Scribd
Upload
4K views

DHTML Object Model and Collections

The document discusses using the Dynamic HTML Object Model and scripting to dynamically control elements on web pages. It covers using object referencing to access elements, the all and children collections to enumerate elements, dynamically changing styles and positioning of elements, and using the navigator object. Specific topics covered include object referencing by ID, traversing the element hierarchy with all and children, setting inline and class styles dynamically, and determining the browser with navigator.

Uploaded by

api-3760405
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4K views

DHTML Object Model and Collections

The document discusses using the Dynamic HTML Object Model and scripting to dynamically control elements on web pages. It covers using object referencing to access elements, the all and children collections to enumerate elements, dynamically changing styles and positioning of elements, and using the navigator object. Specific topics covered include object referencing by ID, traversing the element hierarchy with all and children, setting inline and class styles dynamically, and determining the browser with navigator.

Uploaded by

api-3760405
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

Chapter 13 - Dynamic HTML: Object

Model and Collections


Outline
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Object Referencing
13.3 Collections all and children
13.4 Dynamic Styles
13.5 Dynamic Positioning
13.6 Using the frames Collection
13.7 navigator Object
13.8 Summary of the DHTML Object Model

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


Objectives

• In this lesson, you will learn:


– To use the Dynamic HTML Object Model and scripting to
create dynamic Web pages.
– To understand the Dynamic HTML object hierarchy.
– To use the all and children collections to enumerate all
of the XHTML elements of a Web page.
– To use dynamic styles and dynamic positioning.
– To use the frames collection to access objects in a separate
frame on your Web page.
– To use the navigator object to determine which browser is
being used to access your page.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


13.1 Introduction

• Dynamic HTML Object Model


– Allows Web authors to control the presentation of their pages
– Gives them access to all the elements on their pages
• Web page
– Elements, forms, frames, tables
– Represented in an object hierarchy
• Scripting
– Retrieve and modify properties and attributes

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


13.2 Object Referencing

• The simplest way to reference an element is by using the


element’s id attribute.
• The element is represented as an object
– XHTML attributes become properties that can be manipulated by
scripting

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 13.1: reference.html --> reference.html
6 <!-- Object Model Introduction --> (1 of 2)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Object Model</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 function start()
15 {
16 alert( pText.innerText );
17 pText.innerText = "Thanks for coming.";
18 }
19 // -->
20 </script>
21
22 </head>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


23
24 <body onload = "start()"> Outline
25 <p id = "pText">Welcome to our Web page!</p>
26 </body>
27 </html> reference.html
(2 of 2)

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


13.3 Collections all and children

• Collections
– Arrays of related objects on a page
– all
• all the XHTML elements in a document
– children
• Specific element contains that element’s child elements

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig 13.2: all.html --> all.html
6 <!-- Using the all collection --> (1 of 2)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Object Model</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 var elements = "";
15
16 function start()
17 {
18 for ( var loop = 0; loop < document.all.length; ++loop )
19 elements += "<br />" + document.all[ loop ].tagName;
20
21 pText.innerHTML += elements;
22 alert( elements );
23 }
24 // -->

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


25 </script>
26 </head> Outline
27
28 <body onload = "start()">
29 <p id = "pText">Elements on this Web page:</p> all.html
30 </body> (2 of 2)
31 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig 13.3: children.html --> children.html
6 <!-- The children collection --> (1 of 3)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Object Model</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 var elements = "<ul>";
15
16 function child( object )
17 {
18 var loop = 0;
19
20 elements += "<li>" + object.tagName + "<ul>";
21

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


22 for ( loop = 0; loop < object.children.length; loop++ )
23 { Outline
24 if ( object.children[ loop ].children.length )
25 child( object.children[ loop ] );
26 else children.html
27 elements += "<li>" + (2 of 3)
28 object.children[ loop ].tagName +
29 "</li>";
30 }
31
32 elements += "</ul>" + "</li>";
33 }
34 // -->
35 </script>
36 </head>
37

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


38 <body onload = "child( document.all[ 4 ] );
39 myDisplay.outerHTML += elements; Outline
40 myDisplay.outerHTML += ‘</ul>’;">
41
42 <p>Welcome to our <strong>Web</strong> page!</p> children.html
43 (3 of 3)
44 <p id = "myDisplay">
45 Elements on this Web page:
46 </p>
47
48 </body>
49 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
13.4 Dynamic Styles

• Element’s style can be changed dynamically


• Dynamic HTML Object Model also allows you to change
the class attribute

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 13.4: dynamicstyle.html --> dynamicstyle.html
6 <!-- Dynamic Styles --> (1 of 2)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Object Model</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 function start()
15 {
16 var inputColor = prompt(
17 "Enter a color name for the " +
18 "background of this page", "" );
19 document.body.style.backgroundColor = inputColor;
20 }
21 // -->
22 </script>
23 </head>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


24
25 <body onload = "start()"> Outline
26 <p>Welcome to our Web site!</p>
27 </body>
28 </html> dynamicstyle.html
(2 of 2)

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 13.5: dynamicstyle2.html --> dynamicstyle2.html
6 <!-- More Dynamic Styles --> (1 of 2)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Object Model</title>
11
12 <style type = "text/css">
13
14 .bigText { font-size: 3em;
15 font-weight: bold }
16
17 .smallText { font-size: .75em }
18
19 </style>
20

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


21 <script type = "text/javascript">
22 <!-- Outline
23 function start()
24 {
25 var inputClass = prompt( dynamicstyle2.html
26 "Enter a className for the text " + (2 of 2)
27 "(bigText or smallText)", "" );
28 pText.className = inputClass;
29 }
30 // -->
31 </script>
32 </head>
33
34 <body onload = "start()">
35 <p id = "pText">Welcome to our Web site!</p>
36 </body>
37 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
13.5 Dynamic Positioning

• XHTML elements can be positioned with scripting


– Declare an element’s CSS position property to be either absolute
or relative
– Move the element by manipulating any of the top, left, right or
bottom CSS properties

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 13.6: dynamicposition.html --> dynamicposition
6 <!-- Dynamic Positioning --> .html
7 (1 of 3)
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Dynamic Positioning</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 var speed = 5;
15 var count = 10;
16 var direction = 1;
17 var firstLine = "Text growing";
18 var fontStyle = [ "serif", "sans-serif", "monospace" ];
19 var fontStylecount = 0;
20
21 function start()
22 {
23 window.setInterval( "run()", 100 );
24 }
25

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


26 function run()
27 { Outline
28 count += speed;
29
30 if ( ( count % 200 ) == 0 ) { dynamicposition
31 speed *= -1; .html
32 direction = !direction; (2 of 3)
33
34 pText.style.color =
35 ( speed < 0 ) ? "red" : "blue" ;
36 firstLine =
37 ( speed < 0 ) ? "Text shrinking" : "Text growing";
38 pText.style.fontFamily =
39 fontStyle[ ++fontStylecount % 3 ];
40 }
41
42 pText.style.fontSize = count / 3;
43 pText.style.left = count;
44 pText.innerHTML = firstLine + "<br /> Font size: " +
45 count + "px";
46 }
47 // -->
48 </script>
49 </head>
50

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


51 <body onload = "start()">
52 <p id = "pText" style = "position: absolute; left: 0; Outline
53 font-family: serif; color: blue">
54 Welcome!</p>
55 </body> dynamicposition
56 </html> .html
(3 of 3)

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
13.6 Using the frames Collection

• Referencing elements and objects in different frames by


using the frames collection

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 13.7: index.html --> index.html
6 <!-- Using the frames collection --> (1 of 1)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Frames collection</title>
11 </head>
12
13 <frameset rows = "100, *">
14 <frame src = "top.html" name = "upper" />
15 <frame src = "" name = "lower" />
16 </frameset>
17
18 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 13.8: top.html --> top.html
6 <!-- Cross-frame scripting --> (1 of 2)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>The frames collection</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 function start()
15 {
16 var text = prompt( "What is your name?", "" );
17 parent.frames( "lower" ).document.write(
18 "<h1>Hello, " + text + "</h1>" );
19 }
20 // -->
21 </script>
22 </head>
23

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


24 <body onload = "start()">
25 <h1>Cross-frame scripting!</h1> Outline
26 </body>
27 </html>
top.html
(2 of 2)

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
13.7 navigator Object

• Netscape, Mozilla, Microsoft’s Internet Explorer


– Others as well
• Contains information about the Web browser
• Allows Web authors to determine what browser the user is
using

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig 13.9: navigator.html --> navigator.html
6 <!-- Using the navigator object --> (1 of 2)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>The navigator Object</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 function start()
15 {
16 if (navigator.appName=="Microsoft Internet Explorer")
17 {
18 if ( navigator.appVersion.substring( 1, 0 ) >= "4" )
19 document.location = "newIEversion.html";
20 else
21 document.location = "oldIEversion.html";
22 }
23 else
24 document.location = "NSversion.html";
25 }

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


26 // -->
27 </script> Outline
28 </head>
29
30 <body onload = "start()"> navigator.html
31 <p>Redirecting your browser to the appropriate page, (2 of 2)
32 please wait...</p>
33 </body>
34 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


13.8 Summary of the DHTML Object Model
window

document all

frames document anchors

history document applets

navigator body
plugins
location embeds

event filters

screen forms

images

Key links

object plugins

collection scripts

styleSheets

Fig. 13.10 DHTML Object Model.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


13.8 Summary of the DHTML Object Model
Object or collection Description
Objects 
window Represents the browser window and provides access to the document object contained
in the window. If the window contains frames a separate window object is created
automatically for each frame, to provide access to the document rendered in the frame.
Frames are considered to be subwindows in the browser.
document Represents the XHTML document rendered in a window. The document object
provides access to every element in the XHTML document and allows dynamic
modification of the XHTML document.
body Provides access to the body element of an XHTML document.
history Keeps track of the sites visited by the browser user. The object provides a script
programmer with the ability to move forward and backward through the visited sites, but
for security reasons does not allow the actual site URLs to be manipulated.
navigator Contains information about the Web browser, such as the name of the browser, the
version of the browser, the operating system on which the browser is running and other
information that can help a script writer customize the user’s browsing experience.
location Contains the URL of the rendered document. When this object is set to a new URL, the
browser immediately switches (navigates) to the new location.
event Can be used in an event handler to obtain information about the event that occurred (e.g.,
the mouse x-y coordinates during a mouse event).
screen Contains information about the computer screen for the computer on which the browser
is running. Information such as the width and height of the screen in pixels can be used to
determine the size at which elements should be rendered in a Web page.
Fig. 13.11 Objects in the Internet Explorer 6 Object Model.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


13.8 Summary of the DHTML Object Model
Object or collection Description
Collections 
all Many objects have an all collection that provides access to every element contained in
the object. For example, the body object’s all collection provides access to every
element in the body element of an XHTML document.
anchors Collection contains all the anchor elements (a) that have a name or id attribute. The
elements appear in the collection in the order they were defined in the XHTML
document.
applets Contains all the applet elements in the XHTML document. Currently, the most
common applet elements are Java applets.
embeds Contains all the embed elements in the XHTML document.
forms Contains all the form elements in the XHTML document. The elements appear in the
collection in the order they were defined in the XHTML document.
frames Contains window objects that represent each frame in the browser window. Each frame
is treated as its own subwindow.
images Contains all the img elements in the XHTML document. The elements appear in the
collection in the order they were defined in the XHTML document.
links Contains all the anchor elements (a) with an href property. This collection also
contains all the area elements that represent links in an image map.
Fig. 13.11 Objects in the Internet Explorer 6 Object Model.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


13.8 Summary of the DHTML Object Model
Object or collection Description
plugins Like the embeds collection, this collection contains all the embed elements in the
XHTML document.
scripts Contains all the script elements in the XHTML document.

styleSheets Contains styleSheet objects that represent each style element in the XHTML
document and each style sheet included in the XHTML document via link.
Fig. 13.11 Objects in the Internet Explorer 6 Object Model.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

You might also like