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Review of Last Lecture: Distributed and Lumped Parameters ABCD Parameters Transmission Line Model

The document discusses transmission line models used in power systems. It describes lumped and distributed parameter models and the ABCD parameters used to represent transmission lines. Short lines are modeled using lumped parameters while longer lines require distributed models. Medium lines can be represented using nominal pi or T models. Very long lines are modeled using a distributed parameter model that involves solving differential equations for the line parameters.

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134 views

Review of Last Lecture: Distributed and Lumped Parameters ABCD Parameters Transmission Line Model

The document discusses transmission line models used in power systems. It describes lumped and distributed parameter models and the ABCD parameters used to represent transmission lines. Short lines are modeled using lumped parameters while longer lines require distributed models. Medium lines can be represented using nominal pi or T models. Very long lines are modeled using a distributed parameter model that involves solving differential equations for the line parameters.

Uploaded by

nnvpratap
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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http://nptel.iitm.ac.

in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Review of Last Lecture

Distributed and lumped parameters

ABCD parameters

Transmission line model

Short transmission line

Medium transmission line

Long transmission line


http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Distributed and Lumped Parameter
Models
Transmission line with
uniformly distributed line
parameters (R, L, C, G)
Small section x
I(x)
z x
y x
V(x) V(x+
x)
I(x+
x)
V
s
I
s
V
r
I
r

z = Series impedance /unit


length/phase

y = Shunt admittance / unit


length/phase

l = Length of transmission line

Z = Total series impedance/


phase

Y = Total shunt impedance/


phase
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Transmission Line Models

Short line : Length less than 80 km.

Shunt admittance is neglected

Lumped parameter model

Medium line: Length between 80 km to 250 km.

Shunt admittance needs to be considered

Lumped parameter model

Nominal model

Nominal T model

Long line: Length longer than 250 km.

Distributed parameter model

Shunt admittance effect is important

Equivalent or T equivalent can be derived


http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Short Transmission Line
1
]
1

1
]
1

1
]
1

R
R
S
S
I
V Z
I
V
1 0
1
Matrix Format
A=1, B=Z, C=0, D=1
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Medium Line: Nominal
Representation
Therefore A, B, C, D parameters
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Medium Line: Nominal T
Representation
I
M
Therefore A, B, C, D parameters
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Long Line Model
x 0
x 0
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Long Line Model
And
Again differentiating with respect to x
Solution of the
differential Eqn.
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Long Line Model
Differentiating with respect to x
We know that
Therefore
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system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Long Line Model
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Long Line Model
At x = 0. V = V
R
and I = I
R

And
Solving for A
1
and A
2
x
R C R
x
R C R
x
R C R
x
R C R
e
I Z V
e
I Z V
I e
I Z V
e
I Z V
V

+
+

2 2
and
2 2
Substituting back
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Long Line Model
R
l l
R
l l
C
S
R
l l
C R
l l
S
I
e e
V
e e
Z
I
I
e e
Z V
e e
V

,
_

+
+

,
_

,
_

,
_



2 2
1
2 2


We are interested in terminal conditions: x = l we have V = V
s

and I = I
S

Rearranging the terms of V
R
and I
R
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Long Line Model
R
l l
R
l l
C
S
R
l l
C R
l l
S
I
e e
V
e e
Z
I
I
e e
Z V
e e
V

,
_

+
+

,
_

,
_

,
_



2 2
1
2 2


( ) ( )
( ) ( )
R R
C
S
R C R S
I l V l
Z
I
I l Z V l V


cosh sinh
1
sinh cosh
+
+
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
ABCD Parameters of Long Transmission
Line
( ) ( )
( )
( )
R R
C
S
R C R S
I l V
Z
l
I
I l Z V l V


cosh
sinh
sinh cosh
+
+
The ABCD parameters of the long transmission line
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Method to Evaluate Hyperbolic
Functions of Complex Number
1
2
3
) sin( ) cosh( ) cos( ) sinh( ) sinh(
) sin( ) sinh( ) cos( ) cosh( ) cosh(
l l j l l l j l
l l j l l l j l


+ +
+ +
l j l l +
( )
( )

,
_

+ + + +

,
_

+ + + +
6
1 ....
! 5 ! 3
sinh
2
1 ....
! 2 ! 2
1 cosh
5 5 3 3
4 4 2 2
YZ
YZ
l l
l l
YZ l l
l


( )
( ) l e l e
e e e e
l j l
l e l e
e e e e
l j l
l l
l j l l j l
l l
l j l l j l






+
+
+
+


2
1
2
) sinh(
2
1
2
) cosh(
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Equivalent Representation of Long
Transmission Line
Comparing the ABCD
parameters compute Z
and Y/2
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Equivalent Representation of Long
Transmission Line
Compare
R e
Rearranging for Y/2
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Equivalent Representation of Long
Transmission Line
Length
(km)
Lumped Parameters Distributed Parameters
Z() Y(mho) Z() Y(mho)
100 52.41 < 79
o
3.17 X 10
-4
< 90
o
52.27 < 79
o
3.17 X 10
-4
< 89.98
o
250 131.032 < 79
o
7.93 X 10
-4
< 90
o
128.81 < 79.2
o
8.0 X 10
-4
< 89.9
o
500 262.064 < 79
o
1.58 X 10
-3
< 90
o
244.61 < 79.8
o
1.64 X 10
-3
< 89.6
o
For impedance (z) = 0.1 + j 0.51 /km and admittance (y) = j 3.17 x 10
-6
mho/km
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Ferranti Effect

In long transmission lines and cables, receiving end


voltage becomes greater than sending end during no-load
or light load conditions. This effect is known as Ferranti
effect .

This occurs due to high charging current.

Thus V
R
will be always greater than zero (during no load).

Actual value depends on L, C and l.


( ) ( )
( )
( ) l
V
V
V l V I
I l Z V l V
S
R
R S R
R C R S


cosh
Therefore
cosh 0
sinh cosh


+
http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/power-
system/ui/Course_home-2.htm
Lossless Transmission Line
In loss less line, resistance is assumed to be zero
( ) ( )
R C R x
I x Z V x V sinh cosh +
x j x x j x x
C
L
C j
L j
Z R
C j
L j R
Z
C
C

+

+

0
( ) ( )
R C R x
I x jZ V x V sin cos +
) sin( ) cosh(
) cos( ) sinh( ) sinh(
) sin( ) sinh(
) cos( ) cosh( ) cosh(
l l j
l l l j l
l l j
l l l j l




+
+
+
+

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