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Cell Structure and Function

The document summarizes key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It outlines the basic components of all cells, including the plasma membrane, genetic material in the form of DNA, and cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles and are typically smaller, while eukaryotic cells include plants, animals, fungi and protists with a membrane-bound nucleus and specialized organelles. The document also briefly discusses Robert Hooke's discovery and naming of cells under the microscope.

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51 views3 pages

Cell Structure and Function

The document summarizes key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It outlines the basic components of all cells, including the plasma membrane, genetic material in the form of DNA, and cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles and are typically smaller, while eukaryotic cells include plants, animals, fungi and protists with a membrane-bound nucleus and specialized organelles. The document also briefly discusses Robert Hooke's discovery and naming of cells under the microscope.

Uploaded by

wustawerrin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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all differs from eubacteria Robert Hooke-First extreme habitats

s derived from ancient colonization of large bacteria (became the eucaryotic cell) by smaller bacteria (became the mitochondria, chloroplast, e iverse shapes Chapter 4 nimal cell perform specific functions ecialized towith organelles Cell Structure and Function

bacteria

person to see cells, he coined the term "cell" for the great many boxes he saw under the microscope The Cell Theory 1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells 2. Cells are the functional unit of multicellular organisms 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells Cell Size atoms --> DNA --> virus --> bacteria -->mitochondria--> Eukaryotic cells Cells must remain small in size due to the ratio of surface area and volume As the cell increases in size, its surface area becomes too small to support its internal structures. Oxygen and other important substances cannot diffuse fast enough. Cells that get too large, may divide. All Cells Have Three Basic Features: Cell Membrane, Genetic Material, Cytoplasm Plasma Membrane (aka Cell Membrane) 1. Isolates cytoplasm from external environment 2. regulates flow or material into and out of the cell 3. allows interaction with other cells Genetic Material 1. provides cellular "blueprint" that controls the functions of the cell 2. In the form of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) 3. DNA is universal for all cells, an all living things - evidence of common ancestry 4. Chromatin is the complex of proteins and DNA, it condenses into chromosomes before cell division Cytoplasm (aka cyosol) 1. inside plasma membrane 2. contains water, salts, and other chemicals 3. organelles float within this jelly-like substance Prokaryote vs Eukaryote Cells Prokaryotes no membrane bound nucleus, chromosomes grouped together in an area called the "nucleoid" no membrane bound organelles smaller than eukaryotes have cell wall and cell membrane, some have a capsule on the outside ribosomes make protein consist of bacteria and archaebacteria

Appendages include: fimbriae, pili, flagella

Eukaryotes

has a membrane bound nucleus has membrane bound organelles in cytoplasm Organelles perform specific functions much larger than prokaryotes

animals, plants, fungi, protists

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