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Template Programs

This document discusses class templates in C++. It provides examples of container classes that nest other classes, the need for class templates to avoid redefining classes, template classes that parameterize the data type, class templates with multiple type parameters, function templates, member function templates, and non-type templates where the size of an array can be specified as a template parameter known at compile time. The examples demonstrate how templates generalize classes and functions in C++ to work with different data types.

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58 views

Template Programs

This document discusses class templates in C++. It provides examples of container classes that nest other classes, the need for class templates to avoid redefining classes, template classes that parameterize the data type, class templates with multiple type parameters, function templates, member function templates, and non-type templates where the size of an array can be specified as a template parameter known at compile time. The examples demonstrate how templates generalize classes and functions in C++ to work with different data types.

Uploaded by

api-3741719
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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19.

Container Classes ( Nesting of Classes)


class one{ public: void display(void) { cout<<"Class A"<<endl; } };
class two{ public: void display(void) { cout<<"Class B"<<endl; } };
class three
{
one obj1;
two obj2;
public:
void display(void)
{
obj1.display();
obj2.display();
cout<<"Class C"<<endl;
}
};
int main() { three obj3;obj3.display(); return(0); }

20. Need for Class Template


const size=3;
class array
{
int *p;
public:
array()
{
p=new int[size];
for(int i=0;i<size;i++) { p[i]=0; }
}
array(int *a)
{
p=new int[size];
for(int i=0;i<size;i++) p[i]=a[i];
}
int operator +(array &b)
{
int sum=0;
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
sum+=this->p[i]+b.p[i];
return(sum);
}
void display(void) { for(int i=0;i<size;i++) cout<<"\t"<<p[i]; }
};
int main()
{
int x[size]={2,4,6};
int y[size]={1,3,5};

1
array a1;
array a2;
a1.display();
a2.display();
a1=x;
a2=y;
a1.display();
a2.display();
int r=a1+a2;
cout<<"r="<<r<<endl;
return(0);
}
/* If we want to define an array that can store an array of float values, we can do this by
simply replacing the appropriate int declarations with float in array class. We have to
redefine the entire class all over again. */
/* The above problem i.e. redefinition of class can be avoided by defining a class with the
data type as parameter and then use this class to create an array of any data type. The
template mechanism enables us to achieve this goal.*/

21. Template Class


const size=3;
template<class T>
class array
{
T *p;
public:
array()
{
p=new T [size];
for(T i=0;i<size;i++) { p[i]=0; }
}
array(T *a)
{
p=new T[size];
for(T i=0;i<size;i++)
p[i]=a[i];
}
T operator +(array &b)
{
T sum=0;
for(T i=0;i<size;i++)
sum+=this->p[i]+b.p[i];
return(sum);
}
void display(void) { for(T i=0;i<size;i++) cout<<"\t"<<p[i]; }
};

2
int main()
{
int x[size]={2,4,6};
float y[size]={1.5,3.4,5.2};
array <int> a1;
array <float> a2;
a1.display();
cout<<"\n";
a2.display();
cout<<"\n";
a1=x;
a2=y;
a1.display();
cout<<"\n";
a2.display();
cout<<"\n";
return(0);
}
22. Class Template with multiple parameters
template<class T1,class T2>
class sample
{
T1 a;
T2 b;
public:
sample(T1 x, T2 y) { a=x; b=y; }
void display(void) { cout<<"a="<<a<<"b="<<b; }
};
int main()
{
sample <float,int> s1(1.23,123);
sample <int,char> s2(10,'a');
s1.display();
cout<<"\n";
s2.display();
cout<<"\n";
return(0);
}
23.Function Template
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
template<class T>
void swap(T &x,T &y)
{
T temp=x;

3
x=y;
y=temp;
}
void fun(int m,int n,float x,float y)
{
cout<<"m and n before swap"<<m<<" "<<n<<"\n";
swap(m,n);
cout<<"m and n after swap"<<m<<" "<<n<<"\n";
cout<<"x and y before swap"<<x<<" "<<y<<"\n";
swap(x,y);
cout<<"x and y after swap"<<x<<" "<<y<<"\n";
}
int main()
{
clrscr();
fun(10,20,2.5,3.4);
return(0);
}
24. Function Templates with multiple parameters
template<class T1,class T2>
void display(T1 x,T2 y) { cout<<"x ="<<x<<"y= "<<y<<"\n"; }
int main()
{
clrscr();
display(20,2.5);
display(20,"abc");
return(0);
}

25. Member function Templates


const size=3;
template<class T>
class array
{
T *p;
public:
array();
array(T *a);
void display(void);
};
template<class T>
array <T>:: array()
{
p=new T[size];
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
{

4
p[i]=0;
}
}
template<class T>
array <T> ::array(T *a)
{
p=new T[size];
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
p[i]=a[i];
}
template <class T>
void array <T>::display(void)
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
cout<<"\t"<<p[i];
}
int main()
{
int x[size]={2,4,6};
float y[size]={1,3,5};
clrscr();
array <int> a1;
array <float> a2;
a1.display();
cout<<"\n";
a2.display();
cout<<"\n";
a1=x;
a2=y;
a1.display();
cout<<"\n";
a2.display();
return(0);
}
26. Non –Type Templates

template<class T,int size>


class array
{
T a[size];
public:
array();
void display(void);
};
template<class T,int size>
array <T,size>:: array()

5
{
cout<<"Constructor Called \n";
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
{
cout<<"Enter "<<i<<"Value"; cin>>a[i];
}
}
template <class T,int size>
void array <T,size>::display(void)
{
for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
cout<<"\t"<<a[i];
}

int main()
{
clrscr();
array <int,5> a1; // array of 5 integers
a1.display();
cout<<"\n\n";
array <float,5> a2; // array of 5 floats.
a2.display();
cout<<"\n\n";
array<char,10> a3;
a3.display();
cout<<"\n\n";
return(0);
}

/* In addition to the type argument T, we can also use other arguments such as strings,
function names, constant expressions and built-in types. Size parameter specify the size
of array and is known to compiler at the compile time it self. */

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