CXn-ep-≠v.- ¬- A¬-]sa√mw- Igºps≠∂p-Xs∂bm-
≠t√m.- ]u-cm-Wn-I Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s\°p-dn
CXp-{]Im-cw- tbm-tk^n-s≥-d tKm{X Wv- ]p-Xn-b KthjW߃- hy-Iv-Xam-°p
® ]T\߃- AhnsSsbm-∂pw- {Iq-ioIc
ßfm-b F{^bo-an-s≥-dbpw- a\m-s»bp- ∂Xv. {]kvXp-X KthjWßfm-Is´
Ww- Hcp- in-£bm-bn- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂psh
sSbpw- t\cn-´p-≈ ]n≥-Km-an-Ifm-Wv- iacn- Ccp-]Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- \S∂hbp-amWv.-
∂Xn-\v- bm-sXm-cp- sXfn-hpw- \¬-Ip∂n√.-
b°m¿.- Altdm- W n¬- \ n- ∂ v - Xp- S ßn- CXn¬-\n-∂v- Hcp-Im-cyw- \ap-°v- kpX tam-i°p-tijw- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ- Ign-™m
Fen-kdn-eq-sSbpw- ^n-s\lm-kn-eq-sSbp- cmw- hy-IvX- am-hp-∂p.- aqkm (A)-bp-sS Im- Wv- {Iqio-IcWw- Hcp- in-£mapdbm-bn
ap-≈ alm-]u-tcm-ln-Xy-hpw- {In-kv-Xm-_v- eØv- kz¿-Whn-{Klw- \n¿-an-°p-Ibpw- D]tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\m-cw-`n-®Xv- F∂ \nKa
Zw- ]Xn-t\gmw- \q‰m-≠p-hsc Ah¿- Ah AXns\ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥- C{km-bo-ey- \w Jp¿-B\n-I ]cm-a¿i߃- A_≤am-
Im-iam-°n-bn-cp-∂p.- ^ekvX - o-s≥-d tI{µ sc {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNbvXXv- Hcp- sW∂m- W v - hyIv - X am°p∂sX∂m- W
`m-KØp-≈ ]p-cm-X\ `q-{]tZiØv- a‰v- iacn-b°m-c\m-sW∂ (Akv-km-an-cn)- as‰m-cp- hn-a¿-i\w.---
C{km-bo-en- tKm-{Xßfp-ambn- kam-[m- Jp¿B\n-I {]kv-Xm-h\bn¬- Ncn-{Xhn-
aq-km-\_n-(A)-bp-sS Im-eØv- {Iq-io-
\Øn¬- Ign-bp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p- iacn-b°m- cp-≤am-bn- bm-sXm-∂p-an-s√∂ hkv-XpX
IcWw- Hcp- in-£bmbn- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂p-
sc∂pw t- itJan ¬-\n-∂v- in-tem-ln-te°v- bm-WXv.- iacn-b°m¿- tbm-k^n-s≥-d
sh∂v- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂ H∂n-e[n-Iw- Jp¿-
am-‰n-s°m-≠v- DØc D]m-k\m-co-Xn-Isf ]n≥-ap-d°m-cm-sW¶n¬- aqkm (A)-bp-sS
B≥- kqIv-Xßfp-≠v.- Nn-e kq-Iv-Xßfp-
XIn-Sw- adn-°p-Ibpw- Nn-e DØc C{km- Im-eØv- Ahcp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v- Xo¿®
sS km-cw- Im-Wp-I:
tben-Isf Xs≥-d ]p-Xnb Bcm-[\m- bm-Wv.- XßfmWv- C{km-Cu¬- k¥Xn-
k{ºZm-bØn-te°v- am-‰p-Ibpw- sNbv-X Ifp-sS bYm¿-Y hn-izm-km-\p-jv-Tm\ß (ti-jw- t]-Pv- 46¬-)
 Ckvemw:
hnPvRm\ XrjvWsb ]cnt]mjn∏n® aXw

in-lm-_v,- sXm-Sp-]p-g
"aXw a\pjys\ ab°p∂ Idp∏mWv' F∂ ap{ZmhmIyw apg°n cwK{]thiw Xm°ƒ F∂pw hnPvRm\ kºmZ\Øn
sNbvX hnπh {]Xybimkv{XØnt\m, AXns≥d ad]nSn®v DZbw sNbvX, C∂pw \v {]m[m\yw \¬Inbn-´p-≠v-. aplΩZv
DZbw sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂ bpIvXnhmZ Nn¥m[mcIƒt°m Ncn{XbmYm¿Yy \_n (k) bpsS PohnXImeL´Øn¬
ßsf kXyk\v[ambn a\ nem°m≥ Ign™n´n√. k¿haXßfpw a\pjy]p Xs∂ CXn\v {]u Vamb DZmlcW
tcmKXn°v hnLmXw krjvSn°pI am{Xsa sNbvXn´p≈q F∂v \mgnI°v \m¬] ߃ ImWmhp∂ XmWv.
Xv h´w DcphnSp∂ Cu "AXn_p≤nam∑m¿' am\h ]ptcmKXn°v, AYhm a\pjy hnizmknIfpw AhnizmknIfpw
s≥d hnPvRm\ XrjvWsb ]cnt]mjn∏n°p∂Xn¬ {]IrXn aXamb Ckvemw XΩnte‰pap´nb BZy cWm¶Ww. _Z¿
hln® ]¶v F¥msW∂v \njv]£_p≤ym ]Tn°m≥ {ian°mdn√. Hcpthf, bp≤Øn¬ tIhew ap∂q‰n] Xnaq∂v
kXyw t_m[yambn´pw "e£yw am¿KsØ \ymboIcn°p∂p' F∂ t\XrhmIy t]¿ am{X sa apkvenw tNcn bnep≈q.
kvYm]\Øn\mbn bmYm¿YysØ hnIrXh¬Icn°p∂p. CXc aXßfn¬ Ahnizm knIfmIs´ Ah cpsS
hf¿∂ph∂ NqjW hyhkvYnXnIsfbpw imkv{X ]T\Øns\Xncv \n∂ C≥Izn aq∂nc´nbne [nIap≠v. Bbp[ _ew
knj≥ hn[nIsfbpw N¿® sNøptºmƒ Ckvemw aXsØbpw {]kvXpX "G´n¬ sIm≠pw a‰v kuIcyßfnepw
sI´m\mWv' ]ecpw {ian°mdp≈Xv. Cu e£yw ap∂n¬I≠v FgpXs∏´ teJ apkv e nwIsf°mƒ hfsc ap∂nem
\ßfpw {K\vYßfpw aebmfØnepw hncfa√. "bpIvXn hmZ {]NcW thZn' Wh¿. ]t£, bp≤Øns≥d ITn\X
hnXcWw sNbv X psIm≠ncn°p∂ bp. Iem\mYs≥d "aXw˛kmaqly h¿[n°sh hnizmknIƒ°v AhcpsS
]ptcmKXnbpsS i{Xp' F∂ IrXn CXn\v Hcp DØtamZmlcWamWv. At±l \mY\n¬\n∂p≈ klmbap≠mbn.
Øns≥d hcnIƒ Cßs\ hmbn°mw: "aX߃ kzX{¥ Nn¥s°Xncmbn F∂pw i{Xp°ƒ ]cmPbs∏´v ]nt∂mt´mSn. Nn-
]Ss]mcpXn. imkv{Xobmt\zj WsØ IgnshmØv aX߃ FXn¿Øp. ebmfpIƒ apkvenwIfpsS _µnIfmbn.
hnPvRm\ hnIk\Øn¬ Ah AkwXr]vXnbm¿∂p'' (t]Pv 11, aXw˛ kmaqly B bp≤ØShpImsc F¥v sNøWsa
]ptcmKXnbpsS i{Xp, bp. IemY\m≥, bpIvXnhmZ {]NcW thZn, Xriq¿).- ∂ Imcyw {]hmNI≥ (k) Xs≥d
imkv { Xob kXy߃ Xpd∂v ]d™hsc {Iqcambn Nps´cn®Xpw A\pNc∑mcpambn IqSnbmtemNn®p.
kmKcßsf°pdn®v ]Tn°ms\∂√, {]Xyp X kmKcßfneqsSbp≈ k©mc {]kn≤ kz- l m_nbpw c≠mw Jeo-
kzmX{¥yw t]mepw \ntj[n°s∏´Xpamb aXNcn{X߃ temIØv Ign ^bpamb Da¿ _n≥ JXz- m _v (d)
™pt]mbn´p≠v . F∂m¬, Ckv e mans\ C°q´Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØp∂Xv AkµnKv[ambn {]Jym]n®p:
Ncn{XkXyßtfmSv sNøp∂ h©\ bmbncn°pw. ImcWw, hnPv R m\ ""A√mlphns≥d ZqXtc, Aßsb
kºmZ\Øn\pw imkv {X ]ptcmKXn°pw ssZhnIaXamb Ckvemapw AXns≥d hymPs\∂v hnfn®hcpw kztZi Øv
al\ob BZ¿iapƒs°m≠ apkvenw `cWm[nImcn Ifpw sNbvX tkh\߃; \n∂v _lnjvIcn®hcpw AßtbmSv
AhcXv sNbvX ImeL´ sØ ]cnKWn°ptºmƒ XpeyXbn√m ØXmWv. bp≤w sNbvXhcpamWh¿. AXn\m¬
"CJvdAv'˛\o hmbn°pI˛ F∂ hn PvRm\am¿Pn°phm\p≈ I¬]\bpam Ahsc h[n®v IfbWw''. ]e {]apJcpw
bn´mWv ]Xn\mev \q‰m≠pIƒ°∏pdw lndm KplbpsS \n»_vZXsb `RvPn Dadns≥d A`n{]mbsØ ]n¥mßn.
®psIm≠v ssZhnI shfn]mSv AYhm hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ AhXcWamcw`n®Xv. F∂m¬ \_nbpsS G‰hpw ASpØ
AXn\m¬Xs∂ ]cnip≤ Jp¿B\n s≥d BZ¿i hIvXm°fmb apkvenw t\ kzlm_n A_q_°¿ kn±oJv (d)
]d™Xv "tamN\{Zhyw hmßn Ahsc
 imkv{XsØ hf¿ØpIbpw imkv{XØns\Xnsc hmtfmßpIbpw sNbvX aXßfp≠v.
Chsb th¿Xncn®v ]Tn°msX F√m aXßsfbpw H∂n®mt£]n°p∂Xv
kXyØnt\mSp≈ sIm™\w IpØemWv.

Pohn°m≥ hnSWw' F∂XmWv. ]t£, ImcpWyØns≥d XncpZqX≥ aplΩZv aXßfp≠v. Chsb th¿Xncn®v ]Tn°m
\_n (k) AhnsS FSpØ {it≤bamb Xocpam\w- "Ahcn¬ FgpØpw sX F√m aXßsfbpw H∂n®mt£]n
hmb\bpw Adnbp∂h¿ aZo\bnse A£cPvRm \an√mØ ]ØmfpIƒ°v °p∂Xv kXyØnt\mSp≈ sIm™\w
hoXw FgpØpw hmb\bpw ]Tn∏n®psImSp°Ww F∂mbncp∂p. IpØemWv. \tS kqNn∏n®Xn¬\n∂v
_m°nbp≈hsc tamN\{ZhymSnkv Y m\Øn¬ hn´b°pIbpw sNbv X p. hyIvXambXv t]m se imkv{XsØ
t\m°pI! hnPvRm\ kºmZ\Øn\v C{Xb[nIw {]m[m\yw sImSpØ thsd hf¿ØpIbpw PvRm\ kºmZ\ Øn\v
GXv ]cnjv I ¿Øm°fmWv temIØp≠mbn´p≈Xv ! Xs∂bpw A\pNc {]m[m\yw sImSp°pIbpw sNbv X
∑mscbpw temIØp\n∂v D∑qe\w sNøm≥ Cdßn∏pds∏´ A{IanIsf "hn aXamWv Ckvemw F∂Xv Ncn{XsØ
PvRm\w ]I¿∂v sImSp°Wsa∂'- Icmdn¬ tamNn∏n®Xnt\mSv Xpeyamb Hcp \njv] £_p≤ym hne
kw`hhpw \mfnXphsc Ncn{XØnep-≠m-bn-´n-√ F∂XmWv hkvXpX. bncpØnbh¿s° √mw a\ nembn´p
AXpsIm≠pXs∂, {]hmNI PohnXØn¬\n∂pw amXrIbpƒs°m≠ BZy ≠v . A°q´Øn semcmfmWv `uXn
Ime apkvenwIƒ°v imkv{Xob KthjWßfnepw sshPvRm\nI {K\vY߃ IhmZnbpw C¥y≥ IayqWnkv‰v ]m¿´n
cNn°p∂Xnepw hnPbn°m\mbn. ]t£, imkv{X Ncn{Xw Ahcn¬ ]escbpw bpsS kv Y m]I t\Xm°fnsemcm
ad∂pIgn™p. F∂m¬ B almcY∑m¿°v A¿lamb kvYm\w \¬In Ahcp fpamb {io. Fw. F≥. tdmbv. Xo¿ Øpw
sS IgnhpIsf ]cnt]mjn∏n® Ncn{XamWv apkvenw Jeo^am¿°p≈Xv. `uXnI ImgvN∏mSneqsSbmWv
Ckvemans\ At±lw
]Xn\mdmw \q‰m≠phsc hnhn[ bqtdm]y≥ bqWnthgvkn‰nIfn¬ sshZy
ho£n°p∂sX¶nepw am\pjnI
imkv{X ]T\Øn\mbn D]tbmKn®ncp∂ ]e {K\vYßfpsSbpw I¿Ømhv hnZqc
_p≤nbpsS A¥na hm°pIfmbn
amb _pJmdbn¬ ]Ømw \q‰m≠n¬ P\n® (F.Un. 980˛1037) C_v\p ko\
am¿Ivknb≥ Nn¥mKXnIsf At± lw
(Avisennah) bmbncp∂p. At±lw AXn\p≈ {]tNmZ\apƒs°m≠Xv hnip≤
AwKoIcn®ncp∂n√. Ncn{X kXyßsf
Jp¿B\n¬\n∂mbncp∂p. imkv{XØns≥d hnhn[ßfm b imJIsf°pdn®v
\nco£W ]mShtØmsSbmWv F ∂pw
\qdpIW°n\v {K\v Y ßsfgpXnb aplΩZv _n≥ k°cnbm dmknbpw
At±lw t\m°nI≠Xv.
sIankv{SnbpsS ]nXm sh∂vhsc Adnbs∏´, ckX{¥Ønse ASnkvYm\
AXpsIm≠pXs∂ hnPvRm\
{K\vYambn D]tbmKn®ncp∂ `Book of Seventy' bpsS cNbnXmhv Pm_n¿ _n≥
kºmZ\Øn\pw imkv{X
løm\p q^nbpw {]kv X pX ]T\߃°pw {K\v Y cN\Iƒ°pap≈
]ptcmKXn°pw Ckv e mapw apkv e nw
B¿Phapƒs°m ≠Xv "Bsc¶nepw hnPvRm\at\zjn®psIm≠v Hcp hgn bn¬
`cWm[nImcnIfpw \¬Inb {]m[m\yw
{]thin®m¬ kz¿KØnte°p≈ Ahs≥d ]mX A√mlp Ffp∏am°pw' F∂Xv
Xs≥d `The Historical Role of Islam'
t]mep≈ {]hmNI hN \ßfn¬\n∂mbncp∂p.- A¬ lk\v, {]Imi imkv{X
F∂ {K\vYØn¬ At±lw
Øn (Optics) s≥d aqekn≤m¥ßƒ BhnjvIcn°m\m bXpw IÆn¬\n∂mWv
FSpØp]d™n´p≠v. At±lw
{]Imi civanIƒ ]pds∏Sp∂sX ∂ AXphscbp≈ [mcW XncpØphm≥
FgpXp∂p: ""Atd_y≥
Ign™Xpw ImWs∏Sp∂ hkvXphn¬\n∂v {]Imicivan ]pds∏´v
hnPvRm\Øns≥d Ime L´w GXm≠v
t\{X]SeØn¬ ]Xn°p∂psh∂v icoc imkv { Xhpw t£{XKWnXbpw
A©v \q‰m≠pIƒ \o≠p\n∂p.
D]tbmKn®v ka¿Yn°m≥ km[n®Xpw "Adnhv tXSpI' F∂ aXI¬]\am\n®v
bqtdm]y≥ Ncn{XØnse Ccpf S™
hnPvRm\obß fnte°v Dufnbn´ndßnbXn\membncp∂p. _oPKWnX Øn\v
ImeL´Øn\v kaImeo\ambncp∂p
`Algebra' F∂ \maw \¬Im≥ Ad_n`mj°v km[n®Xpw Cu
AXv.... A∫mknIfpsSbpw ^-mØnan
hnPvRm\imJbpsS ASnkvYm\ XØz߃ Bhnjv°cn °m≥ aplΩZv _n≥
IfpsSbpw AahnIfpsSbpw
aq-k¬Jphmcnkv an°v Ign™Xpw imkv{XsØ hf¿ ج aX_m[yXbmbn
{]_p≤amb `cWØn≥Iogn¬
I≠ apkvenw Jeo^amcpsS \n oaamb ]n¥pWbp ≈Xn\membncp∂p.
Gjybnepw DØcm{^n°bnepw
C\nbpw, FSpØp ]dbmØ hnhn[ hnjbßfn¬ AXy ]q¿hamb hnPbw
kvs]bn\nepw ]mWvUnXyhpw
ssIhcn°m≥ \q‰m ≠pIƒ°v apºpXs∂ apkvenw imkv{X PvR∑m¿°v
kwkv I mchpw A`nam\m¿ lambn
km[n®n´p≠vv.
hnIkn®p. ka¿°≠pw _pJmdbpw
Cu bmYm¿Yyßsfms° Ncn{XØn s≥d hnhn[ tImWpIfn¬\n∂v tN¿Øv apX¬ s^kpw sIm¿tUmhbpwhsc
hmbn°m≥ \ΩpsS A`n\h hnPvRm\n Iƒ {ian°mdn√. Iem\mY≥ Xs≥d AkwJyw ]WvUnX∑m¿
IrXnbn¬ ho≠pw FgpXn: ""imkv{Xob at\m`mhw imkv{X ]ptcmKXn°v Imc tPymXn¿KWnXw, KWnXimkv { Xw,
Wambn. Cu ]ptcma\ {]h¿Ø\Øn s≥d Hmtcm L´Ønepw aXw imkv{X Du¿PX{¥w, ckX {¥w,
Øn\pw imkv{XPvR\psaXncmbn hmsf Sp°pIbp≠mbn'' (aXw˛ kmaqly ]p sshZyimkv { Xw, kwKoXw F∂nh
tcmKXnbpsS i{Xp˛ Ibid Page: 35). ]Tn°pIbpw ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp''
imkv{XsØ hf¿ØpIbpw imkv {XØns\Xnsc hmtfmßpIbpw sNbvX (The Historical Role of Islam-M.N. Roy
aebmf hnh¿Ø\w: Ckv e mans≥d
 \nco£WØn\p≈ \hot\m]IcWßfpsS klmbØm¬ `q]cn[nsbIpdn®pw
{KlßfpsS kvYm\sØbpw FÆsØbpw Ipdn®p≈ IrXyamb Adnhpw Ad_n
XØzPvRm\nIƒ B¿Pn®ncp∂p'

Ncn{X]camb ]¶v, t]Pv 82, Ad^m ]ªnt°j≥, Xncph\¥]pcw).- Cu hcnIƒ CXpsIm≠mhmw "\mw C∂v
GsX¶nepw CkvemanI Ncn{XImct≥dX√. {]XypX, Ckvemans\ hna¿in°p a\ nem°p∂ XcØnep≈ `uXnI
∂Xv Zn\Ncybm°nb IayqWnkv‰v Nn¥I¿- XßfpsS BNmcy\mbn°mWp∂ imkv{XØns≥d icn°p≈
Fw.F≥. tdmbnbptSXmWv F∂Xv {it≤bamWv. D]Pv R mXm°ƒ' Ad_nIfmsW∂v
{InkvXy≥ N¿®ns≥d AklnjvWpXbn¬ bh\ ]WvUnX∑m¿ B¿Pns® AeIv k m≠¿ thm¨ lwt_mƒ- ´ v
SpØ hnPvRm\ob߃ Ipgn®paqSs∏Sp∂ AhkvYsbØnbt∏mƒ Ahsc t]mepw AwKoIcn®Xv (Alexander Von
btYmNnXw kzo-Icn°pIbpw, B hnPvRm\ `mWvUßsf Bk∂amb \miØn Humboldt s≥d Cosmos-Vol II ¬\n∂v
¬\n∂v kwc£n°pIbpw sNbvXXv lmdq¨ djoZns\bpw Jeo^m aAvaqs\ Fw.F≥. tdmbn D≤cn®Xv).-
bpw t]mep≈ apkvenw Jeo^amcmbncp∂p. Cu kw`h߃ tdmbv Xs≥d {K\vY \tS hniZoIcn® Imcy߃
Øn¬ C{]Imcw tcJs∏SpØp∂p: ""\mSpISØs∏´ bh\ ]WvUnX∑msc J tN¿Øv hmbn®m¬ a\pjys≥d
eo^am¿ AhcpsS kwc£Wbn¬ ]cnc£n°pI am{Xambncp∂n√ sNbvXXv. hnPvRm\ XrjvWsb
]ucmWnI ]WvUnX∑mcpsS e`yamb F√m IrXnIfpw tiJcn°phm\p≈ ]cnt]mjn∏n°m\pw imkv{X
\n¿tZißfpw k∂mlßfpambn ka¿Y∑msc tdmam km{amPyØns≥d hnhn[ hnPvRm\ob߃ temIØv
`mKßfnte°v Ah¿ Ab°pIbpw sNbvXp ....... cmPy Øns≥d sNehn¬ {]Ncn∏n°phm\pw Ckvemw AXns≥d
kvYm]nXamb ]mTimeIƒ kapZmb Øns≥d F√m hn`mKßfnepws]Sp∂˛ tdmƒ Fßs\ \ndth‰nsb∂v
{]`pIpamc≥ apX¬ IptNe Ipamc≥ hsc˛ Bbnc°W°n\v hnZym¿ YnIƒ°v hyIvXamIp∂p. GsX¶nepw apkvenw
imkv{Xob hnPvRm\w ]I¿∂psImSpØp'' (The Historical Role of Islam- Ibid \ma[mcnIƒ h√hnt[\bpw Adnhv
Page: 86). imkv{Xo bPvRm\w {]Ncn∏nt°≠Xv aX]camb Hcp _m[yX t\Sp∂Xn¬\n∂pw a\pjys\
bmbn´mWv Ah¿ a\ nem°nbXv . Nne¿ AXn¬ kzbw ]¶psIm≠p. XS™n´ps≠¶n¬ AXv {]kv X pX
C°mcyhpw tdmbv hniZoIcn°p∂p. ""imkv {XhnPv R m\ hnIk\w hyIvXnbpsS A]cym]vXXbmbn´√msX
t{]mXvkmln∏n°pI am{Xa√, kzbw AXn¬ ]¶psIm≈pIbpw sNbvX Ckvemans≥d t]mcmbvabmbn
hn{ipX∑mcmb A∫mko Jeo^amcn¬ Hcmƒ am{Xambncp∂p aAvaq≥. IW°m°cpXv. Adnhv
{]_p≤cmb A∫mknIfmcpw Xs∂ CXns\mcp A] hmZambncp∂n√'' (Ibid {]Ncn∏n°p∂Xn\v Gsd {]m[m\yw
Page: 88). am{Xa√, hnPvRm\ hnIk\Øns≥d t\XrXzØn\v th≠n ]e sImSpØ aXamWv Ckvemw. PvRm\
apkvenw `cWm[nImcnIfpw aXvkcn®ncp∂p. B{^n°bnse ^mØnanIfpw kºmZ\sØbpw {]NcWsØbpw
kv s ]bn\nse AahnIfpw CXn\v DZml cWßfmWv . sIbv t dmhnse acWtijhpw {]Xn^ew e`n°p∂
{K\v Y mebØn¬ Hcpe£ Øn¬]cw {K\v Y ߃ D≠mbncp∂t∏mƒ ]pWyI¿aambn´mWv Ckvemw
sIm¿tUmh bn¬ Bdv e£tØmfw {K\vYßfp≠mbncp∂p. ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv . APv R Xsb
hnhn[ imkv{XtaJeIfn¬ temI Øn\v Ad_nIƒ \¬Inb kw`mh\I Ckvemw shdp°p∂p. Adnhv
ƒ AXpeyamWv. "tπt‰m, Acnkvt‰m´n ¬, bq¢nUv, A∏tfmWnbkv, tSmfan, e`n°p∂Xn\v th≠n
lnt∏m{Im‰kv, Kme≥ F∂nhcpsS apgp h≥ IrXnIfpw B[p\nI bqtdm∏ns≥d ]cn{ian°p∂tXmsSm∏w kZm
]nXm°∑m¿°v BZyambn e`n®Xv ]Wv U ntXmPnXamb hymJym\߃ {]m¿Yn°Wsa∂v Jp¿B≥ Hm¿as∏
ASßnb Ad_n hnh¿Ø\ßfneqsS bmbncp∂p. B[p\nI bqtdm∏v Ad_n SpØp∂p (hn.Jp. 20:114). hnPvRm\n
Ifn¬\n∂v A`ykn®Xv sshZyimkv{X hpw KWnXimkv{Xhpw am{Xambncp Iƒ°v alØmb kvYm\amWv Ckvemw
∂n√. a\pjys≥d ho£WsØ hnime am°pIbpw {]IrXnbpsS bm{¥nI I¬]n°p∂Xv . Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p:
\nb aßsf shfnhm°pIbpw sNøp∂ tPymXnimkv{XsØ Ad_nIƒ tkmXv ""\nßfn¬\n∂v hnizkn®hscbpw
kmlw ]cnt]mjn∏n®ncp∂p. \nco £WØn\p≈ \hot\m]IcWß fpsS hnPvRm\w \¬Is∏´hscbpw A√mlp
klmbØm¬ `q]cn[nsbIpdn®pw {KlßfpsS kvYm\sØbpw FÆsØ bpw ]e ]SnIƒ Db¿Øp∂XmWv'' (apPmZn
Ipdn®p≈ IrXyamb Adnhpw Ad_n XØzPvRm\nIƒ B¿Pn®ncp ∂p'' (Ibid e: 11). hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw kp∂Øpa\p
Page: 94). C°mcy߃ imkv { X kmlnXy ]cnjØpIm¿t]m epw kcn®v Pohn® bYm¿Y apkvenwIƒ
AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v . AhcpsS "am\w almXv ` pXw' F∂ {K\v Y Øn¬ hnPvRm\ {]NcWØn\v {ian®n´ps≠
\ap°nßs\ hmbn°mw: "temIØnse hnhn[ `mKßfnse imkv{X hnPvRm\w ∂pw kz¥sØ ssZhØn\v ka¿∏n®
h∂ps]SpIbpw ]e kvYeßfn te°pw hnPvRm \w ]IcpIbpw sNbvX Hcmƒ°pw Aßs\ sNømXncn°m≥
tI{µam bncp∂p Atd_y. tPymXnimkv{X ]ptcmKXnbpsS B[mcineIfn IgnbpIbns√∂pw apkvenwIfpw Aapkv
sem∂mb tKmfo b {XntImWanXn (Spherical trigonometry) Ad_n KWnX enwIfpw Hcpt]mse a\ nem°nbncp
imkv{X PvR∑mcpsS kw `mh\bmWv'. (am \w almXv`pXw, t]Pv 16, s{]m-^.
(ti-jw- t]-Pv-
]n. cmaN{µ ta t\m≥, tIcf imkv { X kmlnXy ]cnjØv , Xriq¿).
47¬-)
 A-√m-lp-hn-s\- A-dn-bp-I˛ 5 A-_v-Z-p¬- Jm-en-Jv-

ssZhnI knwlmk\hpw A[nImc]oThpw

Cu {]]©Ønse Xmf{Ia߃°p ""Ah≥ BZnbpw A¥na\pw {]Xy Xnbpw {]h¿Ø\ kzmX{¥yhpap≈

]n∂n¬ AZriyamb Ft¥m £ambh\pw ]tcm£ambh\pamWv. A√mlp cmPm[ncmP\msW∂mWv
iIvXnhntijßfps≠∂v kΩXn°p Ah≥ k¿hImcyßsf°pdn®pw Adn Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv.
∂hcn¬ Nne¿ {]kvXpX iIvXnsb hp≈h\pamWv-'' (Jp¿B≥ 57:1˛3.- ""blqZcpw {Inkv X ym\nIfpw ]d
hyIvXnhXvIcn°p∂Xns\ AwKoIcn ""Xm≥ Hcp Imcyw Dt±in®m¬ AXn ™p: R߃ A√mlphns≥d a°fpw
°mdn√. tIheamb Hcp iIvXntbm t\mSv D≠mIq F∂v ]dbpI am{XamIp Ah∂v {]nbs∏´hcpamIp∂p F∂v .
DWvabn√mØ Du¿Pcq]tam am{XamWv ∂p Ahs≥d Imcyw. At∏mgXm AXp (\_ntb) ]dbpI: ]ns∂ F¥n\mWv
AhcpsS k¶¬]Ønep≈ ssZhw; ≠mIp∂p'' (Jp¿B≥ 36:82).- \nßfpsS Ip‰ßƒ°v A√mlp \nßsf
kz¥amb CNvOmiIvXntbm ssIImcy in£n°p∂Xv? Aßs\b√, Ahs≥d
""Xo¿®bmbpw \ns≥d c£nXmhv
I¿XrXztam C√mØ Hcp tIheiIvXn. krjvSnIfn¬s]´ a\pjy¿ am{XamIp
Xm≥ Dt±in°p∂Xv XnI®pw \S∏nem
Cu ho£WsØ Ckv e mw AwKo ∂p \n߃. Ah≥ Dt±in°p∂h¿°v
°p∂h\mIp∂p' (Jp¿B≥ 11:107).-
Icn°p∂n√. kz¥amb CNvOmiIvXn Ah≥ s]mdpØpsImSp°pw. Ah≥ Dt±
bp≈h\pw kIeiIvXnbpsSbpw DSa {]]©sØ krjvSn°pI am{XamWv
in°p∂hsc Ah≥ in£n°pIbpw
kvY\pamWv Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp ssZhw sNbvXsX∂pw ]n∂oSv AXns\
sNøpw. BImißfpsSbpw `qanbpsS
∂ A√mlp. Ahs≥d CNvOb\pkcn kz¥ambn Nen°phm≥ hnSpIbmWv
bpw Ahbv ° nSbnep≈Xns≥dbpw
®mWv {]]©Ønse kIe Imcyßfpw sNbvXn´p≈sX∂pw Nne¿ hmZn°mdp
F√mw B[n]Xyw A√mlphn\s{X.
kw`hn°p∂Xv. ≠v. CXpw Ckvemw AwKoIcn°p∂n√.
Ah¶te°pXs∂bmWv- aS°w'' (Jp¿
{]]© krjvSn Ign™ Ggmw Znhk
""B[n]Xyw GsXmcphs≥d ssIbn B≥ 5:18).-
sØ kpJkºq¿Wamb hn{iaØn\p
emtWm Ah≥ A\p{Kl]q¿W\mbncn ""km£m¬ cmPmhmb A√mlp
tijw ssZhw XpS¿®bmbn hn{ian®p
°p∂p. Ah≥ GXp ImcyØn\pw Ignhp AXyp∂X\mbncn°p∂p. Jp¿B≥˛
sIm≠ncn°pIbmsW∂ hnizmkhpw
≈h\mIp∂p'' (Jp¿B≥ 67:1).- AXv \n\°v t_m[\w \¬Is∏´pI
Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. {]]©Ønse
""BImißfnepw `qanbnepap≈ Hmtcm Ne\Øn\p ]n∂nepw A√mlp gnbp∂Xn\p apºmbn˛]mcmbWw sNøp
sX√mw A√mlphn\v {]Io¿Ø\w sNbv hns≥d A]mcamb iIvXnhntijap ∂Xn\v \o [rXn ImWn°cpXv. "Fs≥d
Xncn°p∂p. Ah≥ {]Xm]nbpw bpIvXn s≠∂mWv Jp¿B\pw \_nhN\ßfpw c£nXmth F\n°v \o PvRm\w h¿[n
am\pas{X.'' hyIvXam°p∂Xv. "Ahs≥d A[nImc ∏n®p XtcWta' F∂v \o ]dbpIbpw
""Ah∂mIp∂p BImißfpsSbpw ]oTw BImi`qanIsf Dƒs°m≠ncn°p sNøpI'' (Jp¿B≥ 20: 114).-
`qanbpsSbpw B[n]Xyw. Ah≥ Pohn ∂p. AhbpsS kwc£Ww Ah\v `mc ""F∂m¬ bYm¿Y cmPmhmb A√m
∏n°pIbpw acn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p. amhn√. Ah≥ AXyp∂X\pw alXz lp D∂X\mbncn°p∂p Ah\√msX
Ah≥ k¿hImcyØn\pw Ignhp≈h\p tadnbh\pamIp∂p' (2:255).- bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√. alØmb
amWv.'' ]q¿Wamb A¿YØn¬ CNvOmiIv knwlmk\Øns≥d \mY\s{X Ah≥''
(Jp¿B≥ 23:116).-
B I m i ` q a n I f p s S
B[n]XyØns≥d DSa kvY\mb
km£m¬ cmPmhmWv A√mlp.
Ah\mWv `qanbn¬ Nne¿°v B[n]Xyw
\¬Ip∂Xv; a‰p Nnecn ¬\n∂v
B[n]Xyw FSp Øpam‰p∂Xpw Ah≥
Xs∂.
""]dbpI: B[n]XyØns≥d DSakv
Y\mb A√mlpth, \o Dt±in°p∂
 A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
h¿°v \o B[n]Xyw \¬Ip∂p. \o Adnbm≥ Ignbn√. Ahs≥d A[nImc ""BImißfpw `qanbpw Ah°nS
Dt±in°p∂hcn¬\n∂v \o B[n]Xyw ]oTw BImi`qanIsf apgph≥ Dƒs°m bnep≈Xpw Bdp Znhkßfn¬ krjv
FSpØp\o°pIbpw sNøp∂p. \o Dt± ≈p∂XmIp∂p. AhbpsS kwc£Ww Sn®h\mIp∂p A√mlp. ]n∂oSv Ah≥
in°p∂h¿°v \o {]Xm]w \¬Ip∂p. Ah\v H´pw `mcap≈X√. Ah≥ D∂ knwlmk\kvY\mbn. Ah∂p ]pdsa
\o Dt±in°p∂h¿°v \o \nµyX hcp X\pw alm\pat{X'' (2:255).- \n߃°v bmsXmcp c£m[nImcnbpw
ØpIbpw sNøp∂p. \ns≥d ssIhi ""Xo¿®bmbpw \nßfpsS c£nXmhv ip]m¿iI\pan√. F∂ncns° \n߃
as{X \∑bp≈Xv. \nivNbambpw \o Bdp Znhkßfnembn BImißfpw BtemNn®v {Kln°p∂nt√?'' (32:4).-
F√m ImcyØn∂pw Ignhp≈h\m `qanbpw krjvSn®h\mb A√mlphmIp ""Ah≥ ]ZhnIfpb¿∂h\pw knw
Ip∂p'' (Jp¿B≥ 3:26).- ∂p. F∂n´h≥ knwlmk\kvY\mbn lmk\Øns≥d A[n]\pamIp∂p.
cmPm°∑mcpsS B[n]XysØbpw cn°p∂p'' (7:54).- Xs≥d Zmk∑mcn¬\n∂v Xm≥ Dt±in°p
alXzsØbpw Ipdn°p∂bmWv Ah ""F∂m¬ Ah¿ Xncn™pIfbp∂ ∂h¿°v Xs≥d ktµiamIp∂ ssNX
cpsS knwlmk\߃. cmPm[ncmP\mb ]£w (\_ntb) \o ]dbpI: F\n°v \yw Ah≥ \¬Ip∂p. (a\pjy¿) ]ckv
A√mlphns≥d knwlmk\sØ°pdn®v A√mlp aXn. Ah\√msX Hcp ssZhhp ]cw I≠pap´p∂ ZnhksØ∏‰n Xm°o
Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p≠v. k¿thm∂X\mb an√. Ahs≥d taemWv Rm≥ `cta¬]n Xp \¬Ip∂Xn\pth≠nbt{X AXv''
Xºpcms≥d alXzØn\pw {]Xm]Øn ®ncn°p∂Xv . Ah\mWv alØmb (40:15).-
\pw A\ptbmPyamb coXnbnep≈ knw knwlmk\Øns≥d \mY≥''(9:129).- "" Bdp Znhkßfnembn BImiß
lmk\ambncn°pw Aht≥dXv. A√mlp fpw `qanbpw krjvSn®Xv Ah\t{X. Ah
""Xo¿®bmbpw \nßfpsS c£nXmhv
hns≥d alXzsØtbm {]Xm]sØtbm s≥d knwlmk\w sh≈Ønt∑embn
BImißsfbpw `qansbbpw Bdp Znh
Af°m\p≈ AfhptImepIƒ \ΩpsS cp∂p'-'(11:7.-
kßfnembn krjvSn°pIbpw ]n∂oSv
sbm∂pw ssIhian√. AXpsIm≠p
Imcy߃ \nb{¥n®psIm≠v knwlmk ""knwlmk\w hln°p∂hcpw AXn
Xs∂ Ahs≥d knwlmk\w GXp cq]
\kvY\mhpIbpw sNbvX A√mlphm s≥d Np‰nep≈hcpw (ae°pIƒ) Xßfp
Ønep≈XmiW∂v a\ nem°mt\m
Ip∂p'-' (10:3).- sS c£nXmhns\ kvXpXn°p∂tXmsSm
AXns\°pdn® km¶¬]nI Nn{Xap≠m
""]caImcpWnI≥ knwlmk\kvY ∏w Io¿Ø\w \SØpIbpw Ah\n¬
°phmt\m \ap°v Ignbn√. A\¥amb
\mbncn°p∂p. Ah∂p≈XmIp∂p hnizkn°pIbpw hnizkn®h¿°pth≠n
B[n]XyØns≥d DSbh\mb A√mlp
BImißfnep≈Xpw `qanbnep≈Xpw ]m]tamN\w tXSpIbpw sNøp∂p''
hns≥d knwlmk\sØ°pdn®v \nch[n
Ah°nSbnep≈Xpw aÆn\Snbnep≈ (40:7).-
Jp¿B≥ kqIvX߃ {]Xn]mZn°s∏
´n´p≠v. Xpsa√mw'-' (20:5,6.- ""ae°pIƒ AXns≥d \m\m`mKß
""\o tNmZn°pI: Ggv BImißfpsS fnepap≠mbncn°pw. \ns≥d c£nXmhn
"A¿iv' F∂ Ad_n ]ZsØbmWv
c£nXmhpw alØmb knwlmk\Øn s≥d knwlmk\sØ AhcpsS aosX
ssZhnIknwlmk\sa∂v ]cn`mjs∏Sp
s≥d \mY\pw BcmIp∂p? Ah¿ ]d A∂v F´v Iq´¿ hln°p∂XmWv'' (69:17).
Øp∂Xv. A√mlphpambn _\v[s∏´v
"Ip¿knøv' F∂mWv BbØp¬ Ip¿kn bpw: A√mlphn∂mIp∂p (c£mI¿Xr ssZhnI knwlmk\sØbpw A[n
øn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. "A[nImc]oTw' Xzw). \o ]dbpI: F∂m¬ \n߃ Imc]oTsØbpw Ipdn®v ssZhnIhN\
F∂mWv aebmf ]cn`mjIfn¬ Cu kq£vaX ]men°p∂nt√?'' (23:86˛87).- ßfpw {]hmNI {]t_m[\ßfpw
]ZsØ `mjm¥w sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. ""F∂m¬, bYm¿Y cmPmhmb ]d™pXcp∂sXt¥m AXv A∏Sn
A√mlphns≥d A[nImc]oTsØbpw A√mlp D∂X\mbncn°p∂p. Ah\ a\ nem°pIb√msX as‰mcp am¿Khp
knwlmk\sØbpw Ipdn®v ]cma¿in°p √msX bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√. alØmb an√. k¿hiIvXs≥d AkvXnXzw \Ωp
∂ GXm\pw kqIvX߃ ImWpI: knwlmk\Øns≥d \mY\t{X Ah≥'' sS hniZoIcWØn\v AXoXambXp
""A√mlp˛ Ah\√m sX (23: 116).- t]mse Ahs≥d knwlmk\hpw \Ωp
Bcm[y\n√. Fs∂ ∂pw sS hniZoIcWØn\XoXamWv. "Ah≥
Pohn®ncn°p∂h≥. F√mw
\nb{¥n°p∂h≥. ab°tam Dd°tam
Ah s\ _m[n°pIbn√. Ah
t≥dXmWv BImi`qanIfn ep≈sX√mw.
Ahs≥d A\phmZ{]Imca√msX
Ahs≥d ASp°¬ ip]m¿i \SØm≥
Bcp≠v? AhcpsS apºnep≈Xpw Ah
¿°v ]n∂nep≈Xpw Ah\dnbp∂p. Ah
s≥d Adnhn¬\n∂v Ah\nNvOn°p∂X
√msX (as‰m∂pw) Ah¿°v kq£vaambn
 A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
knwlmk\kv Y \mbncn°p∂p'sh∂v ≤ Jp¿B≥ _lpssZhk¶¬]Øn XΩnep≈ ]mckv]cyw hnkvabmhl
ssZhhN\w ]dbptºmƒ k¿htemIc s≥d \nc¿YIXbnte°p hnc¬Nq≠p amWv. kvYqe {]]©Øns≥d Imcy
£nXmhv Ahs≥d alXzØn\pw {]Xm ∂Xpw {]IrXnbnse Xmf{Iaßsf Ønepw kvYnXn CXpXs∂. {]m]©nI
]Øn\pw \nc°p∂ coXnbn¬ knwlm °pdn®v kqNn∏n®psIm≠mWv. \nbaßfpsS sFIcq]yw Ahsb√mw
k\kvY\mbncn°p∂psh∂v a\ nem a\pjyicocØnse Hmtcm hyhkv krjvSn®Xv Htc {kjvSmhpXs∂bm
°pI. "Ah\p Xpeycmbn BcpwXs∂bn Ybpw ]ckv]cw _\v[s∏´mWncn°p sW∂ hkvXpX hyIvXam°p∂p. hyXy
√' (112:4) "Ah∂v kZriyambn bmsXm ∂Xv. hyXykvX P¥pPme߃ XΩnep kvX ssZhßfmbncp∂p {]]©Ønse
∂pan√.' (42:11) F∂pap≈ Jp¿B≥ ≈ _\v[w kphnZnXamWt√m. sNdpXpw hyXykvX {]Xn`mk߃°p ]n∂nse
kqIvX߃ Hm¿an°pI. AJne NcmNc hepXpamb P¥p°ƒ ]ckv]cw B{i ¶n¬ Ah XΩn¬ Xmfs∏mcpØw D≠m
ßfpsSbpw ]cn]meI\mb Xºpcm≥ bn®mWv Pohn°p∂Xv . P¥p°fpw hp∂sXßs\bmWv? kvYeImess\
kkyßfpw kz¥w \ne\n¬]n\pth≠n c¥cyØn¬ {Zhyap≠m°p∂ hfhpI
Fßs\bmWv knwlmk\Øn¬ D]hn
]ckv]cw B{ibn°p∂p. P¥p°fns√ fmWv {]]©Øn¬ C∂p ImWs∏Sp∂
jvS\mbsX∂v ]dbm≥ \ap°v Ignbn√.
¶n¬ kky߃t°m kkyßfns√¶n {]`mkßfpsSsb√mw ASnkv Y m\
F∂m¬, Ahs≥d kØtbm KpWß
¬ P¥p°ƒt°m \ne\n¬°m≥ km[n ImcWsa∂ sF≥kv‰bns≥d Bt]
tfm {]h¿Ø\ßtfm H∂pwXs∂
°mØ coXnbnemWv `qan kwhn[m\n° £nIXmkn≤m¥w AwKoIcn®m¬
krjvSnIfpsSsbm∂ns\bpambn kmZr hyXykv X {]m]©nIhkv X p°sf
s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. Hmtcm PohnIƒ°pw
iys∏SpØn a\ nem°phm\pw ]mSn√; sb√mw {]kvXpX \nbaØn\v hnt[b
hyXykvX {kjvSm°fmbncp∂psh¶n¬
ImcWw AXv {kjvSmhns\ krjvSnI \m°nb GI\mb {kjvSmhns≥d Akv
Ah XΩnep≈ ]mckv]cyw \ne\n¬
tfmSv Xpe\w sNøemWv. A√mlp Ah XnXzw AwKoIcnt°≠nhcpw. Hscm‰
°pambncp∂n√. kkyßfpsS {kjvSm
s≥d alXzØn\v \nc°p∂ cq]Øn¬ {]m]©nIhkv X pt]mepw {]kv X pX
hpw P¥p°fpsS {kjvSmhpw Xßfn
knwlmk\kvY\mbncn°p∂psh∂v a\ NvOn°p∂ coXnbn¬ Ahsb \nb{¥n \nbaØn\XoXas√∂mWt√m sF≥
 nem°pItb \n¿hmlap≈q. ""Ah ®ncp∂psh¶n¬ B c≠p hn`mKhpw kv ‰ bn≥ kn≤m¥n®Xv . hyXykv X
s≥d A[nImc]oTw BImi`qanIsf \ne\n¬°pambncp∂n√. Cu hkvXpX BImitKmf߃°v hyXykvX {kjv
apgph≥ Dƒs°m≈p∂XmIp∂p'' (2:255) bnte°v Jp¿B≥ shfn®w hoip∂Xv Sm°fmbncp∂p D≠mbncp∂sX¶n¬
sh∂v Jp¿B≥ ]d™Xpw CtXt]m t\m°pI "A√mlp bmsXmcp k¥m\ Ah XΩn¬ Iq´nbnSn®p Ft∂m \in®p
seXs∂. A√mlphns≥d A[nImc]oT sØbpw kzoIcn®n´n√. Aht\msSm∏w t]mIpambncp∂p. {]]©Øns≥d B[n
hpw knwlmk\hpsa√mw Znhyclky bmsXmcp ssZhap≠mbn´pan√. Aßs\ ]XyØn¬ H∂ntesd iIv X nIƒ°v
ßfn¬ s]´hbmWv. Ahsb°pdn®v bmbncp∂psh¶n¬ Hmtcm ssZhhpw ]¶p≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬ AhcpsS
ssZhnIt_m[\w hgn \ap°v e`n®v Xm≥ krjvSn®Xpambn s]mbv°fbp Xm¬]cy߃ XΩnep≈ kwL´\w
Adnhv F¥mtWm AXv A∏Sn a\ nem Ibpw Ahcn¬ Nne¿ Nnesc ASn®a¿ {]]©Øns≥dbmsI \miØn\v Imc
°pIbmWv th≠Xv. Ahsb \ΩpsS ØpIbpw sNøpambncp∂p. \n߃ ]d WamIpambncp∂psh∂ hkvXpXbnte
hymJym\߃°p hnt[bam°n hnIe ™p≠m°p∂Xn¬\ns∂√mw A√mlp °v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ kqN\ \¬Ip∂Xv
am°p∂Xv am¿K{`wiØnt\ \nanØ F{X ]cnip≤≥'! (29:91).- {i≤n°pI "BImi`qanIfn¬ A√mlp
amIq. h√mØ ssZhßfpap≠mbncp∂psh
{]m]©nI hyhkvYbnepS\ofw Hcp
¶n¬ AXv c≠pw XIcmdmIpambncp∂p.
GI\pw AZznXob\pw Xcw Xmf{Iaw ImWs∏Sp∂psh∂
At∏mƒ knwlmk\ Øns≥d
{]m]©nI {]Xn`mk߃ Nq≠n°m hkvXpX \ntj[n°m\mhn√. ]Zm¿Y
\mY\mb A √mlp, Ah¿ ]d™p
Wn®psIm≠v k¿hiIvX\mb {kjvSm Øns≥d G‰hpw sNdnb IWamb B‰
≠m°p∂Xn¬ \ns∂ √mw F{X
hns≥d AkvXnXzw kvYm]n°p∂ hnip Øn\IsØ CeIvt{SmWpIfpw t{]m
]cnip≤\m Ip∂p!' (21:22).-
t´mWpIfpw \yqt{SmWpIfpw aotkm
WpIfpw t]mknt{SmWpIfpsa√mw A√mlphns\°pdn®v Jp¿B≥
]d™ Imcy ßfneqsS IS∂pt]mIp
tºmƒ Ahs≥d {]tXy IXbmbn
kqNn∏n®ncn°p∂ Hcp Imcyw \ΩpsS
khntij {i≤bmI¿jn°p ∂p.
Ah≥ "AlZv' BWv F∂Xs{X AXv.
AlZv F∂m¬ GI≥ F∂¿Yw.
ssZhnI kØbpsS GIXzhpw AZznXo
bXbpw Cu ]Zw Dƒs°m≈p∂p.
krjvSnIfn¬\n∂v {kjvSmhns\ th¿
Xncn®v \n¿Øp∂Xv Ahs≥d AlZn
 A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
øØv BsW∂v ]dbp∂Xn¬ sX‰n√. ]S® A√mlp am{XamWv F√m A¿Y B{ibam bn´p≈h\pamIp∂p. Ah≥
F√m A¿YØnepw "AlZv ' BWv Ønepw GI\mbn´p≈h≥. Ah≥ ]Zm ]nXmthm k¥Xntbm A√. Ah\p
F∂p ]dbm≥ ]‰p∂ Hcp AkvXnXzhpw ¿YmXoX\mbXn\m¬Xs∂ ]Zm¿YØn Xpeyambn H∂pwXs∂bn√' (112:1˛4).
krjvSn{]]©Ønen√. ]Zm¿YtemI s≥d auenIkz`mhamb "_lpXzw' A√mlphns\°pdn® CkvemanI
Ønse Hmtcm hkvXphns≥dbpw Ahs≥d kØbn¬ C√Xs∂. Ah≥ ho£WØns≥d kay°mb Hcp hnh
\ne\n¬]v a‰p ]e hkvXp°fpsSbpw GI\mWv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ BcpsS cWamWnsX∂ hkvXpX Jp¿B≥ hym
\ne\n¬]pambn _\v[s∏´mWncn°p bpw B{iban√msX \ne\n¬°p∂h JymXm°sf√mw kqNn∏n®n´p≠v. A√m
∂Xv. H∂pw Hc¿YØnepw kzX{¥a√. \pamWv. `uXnI hkvXp°ƒs°m∂pw lphns\°pdn®v BZyambn ]dbp∂
H∂nt\msSm∂v _\v[s∏´pInS°p∂ Xs∂ ]cm{iban√msX \ne\n¬°m\m c≠p hntijW߃ Ahs≥d kØ
Iptd AkvXnXzßfpsS kmIeyamWv hn√. sb kw_\v[n®v \ap°v a\ nem°m≥
]Zm¿YtemIw. ChnsS Hcp hkvXphn A√mlp AlZmsW∂v ]dbptºm Ignbp∂Xns≥d ]camh[n a\ nem°n
s\bpw a‰p kIe hkvXp°fn¬\n∂pw ƒ AXn¬\n∂v c≠p Imcy߃ a\ n Øcp∂p≠v . H∂maXmbn, A√mlp
th¿s]SpØn a\ nem°m≥ Ignbn√. em°m≥ Ignbp∂p. H∂v, D]cnkqNn AlZmsW∂ ImcyamWXv. ]caamb
F√mw ]ckv]cw _\v[s∏´pw B{ibn Xamb Ahs≥d _lpXzan√mbvabmWv; GIXzahImis∏Sm≥ Ignbp∂ Htc
®pamWncn°p∂Xv. H∂n\pw ]caamb F√m A¿YØnepw GIw F∂p ]dbm sbmcp DWva A√mlphnt≥dXp am{Xam
GIXzahImis∏Sm≥ Ignbns√∂p hp∂ AkvXnXzw A√mlphn\v am{Xta Wv. c≠maXmbn A√mlp kzaZv BsW
kmcw. bp≈qsh∂ hkvXpX. A√mlp AZzn ∂ ImcyamWv. H∂ns≥dbpw B{ibw
]Zm¿YØns≥d ASnkvYm\ kz`mh Xob\msW∂ hkvXpXbmWv c≠ma Bhiyan√mØh\pw F∂m¬ Ah
ßfnsem∂mWv AXns≥d _lpXzw tØXv . Hc¿YØnepw A√mlphn\v s≥d B{ibw IqSmsX H∂n\pw \ne
(multiplicity). GIsa∂v F√m A¿Y Xpeyamsbmcp AkvXnXzw krjvSn{]] \n¬°m≥ km[n°mØh\psa∂mWv
Ønepw hntijn∏n°phm≥ ]‰nb bm ©Øntem ]pdtØm Cs√∂ hkvXp kzaZns≥d hnh£. krjvSnIfpsS \ne
sXm∂pwXs∂ ]Zm¿YtemIØn√. ]Zm X. kØbnepw kz`mhßfnepw {]h¿ \n¬]pXs∂ ]ckv]cw B{ibn®psIm
¿Yw ]S°s∏´ auenI IWsØ At\z Ø\ßfnepw A√mlp AZznXob\m ≠msW∂v ]d™pht√m. A√mlphn
jn®psN∂ AWp`uXnIw Cs∂Øn Wv. A√mlphns≥d kØ°p Xpeyam ∂mIs´ \ne\n¬°m≥ BcpsSbpw
t®¿∂ncn°p∂Xv auenIIWsa∂v b Hcp hkvXphpan√. Ahs≥d kz`mh B{ibw Bhiyan√. Ahs≥d B{i
hntijn∏n°m≥ ]‰p∂ bmsXm∂pwX ßfn¬ bmsXm∂pwXs∂ krjvSnIƒ bw sIm≠mWv krjvSnIsf√mw \ne\n
s∂bns√∂ hkvXpXbnemWv. aqeIß s°m∂n\pan√; Ahs≥d {]h¿Ø\ ¬°p∂XpXs∂. A√mlphns\ kw_
ƒ hyXykvX A\p]mXßfn¬ IqSnt®¿ ߃°p Xpeyamb {]h¿Ø\߃ \v[n®v kzaZv' F∂ hntijWw Hcn°
∂mWv hyXykvX hkvXp°fp≠mhp sNøm≥ a‰m¿°pw km[yhpa√. ¬°qSn Ahs\°pdn®v \ap°v kq£va
∂Xv. B‰ßƒ IqSnt®¿∂mWv aqeI A√mlphns≥d GIXzhpw ]cm{i ambn a\ nem°phm≥ Ignbns√∂v
ßfpsSbpw kwbpIvXßfpsSbpw X∑m ban√mbvabpw kay°mbpw AtXmsSm hyIvXam°p∂p. Hcp hkvXpsh°pdn®v
{XIfp≠mhp∂Xv. CeIv t{Sm¨, ∏w kw£n]vXambpw AhXcn∏n°p∂ \ap°v t\cn´p a\ nem°phm≥ Ignbn
t{]mt´m¨, \yq t{Sm¨, aotkm¨, Jp¿B\nse sNdnsbmcp A[ymbamWv s√¶n¬ AXv B{ibn®p\n¬°p∂ a‰p
t]mkn t{Sm¨ XpSßnb IWß fmWv kqdXp¬ CJvemkzv. {]kvXpX hkv X p°sf°pdn®v ]Tn®psIm≠v
B‰Ønep≈Xv. Ch auenIIWßfm A[ymb Øns≥d kmcw Cßs\bmWv: AXns\°pdn®v Iptdsb√mw a\ nem
sW∂mbncp∂p hnizkn °s∏´ncp∂Xv. °m\mhpw. A√mlp as‰m∂ns\bpw
"]dbpI: Imcyw A√mlp
F∂m¬, Chbpw Izm¿°pIƒ sIm≠v B{ibn®√ \ne\n¬°p∂sX∂Xn\m
GI\mWv F∂XmIp∂p. A√mlp
\n¿an°s∏´Xm sW∂pw Izm¿°pIƒ°v ¬ B Hcp am¿Kap]tbmKn®pw AXns\
]cm{ibw th≠mØh\pw kIe¿°pw
kzX{¥ambn \ne \n¬°m\mhns√∂p °pdn®v a\ nem°pI Akm[yamWv.
amWv ]pXnb Nne KthjW߃
hyIv X am°p∂Xv . auenIIWsa∂v
hnfn°mhp∂ bmsXm∂pw ]Zm¿Y
temIØns√∂mWt√m CXn¬\n∂v
a\ nemIp∂Xv. AXpsIm≠mWv
B[p\nI A`uXnIPv R cn¬ Nne¿
_lpXzw ]Zm¿YØns≥d auen
Ikz`mhamsW∂ \nKa\ØnseØn
t®¿∂ncn°p∂Xv.
]Zm¿YsØbpw {]]©sØbpw
 A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
Ahs\ Adnbphm≥ {]amZapIvXamb Ime kmXXyØn∂XoX\mb A√mlp k\kv Y \mbncn°p∂p' F∂nßs\
ssZhnI {]amWßsf B{ibn°pIb Hcp amXmhns≥d DZcØn¬ hfcpIbpw A¿Yw ]dbmhp∂XmWv . GXm\pw
√msX a‰p \n¿hmlßsfm∂pans√∂v {]khn°s∏SpIbpw sNøpIsb∂Xv Jp¿B≥ kqIvX߃ ImWpI:
kmcw. k¶¬]n°m≥Xs∂ Ignbn√. P\\w, "AhnsS (`qapJØv) D≈ F√mhcpw
"Ah≥ ]nXmthm k¥Xntbm acWw XpSßnbhsb√mw kvYeIme \in®pt]mIp∂XmIp∂p. alXzhpw
A√'sb∂ Jp¿B\nI ]cma¿iw A√m Øn\ItØ°v A√mlp \n¿Wbn® DZmcXbpw D≈h\mb \ns≥d c£n
lphns\ kw_\v[n®v \ne\n∂ncp∂ {]Xn`mkßfs{X. A√mlphn¬ P\\w Xmhns≥d apJw Ahtijn°p∂XmWv'
c≠v aq-Vhnizmkßsf XncpØpIbm Btcm]n°p∂h¿ Ahs\ kvYeIm (55:26, 27).
Wv sNøp∂Xv. ssZhØn\v ]p{X∑mcpw eØn¬ ]cnanXs∏SpØpIbmWv
"Xo¿®bmbpw \nt∂mSv {]XnPvR
]p{Xnamcpaps≠∂ hnizmkamWv H∂m sNøp∂Xv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂, ]ca
sNøp∂h¿ A√mlphnt\mSpXs∂bm
atØXv. {InkvXym\nIƒ tbip ssZh amb GIXzsa∂ ssZhnIkØbpsS
Wv {]XnPvR sNøp∂Xv. A√mlphn
]p{X\msW∂v hmZn°pI hgn bYm¿ khntij{]IrXn°v hncp≤amWXv.
s≥d ssI AhcpsS ssIIƒ°v aosX
YØn¬ ssZhnIkØbpsS G‰hpw "Ah∂p Xpeyambn´v Bcpw Xs∂bn bp≠v' (48:10).
henb khntijXbmb GIXzsØ √'sb∂ kqdØp¬ CJvemkznse Ah
"A√mlphns≥d Ic߃ _\v[n°
\ntj[n°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. {Xntb km\sØ ]cma¿ihpw ssZhnIkØ
s∏´ncn°pIbmsW∂v blqZnIƒ
Ihnizmkw ssZhnI GIXzØns≥d sb°pdn®v a\pjy\v Ahs≥d A]
]d™p. AhcpsS Ic߃ _\v[nXam
hyIv X amb \ntj[amsW∂ Imcyw {KY\ coXnbp]tbmKn®v kq£vaambn
Is´. B ]d™ hm°p \nanØw Ah¿
FSpØp]dtb≠Xn√. kØbn¬ Adnbm≥ Ignbns√∂v hyIvXam°p∂
i]n°s∏´ncn°p∂p. A√, Ahs≥d
H∂mb aq∂p hyIvXnIsf k¶¬]n°p XpXs∂. hkv X p°sf°pdn® ]T\
CcpIcßfpw \nh¿Øs∏´Xmhp∂p.
∂Xnte°v ss{IkvXhk` \bn°s∏´ Øn\v km[mcWbmbn D]tbmKn°p∂
Ah≥ Fßs\ Dt±in°p∂pthm Aß
Xns≥d {][m\s∏´ ImcWw ssZh]p{X Hcp am¿KamWv Ah°v Xpeyamb a‰p
s\ sNehgn°p∂p' (5:64).
k¶¬]amsW∂v ImWm\mhpw. ]nXr hkvXp°sf°pdn®v ]Tn°pIsb∂Xv.
kz`mh߃ ]p{X\n¬ {]Xn^en "A√mlphn\v Xpey\mbn Bcpw "\ΩpsS I¨apºn¬ sh®pw \ΩpsS
°psa∂ kmam\y XØz{]Imcw ssZh Xs∂bn√' (112:4)sb∂ \ntj[Øn \n¿tZi{]Imchpw \o I∏¬ \n¿an°p
]p{X\mbn hmgvØs∏´ {InkvXp sas√ eqsS {]kvXpX km[yXbpw X≈n°f I' (11:37).
sas√ ssZhnIkØbnte°v kvYm\m bpIbmWv Jp¿B≥ sNøp∂Xv. "Ah\v "\ΩpsS I¨apºn¬sh®pw \ΩpsS
tcmlWw sNøn°s∏´Xmbn´mWv {XnXz kZriambn H∂pwXs∂bn√'(42:11)sb∂ \n¿tZi{]Imchpw I∏ep≠m°pI
Øns≥d Ncn{XØn¬ \mw ImWp∂Xv. Jp¿B\nI ]cma¿ihpw {kjvSmhns≥d F∂v At±lØn\v \mw ktµiw \¬
amemJam¿ ssZh]p{XnIfmbn kØsb krjvSnIfptSXpambn Xmc In' (23:27).
k¶¬]n°s∏´ncp∂ kaqlßfnse Xayw sNbvXv a\ nem°m\p≈ " ] c a I m c p W n I ≥
kvYnXnbpw XssYh. "Ah≥ k¥Xn km[yXsb ]q¿Wambn \ntj[n°p∂p. knwlmk\kvY\mbncn °p∂p' (20:5).
b√ AYhm P\n®h\√ F∂ \ntj[w Jp¿B\n¬ ""bZp√mln, hPplp "BImißfpw `qan bpw Bdp
as‰mcp aq-V[mcWIqSn XncpØp∂Xn\p d∫n°, _nAAvbp\n\m, A¿dlvam≥ Znhk(L´)ß fnembn krjvSn®h\m
th≠nbmWv {]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv . Ae¬ A¿inkvXh'' XpSßnb Nne Wh≥. ]n∂oSv Ah≥
AhXmc k¶¬]amWXv. ssZhw `qan ]cma¿i߃ ImWmw. Chbv°v bYm knwlmk\kvY\mbn'(57:4).
bn¬ a\pjycq]Øn¬ P\n®phfcpI {Iaw "A√mlphns≥d ssI' "\ns≥d
CØcw Nne ]cma¿i߃ \_n
bpw [¿akwkvYm]\w \SØpIbpw c£nXmhns≥d apJw', \ΩpsS I¨ap
samgnIfnepw ImWmhp∂XmWv. A√m
sNøpsa∂ hnizmkw hnhn[ aXkaql ºn¬sh®v', "]caImcpWnI≥ knwlm
lphns≥d kØsb kw_\v[n®v \ap
߃°nSbn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂p. kvYe
s°m∂padnbns√∂pw ssZhnI t_m[
\w hgn {]hmNI≥ (k) Adnbn®pX∂
Imcy߃ A∏Sn kzoIcn°pI am{Xta
A°mcyØn¬ \ap°v sNøp\p≈qsh
∂pw \mw a\ nem°nbt√m. Cu kqIv
Xßfnse ]cma¿ißfnse kvYnXnbpw
CXn¬\n∂v `n∂a√. Chbv°v A√mlp
hpw dkqepw (k) ]d™Xnep]cn bm
sXmcp hniZoIcWhpw \¬Im≥ B¿

(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 50¬-)

 A-\p-`-hw-
ap\o¿ Alv-aZv, Ip∂Øp]mew

A\yYmNn¥nXw Imcyw!

"A\yYm Nn¥nXw Imcyw hmtf¥n sN≠tafØns\mØv Xp≈p∂ sXø߃°v ]gb

ssZha\y{X Nn¥tb¬' ImeØv hfsctbsd ZnhyXzw I¬]n°s∏´ncp∂p. (s]cph
Æm≥ kapZmb°mcmWv IqSpXepw sXøw sI´nbmSpI). B
F∂v tI´n´nt√? "\mw H∂v Nn¥n°p∂p, ssZhw as‰m∂v a\pjyssZhßfpsS apºn¬ `IvXP\w Ipºn´v hgn]mSv \S
hn[n°p∂p' F∂v. A√mlphns≥d A]mcamb A\p{Klß Øpw, kIe BhemXnIfpw ka¿∏n°pw. ssZhtabns√∂v
tfm¿Øm¬ CsX{X icnbmWv. Hcn°¬t]mepw Nn¥n®n´n IcpXnt∏m∂ Fs∂t∏mep≈h¿°v Xßsft∏mse amwkhpw
√mØ ImcyßfmWv PohnXØn¬ kw`hn®Xv. Hm¿aIfpsS aPvPbpap≈ as‰mcp a\pjys≥d apºn¬ "ssZhta' F∂v
Npcpfgn®v Xncn™pt\m°ptºmƒ FhnsStbm tI´pad∂ IY ]d™v IpºnSp∂ P\tØmSpw BNmctØmSpw shdp∏mbn
t]mse tXm∂p∂p. ]t£, \S∂sX√mw kXyamWv, kXyw cp∂p. ]t£, F¥psNømw. F\nt°m kplrØp°ƒt°m
am{Xw. t\¿°pt\sc H∂pw sNøm≥ Ignbpambncp∂n√. ImcWw,
ap∏Ønapt°mSn tZh∑m-scbpw, FÆa‰ A\mNmcß Fs≥d Xdhm´n¬Xs∂ ap∏Ønc≠v "sXø'ßfp≠mbncp∂p.
sfbpw s\©nte‰n \S°p∂ Hcp kapZmbØn¬\n∂v Fs∂ IÆq¿ Pn√bnse ]gatbdnb Hcp \ºym¿ Xdhm´nemWv
¶nepw kzbw ]dn Rm≥ ]nd∂phf¿∂Xv. ]gabpsSbpw {]Xm]Øns≥dbpw
s®dnbs∏Spsa∂v kvamcIßfmbn Hcp \mepsI´pw s\Spap‰hpw Xdhm´p ]d
ap∏Ønapt°mSn tZh∑m-scbpw, In\mhpt]mepw
ºØv ap∏Ønc≠v "tIm´'ßfpw (sNdnb tImhnepIƒ) C∂p
FÆa‰ A\mNmcßsfbpw s\ I≠X√. F√mw ap≠v. Ipw`amkw 14, 15 XobXnIfnemWv Xdhm´p]dºØv
©nte‰n \S°p∂ Hcp kapZmb A √ m l p h n s ≥ d ap∏Ønc≠v sXø߃ sI´nbmSp∂ XndbpXvkhw \S°pI.
Øn¬\n∂v Fs∂¶nepw kzbw "hn[n'bmsW∂v AXv \m´pImcpsSIqsS DXvkhambncp∂p A∂v. I≠I¿
]dns®dnbs∏Spsa∂v In\mhp C∂v Rm≥ Xncn® W≥, Ip´n®mØ≥, ss`ch≥, t]mXn, hkqcname, `{ZImfn,
dnbp∂p. _p≤nh ZmcnI≥ F∂nßs\ t]mIp∂p Xdhm´n¬ sI´nbmSp∂
t]mepw I≠X√. F√mw A√m ∂ \mƒapX¬
"sXø'ßfpsS t]cpIƒ. XdhmSnt\mSv _\v[ap≈ ap∏Øn
lphns≥d "hn[n'bmsW∂v C∂v Rm≥ AºeØn c≠v "Xmhgn'IfpsS IpetZhXIfmbncp∂p Hmtcm sXøhpw.
Rm≥ Xncn®dnbp∂p. ¬ t]mbn´n√; hoSn "Xnd' DXvkhw Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v GgpZnhkw apºv A©v
\SpØpXs∂ A s]m≥]Whpw 16 ]d s\√pw c≠pIpe ]ghpw c≠ptk¿
Xp≠mbncp∂n´p Ahnepw aq∂nSßgn shfns®Æbpw sNehnte°v Hmtcm
t]mepw. "ssZh'\matØmSv F\n°v HcpXcw ]pNvOambncp IpSpw_hpw (Xmhgn) Xdhm´nte°v FØn®ncn°Wsa∂v
∂p. IayqWnkv ‰ v kn≤m¥ßfmbncp∂p a\ p\ndsb. \nbaap≠v. ap∏Ønc≠v IpSpw_ßfpw HØptNcp∂Xv h¿j
A\mNmcßfpw A\oXnIfpw \SØn Ahbv° - v \ymboIcWw Ønsemcn°¬ \S°p∂ XndbpXvkhØns≥d c≠v Zn\ßfn
Is≠Øm\p≈ Ipdp°phgnbmWv "ssZhw' F∂ ]Zsa∂pw, ¬ am{Xw.
Aßs\sbm∂ns√∂pambncp∂p Fs≥d [mcW. AØcØn
¬ A£¥hyamb Hc\mNmcw kz¥w Xdhm´n¬ \S∂psIm 1972emWv kw`hw. B h¿jsØ DXvkhØns≥d GsX
≠ncp∂Xp- XSbm≥ {ian®XmWv Fs≥d PohnXØnse hgn ¶nepw Hcp NSßv BcpadnbmsX apS°Wsa∂v R߃ Xocp
ØncnhmbXv F∂v ]dbmw. AXv AdnbWsa¶n¬ Fs≥d am\n®p. AXpsIm≠v H∂pw kw`hn°m\ns√∂v P\߃
IpSpw_ ]ivNmØew hnhcnt® aXnbmIq. kzbw a\ nem°m\p≈ Ahkcsamcp°pIbmbncp∂p R
ßfpsS e£yw. DXvkhØns≥d Bcw`w Ipdn°p∂ NSßm
hSt° ae_mdn¬, {]tXyIn®v IÆq¿, Imk¿tImUv Wv "tImgnsh´v'.- AXv apSßn-bm¬ DXvkhw apSßpIbns√
Pn√Ifn¬ Gsd {]Nmcap≈ Hcp A\pjvTm\ Iemcq]amWv ¶nepw \m´n¬ ssZhtIm]hpw AcmPIXzhpw D≠mIpsa∂m
"sXøw' (ssZhw F∂ ]Zw tem]n®v "sXø'ambXmImw). ]®a Wv hnizmkw. (GsX¶nepw ImcWØm¬ Hcp I¿aw apSßn
Sepw IpcptØmebpw sIm≠p≈ apSnsh®v, Nph∂ ]´pSpØv, bm¬ adpI¿aw sNbvXv ]cnlmcw tXSmsa∂v hn[nbp≠v).
taemkIew Np´nIpØn, Imen¬ NneºWn™v, Iøn¬ BZyI¿aamb "tImgnsh´v' XS™psIm≠v XpSßmsa∂v
R߃ t\csØ Xocpam\n®ncp∂p. Ipw`amkw 13˛mw XobXn B tXm∂¬ hf¿∂ph∂p. ]t£, FhnsSbmWv ssZhw?
A¿[cm{Xn Xdhm´nse henb shfn®∏mSmWv B I¿aw HSphn¬ H∂camksØ NnInXvk°ptijw tcmKw amdn
\SØpI. Rm≥ Bkv]{Xn hn´p. C\nsbmcn°epw aZy]n°pIbns√∂v
Xdhm´p]dºn¬\n∂v GItZiw \m\qdv ao‰¿ AIse Hcp kXyw sNbvXtijsa tUm. sk_mkv‰y≥ Ft∂mSv hnS]d
Ipfap≠v. Ipf°Shnse Ce™nØdbn¬ tImgnsb sh´n ™p≈q.
tNmcsIm≠v X¿∏Ww sNbvXv XncnsI Xdhm´v ap‰sØØn ]q\bn¬Xs∂ XpS¿∂m¬ ho≠pw aZy]n®pt]mIptam
ImcWhcn¬\n∂v Z£nW hmßn At±lsØbpw IpSpw_mw F∂ `bØm¬ Iº\nbnse tPmen cmPnsh®v 1983 G{]n¬
Kßsfbpw A\p{Kln®v Ign™m¬ ImcWh¿ IpSpw_\mY amkw Rm≥ tZimS\Øn\ndßn. ]pWykvYeßsf∂v t]cp
∑mtcmSpw \mev \m´p{]amWnamtcmSpw "B´w XpSßmw' F∂v tI´ ]e CSßfnepw IdßnØncn™v 1984¬ Rm≥ tImgn
aq∂ph´w hnfn®p]dbpw.- XpS¿∂v ap∏Ønc≠v BNmcshSn t°ms´Øn. anTmbn sXcphnep≈ Hcp temUvPn¬ apdnsbSp
Iƒ apgßpw. DXv k hw XpSßpIbmbn. BZyandßp∂ Øp. A∂v cm{Xn Xosc Ddßnbn√. ]nt‰∂v ImeØv A©pa
"sXøw' `{ZImfnbptSXmbncn°pw. GsX¶nepw ImcWØm¬ Wn°v Fgpt∂‰v ]pdØndßn. anTmbn sXcphns≥d sXt°
"tImgnsh´v' I¿aØn\v `wKw t\cn´m¬ a™fpw \qdpw Acn A‰Øp\n∂v ]Sn™mtdm´v Xncn™v \S∂p. IS∏pdtØ°m
s∏mSnbpw tN¿Øv Xbmdm°p∂ "KpcpXn' Xdhm´pap‰sØ bncp∂p e£yw. sdbn¬th ]mew IS∂v henbßmSnbnte°v
XpfknØdbn¬ Xfn®v DXvkhw XpSßmsa∂v ]cnlmcap≠v. {]thin°p∂nSsØØnbt∏mtg°pw {]`mX \akvImcØn
B h¿jwhsc Aßs\sbm∂v th≠nh∂n´n√. \p≈ _m¶v hnfn apgßn. Hcp \nanjw, Fs∂ GtXm HcZriy
"tImgnsh´v' \SØm≥ henb shfn®∏mSv Xdhm´v ap‰Øp iIvXn ]nSn®p\n¿Ønbt]mse tXm∂n. I¿Wm\µIcamb
\n∂pw Ipf°Shnte°v X\n®mWv t]mhpI. t]mIp∂hgn i_vZam[pcn. AXnse ]Z߃°v Akm[mcWamb HcmI¿
bnepw Ipf°Shns≥d ]cnkcØpw Bcpap≠mhn√. henb jW iIvXnbps≠∂v F\ns°mcp tXm∂¬. as‰hnsSbpw
shfn®∏mSv t]mIp∂Xpw I¿aw \SØp∂Xpw Bcpw ImW Aßs\sbm∂v tI´n´n√. (Atd_y≥ \mSpIfn¬ _m¶phnfn
cpsX∂mWv {]amWw. hgnbnep≈ amhv ad™p\n∂v tImgn °p∂Xv tI´n´nt√, AtX ssienbnembncp∂p _m¶v).
bpw hmfpw ]nSns®SpØv DSs\Xs∂ AhnsS\n∂v IS∂pIf "]pgh°'sØ]≈n F∂mWv B ]≈nbpsS t]cv. AhnsS
bWsa∂mWv R߃ Xocpam\n®ncp∂Xv. ]ns∂bhnsS ]t£, ]pgsbm∂pan√. AhnsS\n∂v Rm≥ dqante°pXs∂
\n∂m¬ ]nSn°s∏Spw. Hcp]t£, RßfpsS Poh≥Xs∂ Xncn®v \S∂p. "A√mlp AIv_¿'.- F¥mWm hm°ns≥d
A]ISØnemhpIbpw sNøpw. \nivNbn® {]ImcwXs∂ A¿Yw? Rm≥ Ft∂mSpXs∂ tNmZn®p. Znhtk\ _m¶v hnfn
Rm\pw IqsSbp≈ aq∂v kplrØp°fpw {]h¿Øn®p. ]nSn tIƒ°pI F∂Xv Hcp ]Xnhm°n. ({]`mXkabØp≈ {]im
s®SpØ tImgnbpw hmfpw R߃ sXm´SpØ Im´nte°v ¥amb \n»_vZXbn¬ B _m¶v hnfn tIƒ°ptºmgp≈
hens®dn™v AhnsS\n∂v HmSn. CShgnbpw ]dºpsams° B\µw HcmthiapW¿Øp∂Xpt]mse A\p`hs∏´pXpS
Xm≠n B cm{XnXs∂ kn‰nbnseØn aZncmin°v h≠nbdn. ßn). ]ns∂ ]e apkvenw ktlmZcßfpambn _\v[s∏´p.
(DXvkhw apSßmXncn°m≥ ]cnlmcI¿aw sNbvXpsh∂pw kwib߃ tNmZn®dn™p.- hmbn®p. BcmWv A√mlp?
Rßsf Xncn®dn™v Xdhm´nepw IpSpw_Ønepw hne°v \_n Xncpta\nbpsS PohnXw Fßs\bmbncp∂p? Jp¿B≥
I¬]n®psh∂pw Ipsd amk߃°ptijw F\n°v hnhcw BcptSXmWv? a\ nemhpt¥mdpw AXphscbp≈ PohnXw
In´n. AtXmsS \mSpw hoSpambp≈ _\v[w F∂t∂°pambn hy¿Yambnt∏mbn F∂ Nn¥ a\ n¬ hfcm≥ XpSßn. C\n
apdn™p). _m°nbp≈ Imew GIssZh hnizmknbmbn A√mlphns≥d
hgnbn¬ Ignbm≥ Rm\pd®p. tImgnt°ms´Øn \mepamk
aZncminbn¬\n∂v IdßnØncn™v R߃ almcmjv{Sbn
Øn\ptijw "ilmZØv Iena' (km-£y-hm-Iyw)- sNm-√n-
se ]q\bnseØn. kplrØp°ƒ aq∂pt]cpw ]´mfØn¬
Rm≥ Ckvemw kzoIcn®p.
tN¿∂p. XmaknbmsXXs∂ F\n°v Hcp Iº\nbn¬ tPmen
icnbmhpIbpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSp≈ Fs≥d PohnXw Hc¿Y 1985¬ tImgnt°mSv SuWn\SpØv Ip≠p߬ {]tZi°mcn
Øn¬ kpJIcambncp∂p. a\ n\nWßnb tPmen, Xct°Sn bmb Zcn{Zbmb Hcp apkvenw kv{Xosb Rm≥ hnhmlw Ign®p.
√mØ iºfw, CS°v Rm≥ aZy]n°m≥ XpSßn. ]ns∂]ns∂ Ct∏mƒ aq∂v a°ƒ. kvYncXmakw tImgnt°mSpXs∂.
AsXmcp Zn\Ncybmbn. ]Xns\m∂ph¿jw Aßs\ Ign- kz¥sa∂v ]dbm≥ Hcp \mev sk≥dv `qanbpw AXn¬
™p.- Hcp Znhkw s\©n¬ Ieiemb thZ\ tXm∂n. ]q\ ]WnXocmØ sIm®p]pcbpw am{Xw. F¶nepw PohnXØns≥d
saUn°¬ ^ut≠j≥ \SØp∂ dq_n tlmkv]n‰en¬ hk¥ImeamWv Ct∏msgs∂\n°v tXm∂p∂p. a\ n\v
Rm≥ AUvan‰v sNøs∏´p. tIm´bØpImc\mb tUm. sk_m kam[m\ap≈ Znhk߃.
kv‰y\mbncp∂p tlmkv]n‰¬ Im¿UntbmfPn hn`mKØns≥d aZncminbnse aebmfn apkvenwIƒ \SØp∂ "ae_m¿
Xeh≥. BZysØ H∂pc≠v ZnhkwsIm≠pXs∂ Rm\pw apkvenw Atkmkntbj≥' F∂ kwLS\bpsS Bdv {_m©v
tUmIvSdpw D‰kplrØp°sft∏msebmbn. A{X lrZyambn Hm^okpIfn¬ H∂ns≥d amt\Pcmbn \meph¿jambn Rm≥
cp∂p At±lØns≥d s]cpam‰w. Fs≥d F√m Imcyßfpw tPmen sNbvXphcp∂p. CXv A√mlphns≥d hn[nb√msX
tI´pIgn™t∏mƒ F√mw ssZhØns≥d hn[nbmsW∂pw as‰¥mWv ? ChnsS Cu hcnIƒ°v {]kIv X ntbdp∂p.
tcmKw t`ZamIm≥ Znhtk\ {]m¿Yn°Wsa∂pw tUmIvS¿ "A\yYm Nn¥nXw Imcyw. ssZha\y{X Nn¥tb¬!'
]d™p. BZysam∂pw AbmfpsS hm°pIƒ Rm≥ A{X
Imcyam°nbn√. ho≠pw ho≠pw At±lØns≥d D]tZiw
tIƒ°m≥ XpSßnbt∏mƒ ssZhaps≠∂v F\n°v tXm∂n.
 AXv`pXhpw
ZnhyXzhpw
Aen sI. acpX

tbip{InkvXphn¬ ssZhnIXbpw ssZh]p{XXzhpw Btcm]n°p∂ ss{IkvXh

k`Iƒ AXn\v sXfnhmbn D∂bn°mdp≈ {][m\s∏´ \ymbßfnsem∂mWv
tbip{InkvXp ImWn®psh∂v thZ]pkvXIw shfns∏SpØp∂ AXv`pX߃. Cu
AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\ßsf ]¿hXoIcn®pImWn°p∂Xn-epw AXv tbiphns≥d
am{Xw khntijXbmsW∂pw Ahs≥d ZnhyXzØn\v sXfnhmbn AXpXs∂
[mcmfw aXnsb∂ {]NcWØnepw A`n\hkphntijI¿ Hcfthmfw hnPbn®n´p≠v
F∂p≈sXmcp bmYm¿YyamWv. F∂m¬ tbip{InkvXp Cu AXv`pXßsf Xs≥d
ZnhyXzØn\v sXfnhmbn Xs≥d P\ka£w AhXcn∏n®n´pt≠m F∂ Nn¥
{]kIvXamWv. ImcWw tbip{InkvXphmWt√m Xs≥d AXv`pXßsf°pdn®v
{]Jym]n°m≥ G‰hpw A¿l\pw AXv hniZoIcn°m\p≈ B[nImcnI t{kmX pw.
Xs≥d kzbw Ignhv D]tbmKn®mWv Cu AXv`pXßsf√mw {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv
F∂√ tbiphns≥d {]Jym]\w. adn®v F√mw ]nXmhmw ssZhØns≥d Ignhm
sW∂mWv. tbip kzbw ssZhtØmSv Xpey\m°nbncn°p∂p F∂ blqZcpsS
Zpcmtcm]WØn\v adp]Snsbt∂mWw tbip{InkvXp {]Jym]n®p: ""]nXmhv sNbvXv
A`n\h kphntijIcpw ImWp∂X√msX H∂pw ]p{X\v kzbw sNøm≥ IgnbpIbn√'' (tbml: 5:19). H∂pw
]ptcmlnXcpw {]Ncn∏n Xs≥d IgnhpIf√, F√mw Xs≥d ]nXmhmw btlmhbpsS A[nImc ]cn[nbnep≈
°p∂Xpt]mse AXv`pX ImcyßfmWv F∂v kmcw. tbip ho≠pw {]Jym]n®p: ""F\n°v kz¥ambn H∂pw
{]h¿Ø\߃ Hcn° sNøm≥ IgnbpIbn√'' (tbml: 5:30).
epw ZnhyXzØns≥d {] A`n\h kphntijIcpw ]ptcmlnXcpw {]Ncn∏n°p∂Xpt]mse AXv`pX
{]h¿Ø\߃ Hcn°epw ZnhyXzØns≥d {]XoIambn tbip{InkvXp ]cnK
XoIambn tbip{InkvXp
Wn°pItbm AØcsamcp Im-cyw Xs≥d Acpa injy¿°v ]Tn∏n°pItbm sNbvXn
]cnKWn°pItbm AØ √. am{Xa√, ssZhØn¬ hnizkn°mØ, hnizmknIsf h©n°m\mbn CdßnØncn
csamcp Im-cyw Xs≥d A ® I≈ {InkvXpamcpw hymP {]hmNI∑mcpwhsc AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\ßfpambn
cpa injy¿°v ]Tn∏n°p cwK{]thiw \SØpsa∂pamWv tbip{InkvXp {]kvXmhn®Xv. "I≈ {InkvXpamcpw
Itbm sNbvXn√. I≈ {]hmNI∑mcpw {]Xy£s∏Spw. Ah¿ Ignbpsa¶n¬ sXcs™Sp°s∏´hsc
IqSn hgnsX‰n°Ø°hn[Øn¬, henb AXv`pXßfpw ASbmfßfpw ImWn°pw''
(aØmbn 24:24).
Npcp°Øn¬ AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\߃ ZnhyXzØnt\m {]hmNIXzØnt\m
sXfnhmbn D∂bn°mhp∂ Hcp ASbmfambn tbip{InkvXp ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. am{Xa√,
hymPhmZnIƒ°pt]mepw Hcpthf CØcw AXv`pX߃ sNøm\mhpsa∂pamWv
tbip{InkvXphns≥d ]£w. F∂m¬ A`n\h kphntijI¿ CØcw AXv`pX
 {]h¿Ø\߃ tbiphn\v am{Xsa sNøphm≥ km[n°q F∂ hn[amWv {]Ncn∏n
°p∂Xv.
"... Ah≥ sNbvX {]h¿ØnIsf a‰m¿°pw sNøphm≥ Ignbpambncp∂n√. Xs≥d
\mhn¬\n∂p≈ Hcp hm°n\m¬ Ah≥ IpjvTtcmKnIsf kuJyam°n. Xs≥d
Zbbm¬ IpcpSs≥d IÆv Xpd∂p. AXyp{Kamb sImSp¶m‰ns\ Xs≥d hm°pIfm¬
Ah≥ im¥am°n. Aip≤mXvam°sf Ah≥ imkn®v ]pdØm°n. hni°p∂
Aømbncw P\sØ Ah≥ A©∏hpw c≠v ao\pwsIm≠v kwXr]vXcm°n. AXn\v
apºv Bcpw Hcn°epw CXpt]msebp≈ Imcy߃ sNbvXn´n√.....' ({InkvXphns\
°pdn®v \n߃°v F¥v tXm∂p∂p-? ˛A_vZp¬ ako-lv t]Pv: 2)<
"AhnSsØ ap∂n¬ {]IrXniIvXnIƒ HXpßnt∏mbn; t£m`n®v adn™ IS¬
AhnSsØ BPvRbpsS apºn¬ im¥ambn; B™Sn® sImSp¶m‰v {]im¥Xbn¬
Hfn®p. acn®pt]mbh¿ {InkvXphns≥d hm°pIfpsS iIvXnbm¬ Pohns®gpt∂‰p.
_lpiXwtcmKnIƒ Xs≥d BPvRbm¬ sRmSn°p≈n¬ kuJyap≈hcmbnØo¿
∂p. shdpw A©∏hpw c≠v ao\pwsIm≠v hni∂phe™ AømbncsØ t]mjn∏n
°phm≥ tbip{InkvXphn\v \njv{]bmkw km[n®p. CXctemI Kpcp°∑mcpw aXm
Nmcy∑mcpw AhImis∏´n´n√mØXpw Ah¿°v AhImis∏Sm≥ IgnbmØXpamb
AXv`pX ImcyßfmWv tbip{InkvXp AhImis∏´Xv.....' (tbiphns≥d AhIm
ihmZ߃˛ sI.Pn. Ipcy≥, t]Pv 7).
A]q¿hambn Nne sNdnb AXv`pXßsf√mw tbiphns≥d apºp-≈ {]hmNIcpw
sNbvXn´ps≠∂v AwKoIcn°p∂ kphntijI¿t]mepw tbiphns≥d ta¬t°mbva
sb {]Xn^en∏n®pImWn°phm≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n°p∂p. "tami°pw Genbmhn\pw
a‰pNne {]hmNI∑m¿°pw hocy {]h¿ØnIƒ sNøp∂Xn\p≈ iIvXn D≠mbncp∂p
sh¶nepw {InkvXphns\t]mse hfsc A[nIhpw hn]pehpamb coXnbn¬ hocy
{]h¿ØnIƒ BcpwXs∂ sNbvXn´n√......'' (His name is wonderful. By Wiliiam
Mc Eluee Miller P. 8).
tbip{InkvXphns≥d ZnhyXzØn\p≈ kp{][m\ sXfnhpIfnsem∂mbnXs∂
bmWv kphntijI¿- tbiphns≥d AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\ßsf AhXcn∏n°mdp≈Xv.
F∂m¬ tbip{InkvXp sNbvXXmbn thZ]pkvXIw hnhcn°p∂ GXm≠v F√m
AXv`pXßfpw tbipsht]mse a‰p]e ssZhZqX∑mcpw ImWn®Xmbn thZ]p
kvXIwXs∂ hnhcn°p∂p≠v. F∂n´pw CØcw AXv`pX{]h¿ØnIƒ tbipam
{Xsa ImWn®n´p≈q F∂v {]Ncn∏n°p∂ A`n\h kphntijI¿ kXyØn\pt\sc
apJwXncn®psIm≠v IÆS®v Ccp´m°pIbmsW∂v ]dbmsX hø. tbip{InkvXp
{]h¿Øn®psh∂v kphntijI¿ tLmjn°mdp≈ Nne AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\ßsf
hniIe\ hnt[bam°mw.
tbip{InkvXphns≥d tcmKkuJyw
ZnhyXzØn\p≈ kp{] tbip{InkvXp H´[nIw tcmKnIƒ°v kuJyw hcpØp∂Xmbn thZ]pkvXIw
[m\ sXfnhpIfnsem∂m km£oIcn°p∂p≠v.
bnXs∂bmWv kphnti Hcn°¬ bcpiteante°p≈ bm{Xmas[y iacycpsSbpw KeoebpsSbpw AXn¿
jI¿- tbiphns≥d AXv Øn{KmaØn¬sh®v tbip{InkvXp ]Øv IpjvTtcmKnIsf kuJyam°p∂p (eq
`pX {]h¿Ø\ßsf A t°m: 17:11(˛14). ]n∂osSmcn°¬ as‰mcp IpjvTtcmKnbpsS ta¬ ssIshs®v Ahs\
kuJyam°p∂p'' (am¿°v 1:40˛42). F∂m¬ CXv IpjvTtcmKambncp∂ns√∂pw hnhn
hXcn∏n°mdp≈Xv . F [ XcØnep≈ N¿a tcmKßfmbncp∂psh∂pw N¿atcmKØn\p]tbmKn°p∂ {Ko
∂m¬ tbip{InkvXp °v ]ZamWv aqe`mjbn¬ ChnsS D]tbmKn®n´p≈sX∂pw Nne thZ]pkvXI
sNbv X Xmbn thZ]pkv ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ASn°pdn∏mbn \¬Inbncn°p∂p.
XIw hnhcn°p∂ GXm "I^¿∂lqan¬sh®v tbip Hcp]£hmX°mcs\ kpJs∏SpØp∂p' (am-¿°v
≠v F√m AXv`pXßfpw 2:1˛12)
tbipsht]mse a‰p]e "bcpitean¬sh®v tbip HcpØs≥d hc≠ ssI kpJs∏SpØp∂p' (eq°v
ssZhZqX∑mcpw ImWn® 6:6˛10).-
Xmbn thZ]pkvXIw X "Iq\nbmb Hcp kv{XobpsS ta¬ tbip ssIsh®psIm≠v Ahsf kpJs∏Sp
Øp∂p' (eq°v 13:10˛13).-
s∂ hnhcn°p∂p≠v.
"c≠v IpcpStcbpw Hcp Duatbbpw tbip kuJyam°p∂p' (aØmbn: 9:27˛33).-
 Cßs\ AkwJyw tcmKnIƒ°pw amdmhym[n°m¿°pw tbip Xs≥d Ickv]
¿iwaqehpw hm°pIƒsIm≠pw AXv`pXIcambn \nXytcmKim¥nbpw Xm¬°men
Imizmkhpsa√mw \¬Ip∂Xmbn thZ]pkvXIw hnhcn°p∂p≠v. F∂m¬ ChnSß
fnsem∂pw tbip{InkvXp Xm≥ ssZhamsWt∂m ssZhØns≥d ]p{X\msWt∂m
X\n°v C{]Imcap≈ ZnhyXzaps≠t∂m sXfnbn°mhp∂ Hcp I¿aambn CXns\
{]Xn-^en∏n®pImWn°pItbm AXn\\pkrXamb {]kvXmh\Iƒ \SØpItbm
sNøp∂ns√∂p≈Xv Gsd {]kvXmhyamWv. am{Xa√, tcmKim¥n°v ]m{Xambh
¿°pt]mepw tbip{InkvXphns≥d kz¥w IgnhpIƒsIm≠mWv XßfpsS AkpJw
t`ZambsX∂ [mcWm-]niIv C√mbncp∂psh∂XmWv hmkvXhw. AXv AhcpsS
tijap≈ {]kvXmh\Ifn¬ \ngen°p∂Xmbn thZ]pkvXIw ]ebnSßfnembn
kqNn∏n°p∂pap≠v. Iq\nbpsS tcmKw amdnbt∏mƒ˛"Ahƒ £WØn¬ \nh¿∂v
ssZhsØ alXzs∏SpØn' (eq°v 13:13). bcpiteante°p≈ bm{Xmas[y kuJyw
\¬Inb ]Øv IpjvTtcmKnIfn¬ tcmKhnapIvXcmb tijw Hcmƒam{Xsa tbip{In
kvXphns≥d k∂n[nbn¬ Xncns®Øp∂p≈q. Ah≥ tbiphns≥d ASptØ°v hcp
∂XpXs∂ D®Øn¬ ssZhsØ alXzs∏SpØns°m≠mbncp∂p (eq°v 17:15). AXn
\m¬ Xs∂ tcmKia\w e`n®h¿t]mepw hnizkn®ncp∂Xv CXv ssZhØns≥d
alXzambncp∂p F∂Xmbncp∂psh∂v {Kln°m\mhpw.
tbipsht]mseXs∂ ssZhnI klmbtØmsS ap≥ {]hmNI∑mcpw ]e tcmKn
IfpsSbpw amdmhym[n am‰ns°mSpØXmbn thZ]pkvXIw samgn \¬Ip∂p≠v.
alm\mb Genim {]hmNI≥ kndnbbnse Acmw cmPmhns≥d tk\m \mbI≥
\bams≥d IpjvTtcmKw AXv`pXIcambn am‰ns°mSpØXmbn thZ]pkvXIw hnh
cn°p∂p (2 cmP.- 5:8˛14).
am{Xa√, Genisb h©n®v \bam\n¬\n∂v clkyambn ]Ww ssI°em°nb
Xs≥d A\pNc≥ tKlkn°v IpjvTtcmKw hcpØn Ahs\ ]mTw ]Tn∏n°pIbpw
sNøp∂p (2 cmP.- 5:20˛27).
tbiphn\v Ipjv T tcmKw AXv ` pXIcambn kpJs∏SpØm\mhpsa∂mWv
kphntijIcpsS ]£sa¶n¬ Genim {]hmNI\v IpjvTtcmKw am‰phm\pw thW
sa¶n¬ Hcp in£sbt∂mWw AXv as‰mcmƒ°v \¬Iphm\pw km[yamIpw F∂Xn
\m¬ tbipth°mƒ alXzw \¬tI≠Xv Geni {]hmNI\mWt√m.
as‰mcn°¬ Genim {]hmNI≥ Xs≥d _mey°mcs≥d A\v[X am‰nbXmbn
thZ]pkvXIw hnhcn°p∂p (2 cmP.- 6:17).- am{Xa√ Xs∂ B{Ian°m\mbn k¿hhn[
k∂mltØmsS Hcpßnh∂ Hcp almssk\ysØbmIam\w Geni A\v[cm°p
Ibpw AXpaqew Ahsc hgn]ng∏n®v e£yw sX‰n°pIbpw iacybnte°v \bn°p
Ibpw AhnsSsh®v ho≠pw Ah¿°v ImgvNiIvXn Xncn®v \¬IpIbpw sNbvXphs{X
(2 cmP 6:18˛20).-
tbiphn\v IpjvTtcmKw tbiphn\v A\v[X kpJs∏SpØm\p≈ Ignhv am{XamWp≠mbncp∂sX¶n¬
AXv ` pXIcambn kpJ Geni°v Hcp h≥ kwLsØbmIam\w A\v[cm°phm\pw Xs≥d e£yw t\Snb
s∏SpØm\mhpsa∂mWv tijw Ah¿°v ImgvNiIvXn XncnsI \¬Iphm\pw km[n°psa¶n¬ tbiphmtWm
kphntijIcpsS ]£ GenibmtWm IqSpX¬ alXzØn\pw ZnhyXzØn\pw A¿l≥ F∂v Nn¥nt°≠n
bncn°p∂p.
sa¶n¬ Genim {]hmN
`£Ww A[nIcn∏n°¬
I\v IpjvTtcmKw am‰phm
A©v A∏hpw c≠v ao\pwsIm≠v tbip{InkvXp Hcn°¬ Aømbncw t]scbpw
\pw thWsa¶n¬ Hcp (aØmbn 14:15˛21) as‰mcn°¬ Ggv A∏hpw GXm\pw sNdpao\pIfpwsIm≠v \mem
in£sbt∂mWw AXv bncØne[nIwt]scbpw t]mjn∏n®Xmbn (aØmbn 15:32˛39)thZ]pkvXIw hniZoI
as‰mcmƒ°v \¬Iphm cn°p∂p. Cu kw`hsØ s]men∏n®pImWn®psIm≠v tbiphn\v am{Xsa CØcw
\pw km[yamIpw F∂Xn AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\߃ sNøm\mhq F∂v anj\dnam¿ hmZn°mdp≠v. F∂m¬
\m¬ tbipth°mƒ al Cu AXv`pXßsfm∂pw Xs∂ Xs≥d alXzambn´√ tbip{InkvXp {]Jym]n®Xv.
adn®v CXn\v X\n°v iIvXn \¬Ip∂Xv Xs≥d ]nXmhmw btlmhbmbncp∂psh∂v
Xzw \¬tI≠Xv Geni Ahsc t_m[h¬°cn°m≥IqSn Cu Ahkcw tbip{InkvXp hn\ntbmKn°p∂Xm
{]hmNI\mWt√m. bn thZ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂v {Kln°m\mhpw...... "B A©∏hpw c≠v ao\pw FSpØv
kz¿KØnte°v t\m°n hmgvØn. A∏w \pdp°n injy∑mcpsS ]°epw injy∑m¿-
]pcpjmcØn\pw sImSpØp' (aØmbn 14:19)-. "Ggv A∏hpw ao\pw FSpØv hmgvØn
 \pdp°n injy∑mcpsS ]°epw injy∑m¿ ]pcpjmcØn\pw sImSpØp' (aØmbn
15:36). "A∏w \pdp°¬' ssZhtØmSp≈ Hcp Xcw \µnkqNI {]m¿Y\bmWv.
CØcw AXv`pX{]h¿Ø\߃ tbiphns\s°m≠v am{Xsa km[n°q F∂
kphntijIcpsS hmZØn\v thZ]pkvXIwXs∂ adp]Sn ]dbp∂Xmbn \ap°v
Is≠Øm\mIpw. Geni {]hmNI≥ Hcn°¬ Xs≥d IqsSbp≠mbncp∂ \qdpt]
¿°v Ccp]Xv A∏hpw A¬]w aecpw sIm≠v kp`n£ambn `£n∏n°pIbpw F∂n
´pw AXv _m°nbmhpIbpw sNbvXXmbn thZ]pkvXIw km£oIcn°p∂p (2 cmP.-
4:42˛44). At±lØns≥d k∂n[nbn¬ \qdpt]¿ am{Xsa D≠mbncp∂p-≈q. AXn\m¬
\qdpt]sc `£n∏nt°≠ Bhiyta At±lØn\p≠mbp≈q. AwKkwJy IqSn
bncp∂psh¶n¬ Hcp]t£, Ahscbpw At±lw B Ccp]Xv A∏wsIm≠v `£n∏n
°pambncp∂p. ImcWw 100 t]¿ `£n®n´pw A∏w ho≠pw _m°nbmhpIbmWt√m
D≠mbXv.
Genim {]hmNIs≥d ASpØph∂v Hcn°¬ At±lØns≥d Hcp injys≥d
hn[h At±lØns≥d hntbmKm\¥cw X߃°v `hn® ]´nWnsbbpw IjvS∏m
Sns\bpwIpdn®v thhemXns∏Sp∂p. AhfpsS ho´n¬ tijn∏mbn C\n D≈sX¥m
sW∂v Geni At\zjn®t∏mƒ Hcp `cWnbn¬ A¬]w FÆ am{XamWv F∂mbn
cp∂p AhfpsS DØcw. Geni AhtfmSv Ab¬hmknIfn¬\n∂pw a‰pambn km[y
amhp∂{X ]m{X߃ hmbv]bmbn kw`cn°p-hm-\pw Xs≥d ho´nep≈ FÆ
`cWnbn¬\n∂v Ahbnte°v Hgn®v \nd°phm\pw Bhiys∏Sp∂p. AXp{]Imcw
Ah¿ Xm≥ kamlcn® ]m{Xßfntes°√mw FÆ Hgn®v \nd°pIbpwsNøp∂p.
]m{X߃ \nd™v Xo¿∂t∏mƒ FÆbpsS h¿[\hpw \ne°p∂p. GenibpsS
I¬]\{]Imcw B FÆ hn‰v Ahfpw IpSpw_hpw D]Poh\w Ign°p∂p (2 cmPm.-
4:1˛7). tbip Hcp P\°q´Øns≥d Hcpt\csØ ]´nWnbmWv AXv`pXIcambn
am‰nbsX¶n¬ Geni Hcp IpSpw_Øns≥dbmIam\w \nXy ]´nWnbmWv am‰n
s°mSpØXv.
Hcn°¬ Genbm {]hmNIs\ k¬°cn®v BZcn® hr≤bpsS ZpchkvY {Kln®
At±lw AhcpsS ho´n¬ BsIbp≠mbncp∂ A¬]w FÆbpw Hcp ]nSn amhpw
sIm≠v Imeßtfmfw Ah¿°pw AhcpsS IpSpw_Øn\pw PohnXhrØn Ign®p
Iq´m\mhpwhn[w AhcpsSta¬ A\p{Klw sNmcn™v B amhpw FÆbpw A[nIcn
∏n®p-sImt≠bncn°p∂p (1 cmP.- 17:10˛16). tbiphns\ At]£n®v Genbmhv Hcp
IpSpw_Øn\v Zo¿LImetØ°p≈ `£W hn`hßfmWv {]Zm\w sNøp∂Xv.
Hcpt\ctØ°p≈ `£Ww A[nIcn∏n®v \¬Inb tbiphn\v A°mcWØm¬
ZnhyXzamtcm]n°msa¶n¬ Genbmhn\pw Geni°pw Fs¥√mw kvYm\am\߃
\¬In BZcnt°≠nhcpw; CØcw H´[nIw kw`h߃ thZ]pkvXIØn¬\n∂v
C\nbpw Is≠Øm\mhpw.
CØcw AXv ` pX{]h¿ acn®h¿°v Poh≥ \¬In
Ø\߃ tbiphns\ tbip{InkvXphns≥d ZnhyXzØn\v G‰hpw henb sXfnhmbn sIm´ntLmjn°m
s°m≠v am{Xsa km[n dp≈ kp{][m\amb Hcp alm AXv`pXamWv acn®h¿°v tbip Poh\nSo®p F∂
°q F∂ kphntijIcp Imcyw.
sS hmZØn\v thZ]pkvX AXn¬ Hcp kw`hw. tbip{InkvXp Hcn°¬ \bo\n¬sh®v Hcp arXicocsØ
ihaS°m\mbn hnem]ambn sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv ImWp∂p. AXv Hcp hn[hbpsS
IwXs∂ adp]Sn ]dbp GIaI\mbncp∂Xn\m¬ Ahƒ AXn\v ]ndsI hmhn´v Ic™p\S°p∂XpI≠
∂Xmbn \ap°v Is≠ tbiphns≥d a\ enbp∂p. Ah≥ Ahsf kamizkn∏n®psIm≠v B iha
Øm\mIpw. ©Ønt∑¬ kv]¿in°pIbpw B PUØn\v Poh\nSo°pIbpw sNøp∂Xmbn eq
t°mkv (7:11˛15) hniZoIcn°p∂p. Cu AXv`pXwI≠ P\sa√mw HmSnh∂v ssZhsØ
kvXpXn°p∂p. tbiphns≥d alXzamb√ adn®v ssZhØns≥d alXzambmWv Cu
kw`hsØ ZrIvkm£nIƒ a\ nem°nbXv. AXn\m¬Xs∂bmbncn°pat√m Ah¿
B AXv`pXØn\v Im¿anIXzw hln®hs\ ]cnKWn°msX AXns≥d bYm¿Y
iIvXntI{µamb btlmhsb alXzs∏SpØn-bXpw Im¿anI\mb tbiphns\ Hcp
ssZhnI {]hmNI\mbn {Kln®Xpw (7:16).
as‰mcp kw`hw.- t_Ym\ybn¬sh®v acn®v \mev \mfpIƒ Ign™tijw emkdn
\v Poh≥ Xncn®v \¬Inb AXv ` pXamWv . tbml∂m≥ kphntijØns≥d
 I¿ØmshmgnsI kwlnX kphntijßfmb aØmbn, am¿t°mkv, eqt°mkv F∂o
aq∂v kphntij I¿Øm°fm-cpw Xs∂ Cu kw`hw kqNn∏n°pItbm AdnbpItbm
sNbvXns√∂p≈Xv {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv. tbml∂m≥ ]Xns\m∂mw A[ymb
Ønse hnhcWØneqsS IS∂pt]mIp∂ Hcp \njv]£ hmb\°mc\n¬ H´[nIw
kwib߃ P\n∏n°p∂ [mcmfw Imcy߃ AXn¬ Is≠Øm\mIpw.
tbip{InkvXp Gsd kvt\ln®ncp∂ Ahs≥d A\pNccmbncp∂p emkdpw Ah
s≥d c≠v ktlmZcnIfmb am¿Øbpw adnbbpw. emk¿ acn®v \mep\mƒ Ign™
t∏mƒ tbip AhcpsS {Kmaamb t_Ym\ybnseØp∂p. CXdn™ am¿Ø tbipsh
kao]n®v "I¿Ømth \o ChnsS D≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬ Fs≥d ktlmZc≥ acn°bn
√mbncp∂p. Ct∏mgpw \o ssZhtØmSv F¥v At]£n®mepw ssZhw \n\°v Xcpw
F∂v Rm≥ Adnbp∂p' F∂v ]d∂p (11:21,22). A¬]w Ign™v adnbbpw tbip
hn\SptØ°v Ic™psIm≠v HmSnh∂v "I¿Ømth \o ChnsS D≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬
Fs≥d ktlmZc≥ acn°bn√mbncp∂p' F∂p]d™v Ahs≥d Im¬°¬ hoWv
Icbp∂p (11:32). am¿Ø°pw adnb°pw btlmhbnepw Ahs≥d ZqX\mw tbiphn
epap≈ hnizmk Zm¿VyØns≥d {]Xn^e\amWv AhcpsS hm°pIfneqsS {]Xn^
en®Xv. AhfpsSbpw IqsS h∂ P\°q´Øns≥dbpw Ic®n¬ tI´n´v tbiphns≥d
a\ v thZ\n°pIbpw tbip IÆp\o¿ hm¿°pIbpw sNøp∂p. CXpI≠ blqZ¿
"t\m°q Ah≥ F{Xam{Xw Ahs\ kvt\ln®ncp∂p' F∂pw a‰pNne¿ "A\v[s≥d
IÆv Xpd∂ Ch\v acWØn¬\n∂v Chs\ c£n°phm≥ Ignbpambncp∂nt√''
(11:36,37) F∂pw ]dbp∂p. Cu hm°pIƒ tbiphns≥d {]hmNIXzØn\pw ssZhØn
¶¬\n∂p≈ Aam\pjnI IgnhpIƒ°pw t\scbp≈ Hcp ]cnlmkw F∂ \ne°p
≈ Hcp {]XnIcWambncp∂p. AXn\m¬ Xs∂ AXv tI´t∏mƒ tbiphn\v Xs≥d
hyIvXnXzw Xs∂ tNmZyw sNøs∏´t]msebpw A`nam\ {]iv\hpambpw- tXm∂nbn
cn°Ww. AXpsIm≠v B sh√phnfn Gs‰Sp°m≥- At±lw- \n¿-_‘n-X\m-bn.-
tbip emkdns≥d I√d°SpsØØpIbpw I√dbpsS aqSn s]m°m\mhiys∏
SpIbpw sNøp∂p. At∏mƒ am¿Ø "I¿Ømth \mep Znhkambn Ct∏mƒ \m‰w
sh®pXpSßn°mWpw' F∂v ]dbp∂p. AXn\v tbip "hnizkn®m¬ \o ssZhØn
s≥d alXzw ImWpw F∂v Rm≥ \nt∂mSv ]d™n√tbm F∂v ]d™p' (11:40).
Ahƒ- km£ywhln°m≥ t]mIp∂Xv ssZhØns≥d Hu∂Xyhpw IgnhpamsW∂v
t_m[ys∏SpØm≥ tbip Cu Ahkcw hn\ntbmKn°p∂p. tijw I√d apJØp
\n∂v I√v am‰m\mhiys∏Sp∂p. Hcp sN∏Sn hnZy°mcs\t]msetbm Hcp a{¥hmZn
sbt]msetbm P\ßsf I_fn∏n°m\mbn Xs≥d amkvacnIXbpsS sXfnsht∂m
Ww a{¥ßƒ DcphnSpIb√ Ah≥ sNbvXXv. ""tbiptatem´v t\m°n: "]nXmth
\o Fs≥d At]£ tI´Xn\m¬ Rm≥ \ns∂ hmgvØp∂p. \o Ft∏mgpw Fs≥d
At]£ tIƒ°p∂p F∂v Rm≥ Adn™ncn°p∂p; F¶nepw \o Fs∂ Ab®p
F∂v Np‰pw\n¬°p∂ ]pcpjmcw hnizknt°≠Xn\v AhcpsS \nanØw Rm≥
tbip Xs≥d kzbw Ign ]dbp∂p.' Cßs\ ]d™n´v Ah≥ "emktd ]pdØphcnI' F∂v Dds° hnfn®p.
hpItfm alXztam Bbn acn®h≥ ]pdØv h∂p.....'-' (41˛44). tbip ssZhtØmSv {]m¿Yn°pIbpw Rm≥ ssZh
{]Jym]n°mØ Cu A Øns≥d Hcp ZuXy {]t_m[I\msW∂v Np‰pw IqSnbncn°p∂ blqZ P\w hnizkn
Xv`pXw A`n\h kphnti °m≥th≠nbm-Wv- Cu AXv`pXw Fs≥d Iøm¬ kw`hn®sX∂v Xs≥d kaqlsØ
t_m[ys∏SpØpIbpw- sNøp-∂p-. Cu AXv`pXwaptJ\ tbip Xs≥d e£yw
jI¿ tbiphns≥d Znhy t\SpIbpw sNøp∂p. CXn\v km£nIfmb blqZcn¬ ]ecpw tbip ssZhnI ZqX
XzØn\p≈ G‰hpw hen \msW∂v a\ nem°pIbpw Ah\n¬ hnizkn°pIbpw sNbvXphs{X! (11:45).
b sXfnhpIfnsem∂mbn tbip Xs≥d kzbw IgnhpItfm alXztam Bbn {]Jym]n°mØ Cu AXv`pXw
Fgp∂≈n°p∂psh∂Xv A`n\h kphntijI¿ tbiphns≥d ZnhyXzØn\p≈ G‰hpw henb sXfn
Gsd hnNn{Xas{X! hpIfnsem∂mbn Fgp∂≈n°p∂psh∂Xv Gsd hnNn{Xas{X! am{Xa√, acn®h¿°v
Poh\oSn°pI F∂ I¿aw ssZhØns≥d tPmenbmbXn\m¬ {]kvXpX {]h¿Ø\w
\SØnbXpsIm≠v tbip Xs∂bmbncp∂p ssZhsa∂pw Hcpthf {]Jym]n°m≥
anj\dnam¿°v bmsXmcp ssha\kyhpw D≠mhmdn√. AtXmsSm∏wXs∂ acn®hsc
Pohn∏n°pI F∂ AXv`pXw tbip am{Xsa temIØv sNbvXn´p≈q F∂v tXm∂n
∏n°pwhn[amWv AhcpsS {]NmctheIƒ. F∂m¬ thZ]pkvXIw ]cntim[n®m¬
tbipsht]mseXs∂ acn®h¿°v Poh≥ \¬Inb [mcmfw kw`h߃ {]hmN
IcpsS PohnXØn¬ \ap°v Is≠Øm\mhpw.
 kotZm\nse kmd^Øn¬ Genbm {]hmNI\v `£Whpw hmkkvYehpw \¬
Inb Hcp hr≤bp≠mbncp∂p. B hr≤bpsS GIaI≥ acn®t∏mƒ Genb Ip´nbpsS
PUØnt∑¬ aq∂v {]mhiyw Iangv∂phoWv btlmhtbmSv Ip´nbpsS Poh≥ Xncn®p
In´m\mbn {]m¿Yn°p∂p. btlmh Genbmhns≥d {]m¿Y\tIƒ°pIbpw Ip´n°v
Poh≥ Xncn®v \¬IpIbpw sNøp∂p. Cu kw`hwaqew Genbmhv ssZh ZqX\msW
∂v B hr≤ a\ nem°pIbpw sNøp∂p (1 cmP 17:17˛24).-
Geni {]hmNIs\ kvYncambn k¬°cn°pIbpw Xmakn°m\mbn {]tXyIw
hoSv sI´ns°mSp°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂ Hcp [\nI kv{Xobp≠mbncp∂p iqt\an¬.
F∂m¬ Ahƒ°v ]p{X\n√mØXn\m¬ Gsd k¶s∏Sp∂hfpambncp∂p. Cu
hnhcw Geni a\ nem°nbt∏mƒ Ahƒ°v k¥m\ ku`mKysØ°pdn®v kt¥m
jhm¿Ø Adnbn°p∂p. ]p{X≥ hf¿∂v _me\mbt∏mƒ Hcp\mƒ Ah≥ tcmKmXpc
\mhpIbpw tcmKw aq¿On®v acn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. hr≤bpsS `¿Ømhpw Gsd
ZpxJnXbmbn. CXdn™ Genim {]hmNI≥ AhfpsS ASpsØØpIbpw PUsØ
Xs≥d icoctØmSv tN¿Øp]nSn®v \nivNeamb icocsØ NqSp]nSn∏n°pIbpw
ssZhtØmSv {]m¿Yn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. AXp{]Imcw _me\v Xs≥d Poh≥ Xncn®v
e`n°p∂p (2 cmP 4:8˛37).-
ssZhnI klmbtØmsS CØcw AXv`pX߃°v Im¿anIXzw hln°m≥ GXv
{]hmNI¿°pw km[n°pw F∂Xns≥d aIptSmZmlcWßfmWnh. AXn\m¬Xs∂
CØcw AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn tbiphn¬ ZnhyXzamtcm]n°p∂
]£w tbipsht]mseXs∂ B kvYm\Øncn°m≥ Genibpw Genbmhpw XpSßn
H´[nIw ssZhn-I {]hmNI∑m¿ IqSn A¿lcmbnØocpw F∂p≈Xv kphntijI¿
AwKoIcnt°≠Xmbnhcpw.
am\yXtbm \nµyXtbm?
tbip{InkvXphns≥d ZnhyXzØn\v sXfnhmbn kphntijI¿ {]Ncn∏n°mdp≈
Nn-e AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\ßsf¶n-epw B alms≥d am\yXt°m tbmKyXt°m \nc
°mØhbmsW∂v ]dbmsX hø. AØcw AXv`pX߃ ]et∏mgpw tbipsh am\n
°p∂Xn\v ]Icw \nµn°mt\ D]Icn°q. Ahbn¬ NneXpIqSn ]cntim[n°p∂Xv
CØcpWØn¬ DNnXambncn°pw.
AØnhr£w DW°n: tbip Hcn°¬ injyktaXw cmhnse t_Ym\y
bn¬\n∂v bcpiteante°v aSßnt∏mIsh Ah¿°v h√msX hni∂p. hni∏S°m\m
bn AhcpsS Iøn¬ H∂pan√Xm\pw. A©∏wsIm≠v Aømbncwt]sc t]mjn∏n
°m≥ Ignhp≈hs\∂v sXfnbn® tbiphn\v ChnsS AØcw AXv`pX߃ {]h¿
Øn°ms\m´pkm[n°p∂pan√. AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\߃ Xs≥d CjvSm\pkcWw
{]ISn∏n°m≥ km[n°p∂Xs√∂pw adn®v Ah ssZhØns≥d I¬]\{]Imcw
Ahs≥d klmbØm¬ am{Xw sNøm\mhp∂ Hcp ZnhyI¿aamsW∂pap≈Xn\v
tbip{InkvXphns≥d DØtamZmlcWamWnXv. `£Ww At\zjn®p-sIm-≠n-cns° Ah¿ Zqsc hgnbcn
ZnhyXzØn\v sXfnhmbn In¬ Hcp AØnhr£w \n¬°p∂Xv I≠p. AXnt∑¬ ]gpØ ]gw ImWpsa∂pw
AXv ]dn®v `£n®v hni∏S°msa∂pap≈ {]Xo£tbmsS AXn\SpsØØnb tbip
kphntijI¿ {]Ncn∏n
hn\pw injy¿°pw \ncmibmbncp∂p ^ew. AXns\ kao]n®t∏mƒ AXnt∑¬
°mdp≈ Nn-e AXv`pX Ceb√msX as‰m∂pw I≠n√s{X! tIm]njvS\mb tbip{InkvXp "C\n \n∂n¬
{]h¿Ø\ßsf¶n- e pw Hcp\mfpw ^ -- ew D≠mImsX t]mIs´' F∂v- AXns\ i]n°p∂p. DS≥ B AØn
B alms≥d am\yX hr£w DWßnt∏mIpIbpw AXpI≠ injy¿ BivNcys∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p
t°m tbmKyXt°m \nc (aØmbn 21:18˛21). F∂m¬ AØnhr£w DS≥ DWßnbn´ns√∂pw sXm´SpØ
Znhkw Ah¿ Xncn®pt]mcptºmƒ DWßnbXmbn ImWpIbpw sNbvXpsh∂mWv
°mØhbmsW∂v ]d
am¿t°mkns≥d `mjyw (11:20). Cu AXv`pXsØ Hcp ]p\¿hmb\°v hnt[bam°n
bmsX hø. AØcw t\m°q. Imeßtfmfw hgnbm{X°m¿°v XWepw a\pjy¿°pw a‰v ]£narKmZnI
AXv`pX߃ ]et∏mgpw ƒ°pw Imbv^ehpw \¬In tkhn® B AØnhr£w ^ew Imbv°mXncp∂Xns≥d
tbipsh am\n°p∂Xn\v DØchmZnØw B hr£Øn\mtWm, ^eZmbI≥ btlmhbt√, tbiphn\pw kl
]Icw \nµn°mt\ D]I NmcnIƒ°pw hni∏I‰m≥ B hr£sØsIm≠mbns√∂psh®v \nXyambn AXn
s≥d D]Imcw k¿h¿°pambn XS™psh®v AXns\ h\v[ybm°n i]n°p∂Xv
cn°q.
\ymbamtWm, A¬]w hni∏v kln°m≥IqSn km[n°mØ ap≥tIm]nbmb Hcp
hyIvXn Hcp {]hmNI≥ F∂√ ]cnjvI¿Ømsh¶n-ep-w- Bhm≥ tbmKy\mtWm
 F∂nXymZn H´[nIw \ymbamb kwib߃ hmb\°mcpsS a\ neqsS HmSnadbm
Xncn°n√. Gsd hnNn{Xamb as‰mcp hkvXpX AØn∏gw e`n°mXncn°m≥ am¿t°m
kv kqNn∏n® ImcWamWv. "ImcWw, AØn∏gßfp≠mIp∂ Imea√mbncp∂p AXv'
(am¿°v 11:13). AØn∏gw Imbv°mØ ImeØv ]gap≠mhmØXn\v hr£sa¥v
]ng®p? C{kmtbense Hcp km[mcW hr£amb AØnacØns≥d ^eZmbI
kabwt]mepw IrXyambn AdnbmØ £n{]tIm]nbmb Hcp hnhctZmjnbpsS Nn{Xa
t√ thZ]pkvXIw Cu AXv`pXØneqsS am\h¿°v ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv?
ho™p\n¿amWw: tbiphpw A\pNccpw Ahs≥d AΩbpw Im\mbnse Hcp
IeymW hncp∂n¬ ]s¶Sp°sh kZytbmsSm∏w hnftº≠nbncp∂ ho™v Xo¿∂v
t]mIp∂p. Cu kw`hw aWhmf\v am\lm\nbmhpsa∂v {Kln® tbip AhnsSbp≈
]cnNmcItcmSv Bdv henb I¬`cWnIfn¬ \ndsb sh≈w tImcn \nd°phm≥
Bhiys∏Sp∂p. Ah¿ AXv \nd®tijw tImcn hncp∂phmgn°v sIm≠pt]mbn
s°mSp°m\mhiys∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p. ho™v cpNn®pt\m°nb hncp∂phmgn \√
elcnaqØ ho™msW∂v a\ nem°n aWhmfs\ ]pIgvØpIbpw sNøp∂p
(tbml 2:1˛10). CXv tbiphns≥d AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS Bcw`ambncp∂p
sh∂pw tbml∂m≥ {]kvXmhn°p∂p (2:11).-
C{kmtb¬ tKm{XØnte°v ssZhnI am¿K\n¿tZihpambn h∂ {]hmNI
\n¬\n∂v Hcn°epw D≠mbn°qSmØ Hcp A[¿aat√ CXv? ip≤sh≈w elcnh
kvXphm°n sImSpØpsh∂Xv Hcp [¿a kwkvYm]I\n¬\n∂p≠mth≠ I¿aam
tWm? AXv elcnbp≈ ho™mbncp∂ns√∂pw adn®v Huj[ KpWap≈ icoc]p
jvSn°v D]bpIvXamb ho™mbncp∂psh∂pw- Nne kphntij {]kwKI¿ hymJym
\n°mdp≠v. F∂m¬ tbml∂ms≥d ]£w AXv elcn aqØ ]m\obw Xs∂bmbncp
∂psh∂mWv (2:10).
CØcsamcp Zpcmtcm]Ww tbiphns≥d ta¬ Nm¿Øp∂Xn\v apºv Cu dnt∏m¿
´ns≥d B[nImcnIXbpw {]`hkvYm\hpw ]cntim[nt°≠Xp≠v. kwlnX kphnti
jßsfm∂pw ImWmØ Cu AXv`pXw tbml∂m≥ kphntijØns≥d cNbnXmhv
am{Xw I≠p F∂p≈Xv Xs∂ CXns≥d B[nImcnIX ]cntim[n°m\nS \¬Ip∂p.
am{Xa√, tbml∂m≥ kphntijØns≥d I¿Ømhv- At∏mkvXe\mb tbml∂m
\s√∂pw thsd GtXm Hcp APvRmX\msW∂pw thZ ]WvUnX¿ Xs∂ hyIvXam
°nb kvYnXn°v tbiphpambn Cu kw`hsØ _\v[n∏n®v Ahs\ {]Xn°q´n¬
Ib‰p∂Xv bpIvXa√t√m. am{Xa√, XßfpsS aZytkhsb \ymboIcn°m\mbn
]ptcmlnXcpsS ssIISØembpw Cu kw`hsØ t\m°n°mWmhp∂XmWv.
ho≠pw AXv`pX߃:
AXv`pXIrXyßsf tbiphns≥d ZnhyXzØn\v sXfnhm°p∂ ]utcmlnXyØn
\v ap∂n¬ tbip sNbvXXnt\°mƒ henb AXv`pX߃ sNbvX ssZhnI {]hmNI
AXv`pXIrXyßsf tb ∑mcpsS Ncn{Xw Hcp "Iodmap´n't]mse \nesIm≈p∂psh∂XmWv hmkvXhw. AØ
iphns≥d ZnhyXzØn\v cw Nne AXv`pXßsfIpdn®pw thZ]pkvXIw \ap°v Adnhv \¬Ip∂p.
sXfnhm°p∂ ]utcmln AkvYnIƒ°v Poh\n´p: tbip acn®hsc Pohn∏n®Xv acn®v aWn°qdpIƒ°I
XyØn\v ap∂n¬ tbip tam As√¶n¬ \mev Znhkw Ignt™m am{XamsW¶n¬ sblkvtI¬ {]hmNI≥
sNbvX AXv`pXw Gsd BivNcyIcwXs∂. At±lw Hcn°¬ iv-aim\Ønte°v
sNbvXXnt\°mƒ hen IS∂psN∂v AhnsS Iq´nbn´ncn°p∂ AkvYnItfmSmbn btlmhbpsS \maØn¬
b AXv`pX߃ sNbvX kwkmcn°pIbpw B AkvYnIƒ IqSnt®¿∂v AkvYnIqSßfmhpIbpw AXnt∑¬
ssZhnI {]hmNI∑mcp amwkhpw N¿ahpw s]mXn™v Ahkm\w Ahbv-°v Poh≥ \¬IpIbpw AXv hen
sS Ncn{Xw Hcp "Iodmap sbmcp ssk\nI hyqlambnØocpIbpw sNbvXphs{X! (sblkvtI¬ 37:1˛11).-
´n't]mse \nesIm≈p AkvYnbpw amwkhpap≈ icocsØbmWv tbip Poh\nSo®sX¶n¬ Chsbm
∂psh∂XmWv hmkvXhw. ∂pan√mØ iq\yXbn¬\n∂v icocw krjvSn®v AXn\v Poh≥ \¬Inb blvkvtI¬
{]hmNI\t√ tbipth°mƒ alXzap≈h≥?
hSn Xfn¿Øv ^ew Imbv®p: tbip ^eap≠mhm≥ km[yXbp≈ Hcp AØnhr
£sØ DW°n If™psh∂mWv kphntijIcpsS `mjysa¶n¬ tami sNbvX
Hcp AXv`pXw t\m°q: C{kmtb¬ tKm{XØns≥d Hcp X¿°Øn\v ]cnlmcsat∂m
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 48¬-)
(t]-Pv- 16 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ Jp¿-B\n-se - -...) t]m-epw- Ip-sd h¿-j߃- FSp-°pw.- Im-cWw- {]Im-i
≈ `Iv-Xn-\n-an-Øw- ae°p-Iƒ- Nn-dISn-°pw. Hcp- an-\p- thKXbn¬- k©cn-°m≥- Ahs°m-∂pw- Ign-bp-Ibn-
kam-b sh≈°√n-t∑¬- Nßehen-°p-tºm-sebm-bn- √.- am-{Xa√ \£{Xßfn-sebpw- D¬-°Ifn-sebpw- aqe
cn-°pw- AXv.- Ahcp-sS lr-Zbßfn¬-\n-∂v- \Sp-°w- \o- I߃- hy-Xy-kv-Xam-Wv- F∂v- Cu- ]´n-I {i≤n-®m¬-
ßp-tºmƒ- d∫v- ]d™Xv- F¥m-sW∂v- Ah¿- tNm-Zn- a\ n-em-°mw.- `q-an-bn¬- A]q¿hw- Nn-e kv-Yeßfn¬-
®dn-bpw.- CXv- I´p-tIƒ-°p-∂h¿- (]n-im-Np-°ƒ)- tIƒ- ho-W D¬-°Ifn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- CXv- a\ n-em-bXv.- Ch°v-
°pw.- Ah¿- Hcmƒ-°v- ao-sX as‰m-cm-fm-bn- \n-esIm-≈p- sIm-≈n-ao-\p-Iƒ- F∂pw- ]dbp-∂p.-
∂Xm-bn-cn-°pw.- Nn-et∏mƒ- tI´ Bƒ-°v- C´p-sIm-Sp-°pw- D¬-°Iƒ-
ap-ºp-Xs∂ Ah\v- XoPzm-e _m-[n-°pw.- AXv- Ahs\ Hm-Iv-kn-P≥- 36.-3 iXam-\w-
Icn-®v- IfIbpIbpw- sNøpw.- Nn-et∏mƒ- ASp-Øv- \n¬- Ccpºv- 25.-6 iXam-\w-
°p-∂¿-°v- AXv- C´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xp-hsc Pzm-e ]n-Sn-
kn-en-°¨- 18 iXam-\w-
s]Sm-sXbpw- Ccn-°pw.- Aßs\ AhcXv- `q-an-bn¬-
FØn-°pw.- AXv- am-cW°m-cp-sS hm-bn¬- C´p-sIm-Sp- aKv-\o-jyw- 14.-2 iXam-\w-
°s∏Spw.- Ah¿- AXn¬-Iq-Sn- \q-dv- Ifhpw- tN¿-°pw.- Aep-an-\o-bw- 1.-5 iXam-\w-
Aßs\ C∂ Zn-hkw- C∂n-∂Xv- D≠m-Ip-sa∂v-Abmƒ- \n-°¬- 1.-4 iXam-\w-
(am-cW°mc≥)- \tΩm-Sv- ]d™n-t√,- AXv- bYm¿-Yam-
Im¬-kyw- 1.-3 iXam-\w-
bn- I≠n-t√ Fs∂m-s° P\߃- ]dt™°pw.- BIm-
iØn¬-\n-∂v- bYm¿-YØn¬- tI´hm-°m-bn-cn-°pw- AXv- tkm-Un-bw- 0.-6 iXam-\w-
(_p-Jm-cn).- (Essays about the Universe P. 154. Bons A
C\n- \ap-°v- N¿-® sNøm-\p-≈Xv- Jp¿-B≥- ]d™ Vorontsovvel Yaminov-Mir Publications-Moscow.)
Cu- Xo Pzm-ebpw- \mw- cm-{Xn-bn¬- Im-Wp-∂ D¬-°Ifpw- 2003 sabv- H≥-]Xn-\v- Pq-\n-®n-tdm- Ithm-Km-®n-bp-sS
H∂p-Xs∂bm-tWm- F∂m-Wv.- kq-£va - ]cn-tim-[\bn¬- t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈ Hcp- kw-Lw- P∏m-\o-kv- _ln-cm-Imi
CXv- c≠pw- H∂√ F∂pw- ]n-im-Np-°sf Xo-Pzm-ebm-bn- bm-{Xn-I¿- "1998 Fkv.-F^v'- F∂ D¬-°bn-te°v-
]n-¥p-Scp-∂,- Cu- D¬-°Iƒ- A√m-Ø Hcp- kw-hn-[m- ]pds∏´n- c n- ° p- ∂ p.- CXp- h scbp- ≈ Xn¬- s ht®‰hpw-
\ap-s≠∂pw- {Kln-°mw.- A√m-lp ]dbp-∂p-: \o≠Xpw- km-lkn-Ihp-am-b Cu- Zu-Xyw- \m-ep-h¿-jw-
""G‰hpw- ASp-Ø BIm-isØ Nn-e hn-f°p-Iƒ-sIm \o-≠p-\n¬-°pw.- c≠p-h¿-jw- bm-{X sNbv-Xv- AhnsS
≠v- \mw- Ae¶cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- Ahsb \mw- ]n-im-Np°sf sbØn- Ahn-SsØ ]m-dIƒ-tiJcn-®v- Xn-cn-s®Øp-tºm-
Fdn-t™m-Sn-°m-\p-≈hbp-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- Ah¿-°v- tg°pw- \m-ep-h¿-jw- Ign-™n-cn-°pw.- AYhm- 2007te
\mw- Pz-en-°p-∂ \cIin-£ Hcp-°n-sh°p-Ibpw- sNbvXn- `q-an-bn¬- aSßn-sbØq.- Ah¿- hn-PbIcam-bn- Xn-cns®
cn-°p-∂p''- (67:5)-.- Øn-bm¬- D¬-°Ifn-se aq-eIßsf]‰n- Iq-Sp-X¬- Adn-
bp-sa∂v- {]Xo-£n-°mw.- On-∂{Kl߃- (Asteroids)
Ahsb AYhm- \£{Xßfm-Ip-∂ hn-f°p-Isf ]n
BWv- D¬-°Iƒ- Bbn-Xo-cp-∂Xv- F∂v- A`n-{]m-bßfp-
im-Np-°sf Fdn-bm-\p-≈hbm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p- F∂¿-Yw.-
≠v.- AXm-Wv- Asteroid te°p-f bm-{Xsb∏‰n- D¬-°bn-
]n-im-Nn-s\ Fdn-bp-∂ Pzm-e\£{XØn¬-\n-∂p-≈tXm-
te°p-≈ bm-{X F∂v- ]{X߃- Fgp-Xm≥- Im-cWw.-
B Xo-bp≠ \£{Xßfp-sS Ijv-Wßtfm- Bbn-cn-
°Ww.- F∂m¬- Cu- D¬-°Iƒ- A¥co-£Øn-te°v- \£{X߃- F¥p-sIm-≠m-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-°s∏´Xv?-
hcp-∂Xv- \£{Xßfp-sS F{Xtbm- Xm-sg\n-∂m-Wv.- \£{X߃- F∂v- \mw- hn-fn-°p-∂hsbm-s° kz-bw-
\£{Xßfn¬- G‰hpw- ASp- Ø p- ≈ t{]m- I v - k n- a m- {]Im-in-°p-∂ BIm-i tKm-fßfm-Wv.- ssl{UP≥
skt≥-dm-dn-t]m-epw- \m-ec {]Im-ih¿-jw- AIsebmWv.- AWp°ƒ loenbambn amdptºmgp≠mIp∂ Du¿P
Ahn-Sp-∂v- AXv- s]m-´n- `q-an-bn-te°v- hcn-Ibm-sW¶n¬- Øns‚ Hcwiw am{XamWv \ΩpsS IÆn¬ FØns∏
Sp∂ {]Imiw. (Page 4 - am\Øpt\m°ptºmƒ.- B¿.-
cmaN{µ≥˛ tIcf imkv { XkmlnXy ]cnjØv ) .
1980 Pq¨ 30\v cmhnse 7.15\v ssl{UP\pw loenbhpw D¬°Ifn¬ ImWp∂n√.
ssk_ocnbbnse XKpkvIbn-¬ 1980 Pq¨ 30\v cmhnse 7.15\v ssk_ocnbbnse
D¬° hoWp.- Z£nW XKpkvIbn-¬ D¬° hoWp.- Z£nW ]ivNnam{^n°bn
se tlm_bnepw, ssN\bnse tImj\nepw D¬°Iƒ
]ivNnam{^n°bnse tlm_bnepw, ]Xn®n´p≠v.
ssN\bnse tImj\nepw D¬°Iƒ
D¬°Ifnse AYhm sIm≈nao\pIfnsebpw \£
]Xn®n´p≠v. {XØnsebpw {Zhy߃ hyXykv Y ßfmbXn\m¬
Jp¿B≥ ]d™Xpw D¬°Ifpw H∂√ F∂v {Kln
°mw. Xs∂bmWv. Ah≥ F√m ImcysØ∏‰nbpw Adnhp
R߃ BImisØ kv]¿in®pt\m°n. At∏mƒ ≈h\mIp∂p'' (2:29).
AXv iIvXamb ]mdmhpImcmepw XoPzmeIfmepw \nd ""Ggv BImißfpw `qanbpw Ahbnep≈hbpw
°s∏´Xmbn R߃ Is≠Øn (F∂pw Pn∂pIƒ Ahs≥d ]cnip≤nsb {]Io¿Øn°p∂p. bmsXmcp
]d™p). BImiØnse Nne Ccn∏nSßfn¬ R߃ hkvXphpw Ahs\ kvXpXn®psIm≠v (Ahs≥d) ]cn
tIƒ°m≥th≠n Ccn°mdp≠mbncp∂p. F∂m¬ ip≤nsb {]Io¿Øn°mØXmbn C√. ]t£, AhcpsS
Ct∏mƒ Bsc¶nepw {i≤n®ptIƒ°pIbmsW¶n¬ Io¿Ø\w \n߃ {Kln°pIbn√. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah
ImØncn°p∂ AKv\nPzmesb Ah\v Is≠Øm ≥ kl\ioe\pw Gsd s]mdp°p∂h\pamIp∂p''
\mhpw (F∂pw Ah¿ ]d™p''- (72:8,9). Ct∏mƒ F∂ (17:44).-
]Zw {i≤n°pI. Jp¿B≥ Cdßp∂Imew AYhm {In ""\o tNmZn°pI: Ggv BImißfpsS c£nXmhpw
kvXm_vZw Ggmw \q‰m≠papX¬ F∂¿Yw. AXv apX alØmb knwlmk\Øns≥d c£nXmhpw BcmIp
¬°mWv XoPzmeIƒ ]nimNp°sf ]n¥pScp∂ kwhn ∂p'' (23:86).-
[m\w D≠mbXv F∂v Cu BbØv hyIvXam°p∂p.
""Aßs\ c≠v Znhkßfnembn Ahsb Ah≥
F∂m¬ \mw ImWp∂ D¬°Iƒ AXns≥d F{Xtbm
Ggv BImißfm°nXo¿Øp. Hmtcm BImiØnepw
apºv Xs∂ D≠mbncp∂p F∂Xn\v sXfnhpIfp≠v.
AXmXns≥d Imcyw Ah≥ \n¿tZin°pIbpw sNbvXp.
_n.kn. \memw\q‰m≠n¬ Pohn®ncp∂ Acnkvt‰m´n¬
kao]Øp≈ BImisØ \mw Nne hnf°pIƒ
D¬°Isf°pdn®v ]cma¿in®n´p≠v. (Essays about the
sIm≠v Ae¶cn°pIbpw kwc£Ww G¿s∏SpØp
Universe Page 124). F.Un. 79¬ C‰enbnse t\]v
Ibpw sNbvXp. {]Xm]imenbpw k¿hPvR\pamb
ƒkn¬ Hcp D¬° ]Xn®Xmbn A°meØv Pohn®n
A√mlp hyhkvYs∏SpØnbXs{X AXv'' (41:12)
cp∂ Pliny the Elder F∂ tdma≥ {]IrXn imkv{X
PvR≥ hnhcn®n´p≠v (Ibid Page 147). Atacn°bnse ""\n߃ I≠nt√; Fßs\bmWv A√mlp ASp°p
AcntkmWbn¬ 25000 h¿j߃°v apºv Hcp D¬° Ifmbn´v Ggv BImi߃ krjvSn®ncn°p∂Xv F∂v?
]Xn®v 600 ASn XmgvNbpw ap°m¬ssa¬ hoXnbpap≈ (71:15).-
Hcp Ipgnbp≠mbn. AXn\m¬ Cu sIm≈nao\pIƒ ""Xo¿®bmbpw \n߃°v aosX \mw Ggp]Y߃
A√,- ]nimNns\ Fdnbp∂ kwhn[m\w thsdbmWv krjvSn®n´p≠v. krjvSnsb∏‰n \mw A{i≤\mbn
F∂v a\ nem°mw. cp∂n´n√'' (23:17).-
""Xo¿®bmbpw ASpØp≈ BImisØ \mw \£ ""\n߃°paosX _enjvTamb Ggv BImi߃
{Xme¶mcØm¬ tamSn]nSn∏n®ncn°p∂p. [n°mcnbmb \mw \n¿an°pIbpw'' (78:12).-
GXv ]nimNn¬\n∂pw AXns\ kpc£nXam°pIbpw F¥mWv GgmImi߃. tamdnkv _p°mbv Xs≥d
sNbvXncn°p∂p. AXyp∂Xamb kaqlØns≥d t\sc ""ss__nƒ,- Jp¿B≥, im-k{v- Xw''- F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬
Ah¿°v sNhnsImSpØv tIƒ°m\mhn√. F√m hi Ggv BImi߃- F∂m¬ [mcmfw BImi߃
Øp\n∂pw Ah¿ Fdn™v HmSn°s∏SpIbpw sNøpw. F∂mWv hymJym\n®Xv. AXv icnb√. ImcWw \_n
Ah¿°v imizXamb in£bp≠v. ]t£, Bsc¶nepw (k)bpsS BImimtcmlWsØ∏‰nbp≈ lZokn¬
s]s´∂v h√Xpw dm©nsbSp°pIbmsW¶n¬ Xpf®pI Ggv BImißfnepw Pn_vco¬ Fs∂sIm≠pt]mbn
S°p∂ Hcp XoPzme Ahs\ ]n¥pScp∂XmWv '' F∂v ]d™tijw BImißfpsS ]cma¿iw Ah
(37:6˛10). km\n°pIbmWv. ]n∂oSpw [mcmfw BImißfp≠v
F√m `mKØp\n∂pw F∂v Jp¿B≥ ]d™ kvYn F∂v ]dbp∂n√.
Xn°v F√m hiØp\n∂pw Hcp t]mbn≥dnte°mbn as‰mcp hymJym\w A¥co£hmbphnse Ggv taJ
cn°Ww D¬°Iƒ hcp∂Xv. ]t£, D¬°Iƒ ]e eIƒ BWv Ah F∂mWv. Troposhere, Stratosphere,
`mKßfnte°pamWv ]Xn°p∂Xv. AXn\m¬ c≠pw
c≠pXs∂. Fs≥d ]cnanXamb Adnhns≥d ASnkvYm
\Øn¬ FØnb Hcp \nKa\w am{XamWnXv. kq£va
amb hnhcw A√mlphn∂dnbmw.
Ggv BImi߃ ""Xo¿®bmbpw \n߃°v aosX \mw
Ggv BImi߃ F∂v Jp¿B\n¬ Ggv kqIvXß Ggp]Y߃ krjvSn®n´p≠v.
fn¬ h∂n´p≠v. krjvSnsb∏‰n \mw
""Ah\mWv \n߃°pth≠n `qanbnep≈sX√mw A{i≤\mbncp∂n´n√''
krjvSn®pX∂Xv. ]pdsa Ggv BImißfmbn {IaoIcn
®psIm≠v D]cntemIsØ kwhn[m\n®h\pw Ah≥
Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Irnosphere, Exosphere, H∂mwhm\Ønte°p≈ Zqcw
Magnetosphere F∂nhbmWh. Cu hymJym\hpw Hcp \_nhN\w {i≤n°pI
icnb√. ImcWw CsX√mwIqSn `qanbn¬\n∂v 900
""C_v\p A∫mkv (d) ]d™p. \_n (k) ]d™p:
Intemao‰¿ Dbcwhscbp≈q. GgmImi߃ F√mw
\n߃°dnbptam \n߃°pw AXn∂pw (BImiw)
IqSn 900 Intemao‰dn¬ HXpßp-sa∂v ]d™m¬ {]]
CSbnep≈ Zqcw F{XbmsW∂v? Ah¿ ]d™p: A√m
©sØ sIm®m°emWv AXv. _lncmImi bm{XnI¿
lphn\pw Ahs≥d ZqX\padnbmw. \_n (k) ]d™p:
Cu A¥co£ taJe°∏pdØv FØnbhcmWv .
\n߃°pw AXn\panSbn¬ 500 h¿jsØ Zqcap≠v.
N{µ≥t]mepw CXns≥d F{Xtbm A∏pd-ØmWv.
]n∂oSv tNmZn®p. AXn\v apIfn¬ F¥mWv. Ah¿ ]d
At∏mƒ bYm¿YØn¬ GgmImi߃ F¥mWv? ™p: A√mlphn\pw ZqX\pw Adnbmw. \_n (k)
C∂phscbpw tPmXnimkv{Xw GgmImi߃ F∂ ]d™p: 500 h¿jsØ ZqcØn\v HcmImiw. Aßs\
Xns\∏‰n Hcp hymJym\w Is≠Ønbn´n√. \mw ImWp Ggv BImiwhsc ]d™p. Hmtcm BImi߃°n
∂ \£{X߃ \ΩpsS KmeIvknbpw C∂phsc Sbnepw H∂mw BImiØnte°p≈Xpt]mseXs∂''
Is≠ØnbtXm Is≠Øm\p≈tXm Bb \£{X (AlvaZv, Xp¿apZn).
߃ F√mw H∂masØ BImiØn\v XmsgbmWv. H∂mw BImiØnte°v 500 h¿jsØ ZqcamsW
\oemImisa∂ ta¬°qc shdpw tXm∂emWv F¶n ¶n¬ aS°w Dƒs∏sS 1000 h¿jambXncn°pat√m.
epw bYm¿YØn¬ Hcp hm\w F√m \£{Xßsfbpw C°mcyw Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p:
s]mXn™p\n¬°p∂p. C∂phsc Adnbs∏´Xn¬
""Ah¿ BImiØp\n∂v `qanbnte°v Imcy߃
G‰hpw Zqscbp≈ 2000 tImSn {]Imih¿j߃°
\nb{¥n®b°p∂p. ]n∂oSv Imcyw Ah¶te°v Db¿
∏pdØp≈ KmeIvknIƒ t]mepw H∂mw hm\Øns≥d
∂pt]mIp∂p. \n߃ IW°m°p∂ Bbncw h¿jam
XmsgbmWv. ImcWw Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p:
Ip∂p B ZnhkØns≥d Afhv'' (32:5).- Cßs\
""G‰hpw ASpØp≈ BImisØ hnf°pIƒsIm Xs∂bmWv apPmlnZv, JØmZ, flm°v apXembh¿
≠v \mw Ae¶cn®ncn°p∂p'' (67:5). hnf°pIƒsIm≠v hymJym\n®sX∂v C_v \ p Ikodn- s ‚ Jp¿B≥
Dt±in°p∂Xv \£{XßfmWv. hymJym\{K\vYØn¬ ImWmw (3:391).-
""Xo¿®bmbpw ASpØp≈ BImisØ \mw \£ B¬_¿´v sF≥kv‰os≥d Bt]£nI kn≤m¥
{Xme¶mcØm¬ tamSn]nSn∏n®ncn°p∂p'' (37:6). {]Imcw Hcp _lncmImi bm{XnI≥ {]ImiØns≥d
tPymXnimkv{XØn\v H∂masØ BImiwt]mepw 99.99999999999996 iXam\w thKXbn¬ H∂mw
]q¿-Wam-bn- Is≠Øm≥ Ign™n´n√. G‰hpw Npcpßn- BImiØnte°p≈ Ipd™Zqcw AYhm 2000 tImSn
bXv 2000 tImSn {]Imih¿jw H∂masØ BImiØn {]Imih¿jw k©cn®m¬ At±lØns≥d hm®n¬
te°ps≠¶n¬ \_n (k) ]d™X\pkcn®v A{XZqcw 400 h¿jta ImWn°pIbp≈q.
H∂n¬ \n∂v c≠nte°p≠v F∂v ]dbptºmƒ 4000 Jp¿B\pw \_nhN\hpw imkv{Xhpw XΩnep≈
tImSn {]Imih¿jw Zqscbmbncn°pw c≠matØXv. tbmPn∏v sh®psIm≠v Hcp ]T\w AhXcn∏n®p F∂v
Aßs\ 140000 tImSn h¿jw {]Imiw k©cn°m≥ am{Xw. kq£vaamb hnhcw A√mlphn∂dnbmw.
am{Xw Zqscbmbncn°Ww NpcpßnbXv GgmasØ
Jp¿B≥ ssZhnI hN\hpw \_nhN\w ssZhnI
BImiw. ]ns∂ Fßs\ GgmImisØ∏‰n Ct∏mg
t_m[\ {]Imcw {]hmNI≥ ]d™Xpw imkv{Xw
sØ AhkvYbn¬ tPymXnimkv{XØn\v ]dbm≥
AtXssZhØns≥d {]]©Øn¬ \mw a\ nem°nb
Ignbpw? C\nbpw F{Xtbm KthjW ]T\߃°p
]T\hpamWt√m. \_nhN\ßfpw imkv{X kXyß
tijw Ggv hm\߃ Is≠Øptam F∂dnbn√. k¿h
fpw Hcn°epw Jp¿B≥ hN\ßfpambn sshcp≤yw
PvR≥ A√mlphs{X!
D≠mhpIbn√.
{]]©KthjWØnse \n lmbIX
]pcmX\ImeØv a\pjy≥ BImisØ shdpw
C∂phsc Adnbs∏´Xn¬ G‰hpw IÆpsIm≠v \nco£n®ncp∂p. CXmWv hm\\nco£
Zqscbp≈ 2000 tImSn WØnse H∂mwL´w. ]n∂oSv Keoentbm Keoen
{]Imih¿j߃°∏pdØp≈ 1609¬ Optical telescope \n¿an®tXmsS IqSpX¬
KmeIvknIƒ t]mepw H∂mw \£{Xßsfbpw {Klßsfbpw I≠p]nSn®p. CXv
c≠mwL´w. ]n∂oSv Radio telescope D]tbmKn®v
hm\Øns≥d XmsgbmWv. A\¥ hnlmb n¬\n∂v hcp∂ tdUntbm Xcw
K߃ ]nSns®SpØv tImSn°W°n\v {]Imih¿jw
Zqscbp≈ KmeIvknIsf Is≠Øn. CXmWv aq∂mw
L´w. ]t£, {]]©Øns≥d A‰w ImWm≥ Ignbm ip{I≥ GgnemsW¶n¬ PmXI≥ kºØpw kuµ
sX F√m ZqcZ¿in\nIfpw \n lmbamhp∂p. Ct∏mƒ cyhpw kpµcnbmb `mcybp≈h\pamIpw. ]t£, ]ckv
Is≠Ønb {]]©w bYm¿Y {]]©Øns≥d ht°m {XoIfn-emIpw Abmƒ°v Xm¬]cyw. c≠mw`mhØn¬
hmtem am{Xambncn°pw. C\n _m°n Is≠Øm\m i\n \n∂m¬ hnZybn¬ ]n∂nemIpas{X! 1609¬
hpsa∂v ]dbm≥ Ignbn√ F∂mWv hm\\nco£W Keoentbm ZqcZ¿in\n I≠p]nSn®tXmsS {Kl߃
imkv{XPvR¿ ]dbp∂Xv. Cu L´ßfpw \n lmb kqcys\ Np‰ns°m≠ncn°ptºmƒ `qanbpambp≈
Xbpw ssZhnI hN\w kqNn∏n°p∂p. ASp∏w IqSpIbpw IpdbpIbpw sNøp∂p F∂v hyIv
""Ggv BImißsf ASp°pIfmbn krjvSn®h\m Xambn. CX√msX {Kl߃°pw \£{X߃°pw
Ip∂p Ah≥. ]caImcpWnIs≥d krjvSn∏n¬ bmsXm iIvXn IqSpItbm IpdbpItbm sNøp∂n√. tPymXn
cp G‰°pdhpw \o ImWpIbn√. F∂m¬ \o ZrjvSn jØns≥d ASnØdXs∂ CtXmsS s]mfn™p.
H∂pIqSn Xncn®psIm≠phcq. h√hnShpw \o ImWp∂p kqcy≥ IenwKØnepw sNm∆ Ah¥nbnepw _p[
t≠m? ]n∂oSv c≠pXhW IÆns\ Xncn®psIm≠phcq. ≥ aK[Ønepsams°bmWv P\n®Xv F∂v tPymXnjw
\ns≥dbSptØ°v B ImgvN ]cmPbs∏´ \nebnepw ]dbp∂p (Ibid P. 152). `q-anbpsS 1300 Cc´n hep∏ap≈
]chiambns°m≠pw aSßnhcpw'' (67:3˛4). hymghpw 13 e£tØmfw Cc´n hep∏ap≈ kqcy\pw
`qanbn¬ P\n®XmWv t]mepw.
F{X{]mhiyw ZrjvSn Xncn®mepw IqSpX¬ \£{X
߃ ImWptam? IqSpX¬ A∏pdtØ°v ImWm≥ tPymXv k y∑m¿°v Pohn°m≥ D≠m°nb Hcp
]‰p∂ D]IcW߃ aptJ\ ]T\w \SØn t\m°q X´n∏mWnXv. "{KltZmjapt≠m?' ]cnlmcap≠v. Hmtcm
F∂v B[p\nI bpKØnep≈htcmSpw IqSn Blzm\w {KltZmjØn\pw [cnt°≠ amWnIy I√pIfmWnXv.
sNøp∂ ssien Jp¿B\ns≥d \nXy\qX\Xzw kqcy\v amWnIyw, N{µ\v N{µIm¥w, sNm∆°v sNº
hyIvXam°p∂p. hngw, _p[\v acXIw..... (B`cW hym]mcn°pw tPymXv
ky\pw t\´w). {Kl∏ngIfp≈ Imeßfn¬ {]mXkv\n
tPymXnjw (Astrology)
Xw, AamhmkymZn ]pWyImeßfn¬ Xo¿Ykv\m\w,
tPymXnjw imkv{Xa√. imkv{XØns≥d t]cn¬ P]w, Zm\w, tlmaw XpSßnb I¿a߃ sNbvXm¬
bmsXmcp ASnkvYm\hpan√mØ A\v[hnizmkß {KltZmjw HgnhmIpw. Hmtcm {KlØn\pap≈ a{¥
fmWv AXns≥d kn≤m¥ßƒ. aS∏≈n tImtfPnse ߃ Dcphn´v im¥n tlmamZnI¿a߃ sNøpItbm
^nknIvkv s{]m^kdmbncp∂ sI. ]m∏p´n FgpXnb sNøn°pItbm thWw. tPymXvkyØns≥d X´n∏v a\
tPymXnjhpw tPymXnimkv{Xhpw F∂ ]pkvXIØn  nem°m≥ C\nbpw hnhcWØns≥d Bhiyap
s≥d BapJØn¬ At±lw ]dbp∂p: "HØncn s≠∂v tXm∂p∂n√.
sX‰n≤mcWIƒ \ne\n¬°p∂ Hcp {]mNo\ hnPvRm \£{XßfpsSbpw {KlßfpsSbpw BI¿jWw
\ imJbmWv tPymXnjw. Nne¿ AXns\ shdpw A\v[ P\n°p∂ Ip´nIfn¬ kzm[o\w sNepØpsa∂ hmZ
hnizmkw am{Xambn ImWp∂p. imkv{Xt_m[an√mØ amWv tPymXvky∑mcpsS Ahkm\sØ ]p¬s°mSn.
]mhßsf NqjWw sNøm≥ Nne kq{XimenIƒ Aßs\bmsW¶n¬ Ip´nIfpsS cIvXkΩ¿Zw IqSp
Is≠Ønb hnZybmbn am{Xw (Pub: tIcf imkv{X sa∂pw Ipdbpsa∂pw ]d™ncps∂¶n¬ \ap°v AXv
kmlnXy ]cnjØv, aq∂mw ]Xn∏v). ]cntim[n°pIsb¶nepw sNømambncp∂p. `mhn Pohn
inh]p{X\mWv tPymXnjØns≥d D]PvRmXmhv Xhpambn Ahbv-°v bmsXmcp _\vhpan√.
F∂v hnizkn°s∏Sp∂p. At±lØns≥d kvIµtlm aplΩZv \_n (k)bpsS aI≥ C{_mlo-w F∂
cbmWs{X BZysØ tPymXnj{K\vYw. \£{Xßfp Ip™v acn® Znhkw kqcy{KlWw D≠mbncp∂p.
sSbpw {KlßfpsSbpw a‰pw t]cnemWv AXv AhXcn kqcy\v ZpxJw _m[n®p F∂v BfpIƒ ]d™t∏mƒ
∏n°p∂Xv F∂Xv am{XamWv AXnse imkv{Xw. \_n (k) {]Jym]n®p: "HcmfpsS acWwsImt≠m
sNm∆bpw `qanbpw sht∆sd {`aW]YßfneqsS P\\w sImt≠m kqcyt\m N{µt\m {KlWw
bmWv k©cn°p∂Xv. AXn\m¬ sNm∆ `qantbmSv _m[n°pIbn√. AXv ssZhØns≥d ZrjvSm
ASpØv hcptºmƒ tim` IqSpIbpw AIeptºmƒ Ipd ¥ßfmWv.
bpIbpw sNøp∂p. {]ImiØns≥d Cu G‰°pdhv A\v[hnizmkhpw hyIvXn]qPbpw apfbn¬Xs∂
IpPs≥d (sNm∆bpsS) _ehpw _e£bhpambn´mWv \p≈n°fbpIbmbncp∂p aplΩZv \_n (k) sNbv
tPymXnjnIƒ Nn{XoIcn®Xv. ]{¥≠mw `mhØn¬ XXv.
IpP≥ \n¬°ptºmƒ P\n°p∂h≥ t\{XtcmKnbpw ""Cu {K\vYw \mw \n\°v AhXcn∏n®pX∂ncn°p
aSnb\pw _\v[\w A\p`hn°p∂h\pw ep_v[\pw ∂Xv P\ßsf (A\v[hnizmkØns≥d) Ccp´pIfn¬
`mcymacWw A\p`hn°p∂h\pamIpw. 12¬ sNm∆ \n∂v (kXyhnizmkØns≥d) shfn®Ønte°v \bn
i\ntbmSv tN¿∂v \n∂m¬ Pbn¬hmkw Dd∏mWv. °m≥th≠nbm-Wv-'' (14:1)--
(t]-Pv- 24 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ Jp¿-B\pw- hn-a¿-iIcpw-- -...) ¬-\n-∂v- kp-Xcmw- hy-Iv-Xam-Wv.- ]u-cmWn & Newyork page 141) C∂v- ss{Ikv-Xh
-I Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-s\°p-dn-® ]T\ {K\vYß ¿- aXNn-lv-\am-bn- D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂ co-Xn-
""\n-ßfp-sS ssIIfpw- Im-ep-Ifpw-
fn-sem-∂pw-Xs∂ ^tdm-ham-cp-sS Ime bn-ep-≈Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ BZy-Im-esØ Ip-
FXn¿-hißfn¬-\n-∂mbn- Rm≥- ap-dn-®p-
Øv- {Iq-io-IcWw- \n-e\n-∂Xm-bn- hy-IvX cn-iv.- Hcp- acØSn-bn¬- ssIIfpw- Im-ep-
Ifbp-I Xs∂ sNøpw.- ]n-s∂ \n-ßsf
am°p-∂ tcJIƒ- AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂ns√ Ifpw- Acs°´p-sa√mw- BWn-bn¬- Xd®v-
ap-gp-h≥- Rm≥- {Iq-in-°p-Ibpw- sNøpw,-
∂Xv- icn-bm-Wv.- F∂m¬- AXp-sIm-≠p- C©n-©m-bn- sIm-√p-∂ k{ºZm-bam-Wv-
Xo¿-®''- (hn.-Jp.- 7:124)-
am-{Xw- A∂v- Aßs\sbm-cp- in-£m k {Iq-io-IcWØn-s≥-d BZn-acq-]w.- ]n-∂oSv-
""Ah≥- (^n¿-Hu≥)- ]d™p-: Rm≥- {ºZm-bw- Xs∂ \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂n-√m-sb∂v- FIvkv- (X) BIr-Xn-bn¬- c≠v- XSn-Iƒ-
\n-߃-°v- A\p-hm-Zw- Xcp-∂Xn-\v- ap-ºm- ]dbm-\m-hn-√.- ]u-cm-Wn-I Cu-Pn-]vX - n-s\ sh®v- AXn¬- {Iq-io-Icn-°p-∂ co-Xn-bp
bn- \n-߃- Ah\n¬- hn-iz-kn-®p-sht∂m.- °p-dn-® ]T\Øn-\v- Ahn-sS\n-∂v- D¬-J ≠mbn.- AXn-\pw- tijam-Wv- Hcp- XSn-ac
Xo¿®bm-bpw- Ch≥- \n-߃-°v- Pm-ehn- \\w- sNbv-sXSpØ in-em-tcJIsfbpw- Øn-s≥d ap-Iƒ-`m-KØv- as‰m-cp- ac°
Zy- ]Tn-∏n-® \n-ßfp-sS Xeh≥- Xs∂bm- ko-ep-Isfbpw- {]Xn-aIsfbp-sa√m-am-Wv- jWw- Iq-´n-sh®v- Sn- (T) BIr-Xn-bn-epw-
Wv.- hgn-sb \n-߃- Adn-™p-sIm-≈pw.- {][m-\am-bpw- D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv.- Chbn C∂v- ss{Ikv-Xh¿- aXNn-lv-\am-bn- D]
Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \n-ßfp-sS ssIIfpw- \n- ¬-\n-∂v- am-{Xam-bn- CuPn-]v-Xn-s≥-d Hcp- tbm-Kn-°p-∂ + BIr-Xn-bn-ep-sa√m-ap-≈
ßfp-sS Im-ep-Ifpw- FXn¿hißfn¬-\n- kºq¿-Æ Ncn-{Xw- \n¿-an-°m-\m-hn-√.- Ch Ip-cn-ip-Ifp-≠m-bXv.- AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv-
∂m-bn-s°m-≠v- Rm≥- ap-dn-®p-Ifbp-Ibpw- bn¬- tcJs∏Sp-Øs∏Sm-Ø \n-ch[n- Im- "acØn-tem- Ipcn-in-tem- BWn-bSn-®p-sIm-
\n-ßsf apgp-h≥- Rm≥- {Iq-in-°p-Ibpw- cy-ßfp-≠m-bn-cn-°mw. tcJs∏Sp-Øs∏´ √p-∂Xm-Wv- {Iq-io-IcWw'- F∂v- HmIv-kv-
sNøp-∂Xm-Wv''- (hn.-Jp.- 26:49).- Im-cy-ßfn¬-Xs∂ hm-bn-°m≥- Ign-bm t^m¿-Uv- Iw-]m-\n-b≥- Sp- Zn- ss__n-fn¬-
""Ah≥- (^n¿-Hu≥)- ]d™p-: Rm≥- Øhbp-≠m-bn-cn-°mw-; hm-bn-°m≥- Ign- ]d™Xv.- BWnbSn-®v- sIm-√p-Isb∂
\n-߃-°v- kΩXw- Xcp∂Xn-\v- ap-ºv- \n- ™hbn¬-Xs∂ kv-Jen-Xßfp-≠mIp I¿-Ωam-Wv,- AXn-\p]tbm-Kn-°p-∂ hkv
߃- Ahs\ hn-iz-kn-®p-Ign-™psh
t∂m?- Xo¿®bm-bpw- \n-߃-°v- Pm-ehnZy-
]Tn-∏n-®p-X∂ \n-ßfp-sS t\Xm-hv-Xs∂ Jp¿-B\n-I ]cm-a¿-i߃-°v- Dt]m¬-_eIamb
bm-Wv- Ah≥.- BIbm¬- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- tcJIƒ- e`n-®n-´n-√m-ØXp-t]m-seXs∂ AXn-s\
Rm≥- \n-ßfp-sS ssIIfpw- Im-ep-Ifpw-
FXn¿-hißfn¬-\n-∂m-bn- ap-dn-®p-Ifbp
\ntj[n°p-∂ tcJIfp-an-√m-Ø kv-Yn-Xn-°v- B ]cm-a¿-
Ibpw- Cu-¥∏\ XSn-Ifn¬- \n-ßsf Rm ißfn¬- A_≤amtcm-]n-°p-∂Xn-\v- bm-sXm-cp- ASn-kv-
≥- {Iq-in-°p-Ibpw- sNøp∂Xm-Wv.- Rß Ym\hpan-√.-
fn¬- Bcm-Wv- G‰hpw- ITn-\am-bXpw- \o-
≠p-\n¬°p-∂Xp-am-b in-£ \¬-Ip-∂h
≥- F∂v- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \n-߃-°v- a\ n- hm-\p-≈ km-[y-Xbpw- ]q¿-Wam-bn- X≈n- Xp-hn-s≥-d BIr-Xn-b√ {Iq-io-IcWsØ
em-Ip-Ibpw- sNøpw''- (hn.-Jp.- - 20:71).- °fbm-\m-hn-√.- AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ ]u- A\z¿-∞am-°p-∂Xv- F∂v- km-cw.-
aq-km-\_n-(A)-bp-sS ap-ºv- bq-kp-^v- cm-Wn-I Cu-Pn-]vX - n-s\°p-dn-® ]T\߃- acØn¬- Xd®p-sIm-√p-∂ G¿-∏m-Sv-
\_n- (A)-bp-sS Im-eØp-Xs∂ {Iq-io- Ahn-sS {Iq-io-IcWw- \n-e\n-∂n-´n-√m-sb tam-ibp-sS Im-eØpw- tbm-k^n-s≥-d Im-
IcWw- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂Xm-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-°p- ∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂ tcJIƒ- shfn-s∏Sp- eØp-sa√mw- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂Xn-\v-
∂ Jp¿B≥- hN\ßfp-ap-≠v.- bq-kp-^v- Øm-Øn-StØm-fw- Ahn-sS {Iq-io-IcWap- ss__nƒ-Xs∂ sXfn-hp-Iƒ- \¬-Ip-∂p-
\_n- (A)-tbm-sSm-∏w- Pbn-eneS°s∏´ ≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂ Jp¿ ≠v.- tbm-k^n-s≥-d kz-]\ v- hym-Jym\sØ
bm-fp-sS kz-]v-\Øn-\v- At±lw- \¬-Inb B\n-I ]cm-a¿-i߃- A_≤amsW∂v- °p-dn-®v- D¬-]Øn- ]p-kv-XIw- ]dbp-∂Xv-
hym-Jym\sØ°p-dn-®v- ]cm-a¿-in-°sh ]dbm-\m-In-√.- Jp¿-B\n-I ]cm-a¿-i߃- Cßs\bm-Wv: ""tbm-k^v- ]d™p: CXm-
Jp¿-B≥- Cßs\ ]dbp-∂Xv- Im-Wmw: °v- Dt]m¬-_eIamb tcJIƒ- e`n-®n´n- Wv- kz-]\ v- Øn-s≥-d hym-Jym-\w.- aq-∂v- Ip´
""Pbn-en-se c≠v- kp-lr-Øp-°tf,- F∂m √m-ØXp-t]m-seXs∂ AXn-s\ \ntj aq-∂v- Zn-hkam-Wv.- aq-∂v- Zn-hkØn-\Iw-
¬- \n-ßfn-sem-cp-h≥- Xs≥-d bPam-\\v- [n°p-∂ tcJIfp-an-√m-Ø kvY - n-Xn-°v- B ^tdm-hm≥- \n-s≥-d Xesh´n- \n-s∂ Igp-
ho-™v- Ip-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw.- F∂m¬- ]cm-a¿-ißfn¬- A_≤amtcm-]n-°p∂ acØn¬- sI´n-Øq-°pw.- ]£n-Iƒ- \n-s‚
at‰ bmƒ- {Iq-in-°s∏Spw.- F∂n-´v- Abm- Xn-\v- bm-sXm-cp- ASn-kv-Ym-\hp-an-√.- amw-kw- `£n-°pw''- (D¬] Øn- 40:18˛19).
fp-sS Xebn¬-\n-∂v- ]dhIƒ- sIm-Øn F¥m-Wv- {Iq-io-IcWw?- "HmIvk - vt^m C°m-cyw- ]cm-a¿-in-°p-tºmƒ- Jp¿
Øn-∂pw.- GsXm-cp- Im-cy-sØ∏‰n- \n-ßfn ¿-Uv- Iw-]m-\n-b≥- Sp- Z ss__nƒ'- ]dbp- B≥- "{Iq-in-°p-I'-sb∂mWv- ]d™n-´p-
-cp-hcpw- hn-[n-Bcm-bp-∂p-thm- B Imcyw- ∂Xv- Im-Wp-I: ""h[in-£bm-tbm- arXi ≈sX∂ Im-cyw- {]tXy-Iw- {it≤bamWv.-
Xo-cp-am-\n-°s∏´p-Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p''- (hn.- cocsØ {]Z¿-in-∏n-°p-∂Xn-∂m-tbm- Ip-
tam-i Fgp-Xn-bXm-bn- Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂
Jp.- 12:41)-.- cn-in-tem- acØn-tem- Hcmsf BWn-bSn-
Bh¿-Ø\ ]p-kvXIØn-epw- acØn¬-
aq-km-\_n- (A)-°v- ap-ºp-Xs∂ Cu- °p-Itbm- _\v-[n-°p-Itbm- sNøp-I''.-
Xq-°n-s°m-√p-∂Xn-s\°p-dn-® ]cm-a¿-i
Pn-]v-Xn¬- \n-e\n-∂n-cp∂ Hcp- in-£m-apd (Bruce M Metzger Michael D Coogan
ßfp≠v-: ""h[in-£ A¿-ln-°p-∂ Ip-‰w-
bm-bm-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- {Iq-io-IcWsØ ]cn- (Ed), Oxford Companion to the Bible,
sNbv-Xhs\ h[n-®v- acØn¬- Xq-°n-°gn-
Nbs∏SpØp-∂Xv- F∂v- Cu- kq-IX v- ßfn 1993, Oxford University Press, Oxford
™m¬- Abm-fp-sS PUw- cm-{Xn- ap-gp-h≥-
B acØn¬- In-S°cp-Xv.- B Zn-hkw-X hsc√mw- i]n-°s∏´hcm-Wv'- F∂v- Fgp- _nƒ- Un-Iv-jv-Wdn- ]dbp-∂Xv- Im-Wp-I:
s∂ Abm-sf kw-kv-°cn-°Ww.- Xq°n- Xs∏´n-cn-°p-∂p-ht√m.- Aßs\ A{_m- ""Cu-Pn-]vX- p-Im-cp-sSbpw- (D¬-]Øn- 40:19),-
s°m-√s∏Sp-∂h≥- ssZhØm¬- i]n-° lm-an-\v- ssZhw- \¬-In-b A\p-{Klw- {In- Im¿-tØPn-\n-b∑m-cp-sSbpw- t]¿-jy-°m-
s∏´h\m-Wv.- \ns≥-d ssZham-b I¿-Øm kv-Xp-tbip-hneq-sS hn-Pm-Xo-b¿-°pw- e`n- cp-sSbpw- (Fkv-tX¿- 7:10)- Ako-dn-b°m-
hv- \n-\°v- AhIm-iam-bn- Xcp-∂ tZiw- °m-\pw- XXv-^eam-bn- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sNø cp-sSbpw- kvI - oXy-cp-sSbpw- C¥y-°m-cp-sS
\o- aen-\am-°cp-Xv''- (Bh 21:22˛23). s∏´ ]cn-ip-≤m-Xv-am-hv- hn-izm-kw-hgn- \ap- bpw- P¿-a≥-Im-cp-sSbpw- hfsc BZy-Imew-
tam-i°v- tijw- h∂ tbm-ip-hbp-sS °pw- e`n-°m-\pw- tbip-{Inkv-Xp- Acpƒ- sXm-´p-Xs∂ {Ko-°p-Im-cp-sSbpw- tdm-a°m-
Im-eØpw- Cu- in-£m-co-Xn- \n-e\n-∂n-cp- sNbv-Xp''- (Kem-Xy¿- 3:13)-. cp-sSbpw- CSbn¬- {Iqio-IcWw- D]tbm-
∂p-sh∂v- ss__nƒ- hy-IX v- am-°p-∂p-≠v: At∏m-kX v- e {]hr-Øn-Ifn-epw- tbip- Kn-°s∏´n-cp-∂p.- BZn-a blq-Z∑m¿-°v-
""Bbn-bn-se cm-Pm-hn-s\ sshIp-t∂cw- hn-s\°p-dn-®v- ]dbptºmƒ- "Ah¿- Ah Cu- in£m- k{ºZm-bw- Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-
hsc Hcp- acØn¬- sI´n-Øq-°nbn-´p.- kq s\ acØn¬- Xq-°n-s°m-∂p'- (At∏m- t∂m-sb∂ hn-jbØn¬- X¿-°w- \ne\n
cym-kv-Xabw- Bbt∏mƒ- tbm-ip-hbp-sS 10:39)- sh∂m-Wv- ]dbp-∂Xv.- CXn¬-\n ¬-°p-∂p-≠v.- blq-Z∑m¿- tdm-a°m-cn¬-\n-
I¬-]\{]Im-cw- ihw- acØn¬-\n-∂v- Cd s∂√mw- tbm-k^n-s≥-d Im-eØv- \n-e\n- ∂m-bn-cn-°Ww- Cu- k{º Zm-bw- kzo-Icn-
°n-; \Kchm-Xn¬-°en-´p.- Ah¿- AXn\p- ∂Xpw- tam-i Bh¿-Ø\]p-kv-XIØn¬- ®Xv.- CXv- G‰hpw- `o-Icamb acWco-Xn
ap-Ifn¬- Hcp- I¬-°q-\ D≠m-°n.- AXv- ]d™Xpw- tbmip-h \S∏n-em-°n-bXpsa bmbn- F√m-hcpw- Hcp-t]m-se Aw-Ko-Icn-
Ct∂m-fw- Ahn-sSbp-≠v''- (tbm-ip-h 8:29). √mw- tbip-hn-s≥-d Im-eØv- \n-e\n-∂ncp ®n-cp-∂p''- (``Crucifixion'' Smith's Bible
∂ {Iq-io-IcWØn-s≥-dXs∂ hy-Xy-kv Dictionary Online).
Bh¿-Ø\]p-kv-XIØn-se "acØn
¬- Xq-°s∏´hs\'-°pdn® ]cm-a¿-iß X cq-]ßfm-bn-cp-∂psh∂v- kp-Xcmw- hy- ]p-cm-X\ Cu-Pn-]v-Xn¬- {Iq-io-IcWw-
sf tbip-hn¬- Btcm-]n-°s∏´ {Iq-io- Iv-Xam-Wv.- \n-e\n-∂Xn-\v- sXfnhp-Ifn-s√∂v- ]d™v-
IcWhpam-bn- ]u-tem-kv- _\v-[n-∏n-°p Cu- sXfn-hp-Ifp-sS ASn-kv-Ym-\Øn Jp¿-B\n¬- A_≤w- Btcm-]n-°p-∂Xn-
\v- apºv- an-j\dn-am¿- kz-¥w- thZ{K\v-Yw-
H∂v- a\ n-cp-Øn- hm-bn-®p-t\m-t°≠Xm-
bn-cp-∂p.- tbm-k^n-s≥-dbpw- tam-ibp-sS
Bh¿-Ø\]p-kv-XIØn-se "acØn¬- Xq-°s∏´hs\'-
bpw- Im-eØv- {Iq-io-IcWw- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-
°pdn® ]cm-a¿-ißsf tbip-hn¬- Btcm-]n-°s∏´ ∂p-sh∂v- ]dbp-∂Xv- Jp¿-B≥- am-{Xa√;
{Iqio-IcWhpam-bn- ]u-tem-kv- _\v-[n-∏n-°p-∂Xv- ss__n-fpw- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- Ccp-thZ{K\v-Y
Im-WpI: ßfpw- Hcp-t]m-se ]dbp∂ C°m-cy-Øn-
\v- hn-cp-≤am-b sXfn-hp-Iƒ- ]p-cm-X\ Cu-
Pn-]v-Xns\°p-dn-® ]T\߃- \¬-Im-Øn-
∂Xv- Im-Wp-I: ""\ap-°p-th≠n- im]hn ¬- CuPn-]v-Xp-Im¿-°n-Sbn¬- {Iq-io-Ic StØm-fw- CXn¬- A_≤am-tcm-]n-°p-∂
t[b\m-bn-Øo¿-∂ {In-kv-Xp- \n-baØn- Wsa∂ in-£m-k{ºZm-bw- \n-e\n-∂n-cp- Xn¬- bm-sXm-cp- Igºp-an-√.-
s≥-d im-]Øn¬ -\n-∂v- \sΩ tam-Nn-∏n- ∂Xm-bn- ss__nƒ- ]WvU - n-X∑m¿-Xs∂
®n-cn-°p-∂p.- "acØn¬- Xq-ßn- acn-°p∂ hy-IvX
- am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- kva
- nØn-s≥d ss_

(t]-Pv- 27 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ Ckvemw: hnPvRm\ - - ...)

s∂¶n¬!
(t]-Pv- 41 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ tbip: AXv`pXhpw -...) Ww ]{¥≠v tKm{XØn\pw Hcp ASbmfambn ]{¥≠v hSnIƒ {]tXyIam°nsh
°pIbpw Hmtcm∂nt∑epw AhcpsS tKm{Xt]cpIƒ tcJs∏SpØpIbpw sNøp∂p.
Ahbn¬\n∂v btlmh sXcs™Sp°p∂hs≥d hSn Xfn¿°psa∂v {]hNn®v
Ahsb tami km£yIqSmcØn¬sh°p∂p. ]nt‰Znhkw tehn tKm{XØnse Al
tcms≥d hSn Xfn¿Øv AXv ]qØv _Zmw^ew D≠mbXmbn ImWp∂p (kwJy
]pkvXIw 17:1˛7). tIhew Hcp Znhkw sIm≠v Hcp hSn Xfn¿Øv _Zmw ]gw D≠msb
¶n¬ AXv tbip sNbvX a‰v AXv`pXßtf°mƒ alØcat√?
kqcyN{µ∑msc \nivNeam°n: cmPmhmbncp∂ tbm-iph {]hmNIs≥d
ssk\yw Atamcnbsbbpw kJyI£nIsfbpw Iogvs]SpØnb Znhkw tbm-iph
kqcys\ hnfn®psIm≠v kqcyt\mSv Kns_tbm≥ {]tZiØn\v apIfnembpw N{µt\m
Sv Aømtem¨ XmgvhcbpsS apIfnembpw Ah¿°v klmbIamwhn[w \nivNeambn
\n¬°m\mhiys∏SpIbpw AXv {]Imcambn AXv A\pkcn°pIbpw Aßs\
B P\X i{Xp°tfmSv ]Iho´pthmfw kpcyN{µ∑m¿ Hcp Znhkw apgph≥ \nivN
eambn\n¬-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xphs{X! (tbmiph 10:12˛14).
kqcyN{µ∑mcpsS Ne\sØ t]mepw kzm[o\n°m\pw \nivNeam°m\pw Ignhp
≈h\mWv tbm-iph F∂v {]Jym]n®psIm≠v At±lØn\v ZnhyXzw I¬]n
°m\mIptam?
\Zn ]nf¿Øn: {]hmNI∑mcmb Genbmhpw Genibpw Hcn°¬ tbm¿Zm≥
\Zn°cbnseØn. AXns\ apdn®pIS∂v A°scsbØWambncp∂p Ah¿°v.
AXn\mbn bm{Xm kwhn[m\ßsfm∂pw At∏mƒ e`yhpambncp∂n√. Genbmhv
Xs≥d tXmfnep≠mbncp∂ ]pXs∏SpØv aS°n AXpsIm≠v tbm¿Zm≥ \Znsb
ASn°p∂p. DS≥ tbm¿Zm≥ \Zn c≠mbn ]nf¿∂v Ah¿°v ]mXsbmcp°p∂p. B
DWßnb hgnbneqsS Ah¿ \S∂v A°scsbØnbt∏mƒ Genbmhv Hcp Npgen°m
‰n¬ AIs∏´v kz¿KmtcmlWw sNøp∂p. ZpxJnX\mb Geni Xncn®pt]mcms\m
cpßp∂p. AXn\mbn \Zn°cbnseØnbt∏mƒ \Zn ho≠pw ]q¿hkvYnXnbnte°p
Xs∂ aSßnbncn°p∂p. DS≥ Geni Genbmhn¬\n∂v hoW B ]pX∏v AhnsS
InS°p∂Xv ImWpIbpw AsXSpØv \Znsb ASn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. \Zn ho≠pw
]nf¿∂v hgnbp≠mhpIbpw AXneqsS Geni C°scsbØpIbpw sNøp∂p- (1
cmP 2:7˛14)-.-
Hcn°¬ tami C{kmtb¬ a°fpambn sN¶S¬ IS°ms\Øp∂p. Ah¿°v
A°scsbØm≥ am¿Kßsfm∂pan√Xm\pw. Ahsc ]nSnIqSm\mbn ^tdm-hbpw
ssk\yhpw ]ndInepap≠v. DS≥ tami sN¶Sen\v aosX ssI \o´pIbpw At∏mƒ
IS¬ h‰n Ic{]tZiamhpIbpw C{kmtbeycpambn A°c°v t]mhpIbpw sNøp∂p.
A°scsbØnbt∏mƒ tami ho≠pw ^tdm-hbp-sS ssk\yØn\pta¬ sh≈w
aqSpIbpw Ah¿ H∂msI apßnacn°pIbpw sNøp∂p (]pd∏mSv 14:20˛31).-
CØcw AXv ` pXßfpw Cu almXv`pX߃ sNbvX {]hmNI∑mcmb Genbmhns\bpw Genisbbpw
tcmKim¥nip{iqjbpw tamisbbpw ssZhßfm-bn- IW°m-°mtam?
hocy{]h¿ØnIfpw \S sh≈w cIvXam°¬: tamibv-°pw ktlmZc≥ Altcm\pw btlmh \¬Inb
as‰mcp AXv`pX iIvXnbmbncp∂p XßfpsS ssIhiap≈ hSn sh≈Øn\v
Øn hnip≤∑mcmbn Na
t\sctbm as‰s¥¶nepw Blmc ]m\ob߃°v t\sctbm \o´n∏nSn®m¬ Ah
bp∂h¿ A¥y\ymbhn cIvXambn am‰s∏Spw F∂p≈Xv. Xs≥d kaqlamb C{kmtbeysc btlmhsb
[n \mfn¬ tbipsh A`n Bcm[n°m\mbn Xt∂msSm∏w Ab®pXcWa∂v tami Bhiys∏´psh¶nepw
apJoIcnt°≠nhcp tºm ^tdmh AXn\v hnkΩXn°p∂p. AXn\p≈ {]Xn{Inbsbt∂mWw Ah¿ \Znbnse
ƒ; XßfpsS Cu XymK sh≈w apgph≥ XßfpsS hSnsIm≠v cIvXam°pIbpw AXnep≈ aXvkyßfpw
a‰v PohnIfpw NsØmSpßpIbpw sNøp∂p. am{Xa√, B tZihmknIfpsS Blmc
sØ tbiphn\v ap∂n¬ ]m\obßsf√mw cIvXØm¬ \ndbpIbpw Ah¿°v Ad∏v DfhmIpIbpw `£n°m≥
ka¿∏n°ptºmƒ F¥v km[ya√mØhn[w AXv Zpjn°pIbpw sNøp∂p (]pd∏mSv 7:16˛24). Hcp
kw`hn°psat∂m?- tZisØbmIam\w Hcp ]mTw ]Tn∏n°ms\∂ \ne°v _m[n® Cu AXv`pXsØ
ap≥\n¿Øn Ah¿ Ccph¿°pw ZnhyXzw I¬]n°m\mIptam?.
At∏mkvXecpw....
tbip{InkvXpsht]mse Ah\ptijw hnip≤ At∏mkvXecpw [mcmfw
AXv ` pX߃ sNbv X Xmbn thZ]pkv X Iw kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v . ]t{Xmkpw
 tbml∂m\pw Hcn°¬ tZhmebØn¬ {]thin®t∏mƒ P∑\m apS¥\mb Hcp
`n£°mcs\ ImWpIbpw Ah¿°ncph¿°pw Aht\mSv Zb tXm∂pIbpw sNbvXXn
\m¬ Ah¿ Ahs≥d ssI]nSn®v Db¿Øn Aht\mSv \S°m\mhiys∏Sp∂p. X¬£
Ww Ah≥ \S°pIbpw sNøp∂p. kt¥mjØm¬ Ah≥ Xp≈n®mSn ssZhsØ
kvXpXn°pIbpw AhtcmsSm∏w tZhmebØnte°v {]thin°pIbpw sNøp∂p
(At∏m. {]. 3:1˛9).
]e At∏mkvXecpw AhcpsS kv]¿i\Ømepw Z¿i\Ømepw F¥nt\sd
AhcpsS \ngens≥d km∂n[yØn¬t]mepw tcmKim¥nbpw a‰v AXv`pXßfpw {]h
¿Øn®ncp∂phs{X! (At∏m. {]. 5:12˛16). At∏mkvXecpsS Iøm¬ H´[nIw AXv`p
X߃ \S∂Xn\m¬ ]ecpw Ahsc `btØmsSbmbncp∂phs{X I≠ncp∂Xv
(At∏m. {]. 2:43).-
F∂m¬ Cu AXv`pXßsf√mw tbiphnep≈ AhcpsS hnizmkØm¬ km[yam
bXmsW∂v hmZn°s∏Smdp≠v. AXn\m¬Xs∂ CØcw hnizmkwaqew X߃°pw
AXv`pX {]h¿Ø\ßfpw tcmKim¥nbpw \¬Im\mhpsa∂v {]Jym]n®psIm≠v A`n
\h kphntijIcpw CubnsSbmbn AXv`pX tcmKim¥n ip{iqjbpambn DucvNp‰m
dp≠v. F∂m¬ I≈ {InkvXpam¿°pt]mepw CØcw AXv`pX߃ {]h¿Øn°m\mhp
sa∂ tbiphns≥d {]kvXmh\ (aØmbn 24:24) CØcw BfpIƒ°p≈ Xncn®Snbt√
F∂v kwibnt°≠nbncn°p∂p. am{Xa√, CØcw AXv`pXßfpw tcmKim¥nip{iq
jbpw hocy{]h¿ØnIfpw \SØn hnip≤∑mcmbn Nabp∂h¿ A¥y\ymbhn[n \mfn
¬ tbipsh A`napJoIcnt°≠nhcptºmƒ; XßfpsS Cu XymKsØ tbiphn\v ap
∂n¬ ka¿∏n°ptºmƒ F¥v kw`hn°psat∂m?- "I¿Ømth, I¿Ømth \ns≥d
\maØn¬ R߃ {]hNn°pIbpw \ns≥d \maØn¬ `qXßsf ]pdØm°pIbpw
\ns≥d \maØn¬ hfsc hocy{]h¿ØnIƒ {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNbvXn√tbm F∂v
]ecpw B \mfn¬ Ft∂mSv ]dbpw. A∂v Rm≥ AhtcmSv: Rm≥ Hcp\mfpw \nßsf
Adn™n´n√; A[¿aw {]h¿Øn°p∂htc, Fs∂ hn´pt]mIphn≥ F∂v Xo¿Øv
]dbpw' (aØmbn 7:22˛23). ]cnip≤mXva {]tNmZnXcmbn Dd™pXp≈n Icnkvam‰nIv
[ym\ßfn¬ AXv`pXtcmK im¥n ip{iqj \SØp∂ A`n\h At∏mkvXecpsS
Zp¿KXn CXmbncn°ptam F∂v I≠dntb≠XpXs∂. icnbmb hnizmknIfmsW¶n¬
\n߃°pw F¥pw km[yamIpsa∂mWv AØnacsØ DW°nbXpI≠v- kvX
_v[cmbn \n∂ injytcmSv tbip ]d™Xv. "kXyambn´pw Rm≥ \nßtfmSv ]dbp∂p:
\n߃°v hnizmkw D≠mbncn°pIbpw \n߃ kwibn°mXncn°pIbpw sNbvXm¬
Rm≥ AØnhr£tØmSv sNbvXXv am{Xa√, \n߃°v sNøphm≥ IgnbpI. Cu
aetbmSv "ChnsS\n∂v \oßn ISen¬ t]mbn ]Xn°pI' F∂v \n߃ ]d™m¬
AXpt]mse kw`hn°pw. \n߃°v hnizmkaps≠¶n¬ {]m¿Y\bn¬ \n߃
tNmZn°p∂sX√mw \n߃°v e`n°pw' (aØmbn: 21:211, 22).
a\pjycpsS am\knI Zu¿_eyßsf NqjWw sNbvXv AØcw tcmKßsf a\x
Xm≥ ]q¿W hnizmknbm imkv{X kao]\ØneqsS t`Zs∏SpØn AXv XßfpsS ZnhyXzØns≥dbpw ]cnip≤m
sW∂v sXfnbn°m\mbn Xva {]tNmZ\Øns≥dbpw ]‰nte°v FgpXnt®¿°p∂ A`n\h At∏mkvXe¿ Ahcp
sS hnizmkZm¿Vyw shfnhm°m\mbn tbip sNbvXXp{]Imcap≈ AXv`pX {]h¿Ø
GsX¶nepsamcp kphn \߃ sNbvXv XßfpsS hnizmkØns≥d Bgw a‰p≈h¿°v t_m[ys∏SpØm≥
tijI≥ Cu AXv`pX ss[cyw ImWn°pIbmWv th≠Xv. At∏mkvXe¿°v tbip \¬Inb t]mse ]cnip
߃ sNøm≥ Xbmdmhp ≤mXva hcØm¬ X߃°pw hocy {]h¿ØnIfpw tcmKim¥nip{iqj°pw A[nImcw
tam? {]tXyIn®pw aq∂ma \¬Inbncn°p∂p F∂Xn\v sXfnhmbn km[mcW Fgp∂≈n°mdp≈ thZhmIyßfn
sem∂mWv am¿t°mkv kphn-tijØnse "hnizkn°p∂hcpsS IqsS Cu ASbmfß
Xmbn ]d™ hnjk¿∏
ƒ ImWs∏Spw Ah¿ Fs≥d \maØn¬ ]nimNp°sf Hgn∏n°pw,- Ah¿ ]pXnb `m
ßsf IønseSp°epw jIƒ kwkmcn°pw,- Ah¿ k¿∏ßsf IønseSp°pw, acWIcambXv Ip-Sn®mepw
\mem-aXmbn ]d™ D{K Ah¿°v tZmjap≠mhpIbn√. Ah¿ tcmKnIfpsS ta¬ ssIsh®m¬ tcmKnIƒ
hnjw IpSn°epw. kpJw {]m]n°pw' (16:17˛18) F∂Xv.- Xm≥ ]q¿W hnizmknbmsW∂v sXfnbn°m\mbn
GsX¶nepsamcp kphntijI≥ Cu AXv`pX߃ sNøm≥ Xbmdmhptam? {]tXy
In®pw aq∂maXmbn ]d™ hnjk¿∏ßsf IønseSp°epw \mem-aXmbn ]d™
D{Khnjw IpSn°epw. AØcw AXv`pX{]h¿-Ø\߃- sNbvX - p-sIm-≠m-Wv- X߃
bYm¿Y {InkvXp`IvXcmsW∂pw ]cnip≤mXvamhn\m-¬ {]tNmZnXcmbmWv Xßfnh
sb√mw {]h¿Øn°p∂sX∂pw ISpØ A\v[hnizmknIsfbpw AtXmsSm∏w s]mXp
P\sØbpw t_m[ys∏SpØm≥- "Icnkvam‰nIv At∏mkvXe¿' Xbmdmth≠Xv.
 A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
(t]-Pv- 32 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ ssZhnI knwlmk\hpw - -...)

°pw AhImian√. A√mlphns\ ®XmWv apkvenwtemIsØ Nn¥m {`wi (24:35).

°pdn®v kqNn∏n®bnSßfn¬ "A√m ߃°v \nanØambXv. "A√mlp˛Ah\√msX ssZhan√.
lphn\v Xpey\mbn BcpwXs∂bn√' A√mlphns\ a\ nem°p∂Xn Fs∂∂pw Pohn®ncn°p∂h≥. F√mw
(122:4) sb∂pw "Ah∂p kZriambn \mbn D≤cn°s∏Smdp≈ {]kn≤amb \nb{¥n°p∂h≥. ab°tam Dd°tam
H∂pw Xs∂bn√' (42:11)sb∂pw ]d™ c≠p Jp¿B≥ kqIvXßfmWv BbXp Ahs\ _m[n°pIbn√. Aht≥dXmWv
Imcy߃ Cu kqIvXØnse ]cma¿ ∂q¿, BbXp¬ Ip¿knøv F∂nh. Bb BImi`qanIfnep≈sX√mw. Ahs≥d
i߃°pw _m[IamWv . A√mlp Xp∂q¿ kqdXp∂qdnse 35˛mw hN\ hpw A\phmZ{]Imca√msX Ahs≥dbSp
hns≥d kØXs∂ \ΩpsS hniZoIc BbXp¬Ip¿knøv kqdXp¬ _Jd °¬ ip]m¿i \SØm\mcp≠v? Ahcp
WØn\v AXoXamb kvYnXn°v Ah bnse 255-˛mw kqIvXhp-amWv. Ah {i≤n sS apºnep≈Xpw Ah¿°v ]n∂nep≈
s≥d apJw, ssI, IÆv, knwlmk\w °pI: Xpw Ah≥ Adnbp∂p. Ahs≥d Adnhn
XpSßnbhsbm∂pwXs∂ \ΩpsS hni ¬\n∂v Ah≥ CNvOn°p∂X√msX
"A√mlp BImißfpsSbpw `qan
ZoIcWØn\v hgßpIbn√t√m. Cu (as‰m∂pw) Ah¿°v kq£vaambn Adn
bpsSbpw {]ImiamIp∂p. Ahs≥d
kqIvXßfnep≈ ]cma¿ißsf a\p bm≥ Ignbn√. Ahs≥d A[nImc]oTw
{]ImiØns≥d D]abnXm: (Npacn¬)
jys≥dtbm a‰p krjvSnIfpsStbm Ah BImi`qanIsf apgph≥ Dƒs°m≈p∂
hnf°psh°phm\p≈ Hcp amSw. AXn¬
bhßfpamtbm I¿aßfpamtbm Xmc XmIp∂p. AhbpsS kwc£Ww Ah\v
Hcp hnf°v. hnf°v Hcp kv^SnIØn\
Xayw sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√. "Ah∂v H´pw `mcap≈X√. Ah≥ D∂X\pw
IØv. kv^SnIw Hcp Pzen°p∂ \£
kZriambn bmsXm∂pans√'∂mWv alm\pat{X' (2:255)
{Xw t]msebncn°p∂p. A\pKrloXam
Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. ssZhnIkØ
b Hcp hr£Øn¬\n∂mWv AXn\v
sb°pdn®v Jp¿B\nepw lZoYnepw
(hnf°n\v) C\v[\w \¬Is∏Sp∂Xv.
h∂ Imcy߃ hniZoIcWtam hym
AXmbXv Ing°p`mKØp≈tXm ]Sn
Jym\tam IqSmsX A∏Sn hnizkn°pI
™mdp `mKØp≈tXm A√mØ Heohp
sb∂XmWv k®cnXcmb ap≥KmanI
hr£Øn¬\n∂v. AXns≥d FÆ XoX
fpsS \ne]mSv. \ΩpsS hIbmbp≈ hni
´nbns√¶n¬t]mepw {]Imin°pamdm
ZoIcWßfpw hymJym\ßfpw \¬Ip
hp∂p. (Aßs\) {]ImiØn\p ta¬
∂Xv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ shfns∏SpØnb
{]Imiw. A√mlp Xs≥d {]ImiØn
Imcy߃ IqSpX¬ Zp¿{KlamIp∂
te°v Xm\pt±in°p∂hsc \bn°p∂p.
Xn\p am{Xta \nanØamIq. kz¥w _p
A√mlp P\߃°p th≠n D]aIƒ
≤nbn¬ bpIvXsa∂v tXm∂nb hymJym
hnhcn®psImSp°p∂p. A√mlp GXv
\߃ \¬In Jp¿B\n¬ ]cnNbs∏
ImcysØ∏‰nbpw Adnhp≈h\t{X'
SpØp∂ A√mlphns\ Adnbm≥ {ian

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NICHE OF TRUTH
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PERINTHALMANNA
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Adn-bn-∏v-
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\n-®v- Hm-^v- {Sq-Øn-s‚ s]cn-¥¬-aÆ tI{µw- ktcm-Pn-\n- satΩm-dn-b¬- kv-Iq-fn-\v- kao-
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]ap-≈ kz-¥w- sI-´n-SØn-te°v- am-dn-b hn-hcw- kkt¥m-jw- Adn-bn-°p-∂p-
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hn-em-kw-:
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NICHE OF TRUTH
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Near Sarojini Memorial School
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Perinthalmanna P.O, Malappuram Dt.- 679 322
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Tel: 04933 - 209367