LxL8lMLn1 # 11

8LSlS1C8 CCM8ln1lCnS SL8lLS Anu A8ALLLL

krupa uar[l
03/23/2011
P?S 104302
Lab arLners LsLer
Poang Ann 1ran
8lcky


C8!LC1lvL
O 1o ldenLlfy physlcal prlnclples regardlng volLage currenL for each reslsLor
O 1o explaln physlcal prlnclples of a pracLlcal slLuaLlon eg does Lhe currenL
Lhrough Lhe baLLery lncreases or decrease as more reslsLors are added ln
serles
O 1o ldenLlfy Lhe Lype of clrculL lllusLraLed for a glven hookup
O 1o dlscuss Lhe advanLages and dlsadvanLages for serles and parallel
comblnaLlon
O 1o use Lhe equaLlon for solvlng Lhe LoLal reslsLance when connecLed ln
dlfferenL comblnaLlon
MA1L8lALS
O 8aLLery or power supply
O uC AmmeLer
O uC volLmeLer
O 1hree reslsLors of dlfferenL value
O ulglLal MulLlmeLer(uMM)
O Slngle pole slngle Lhrow swlLch
O ConnecLlng wlres wlLh alllgaLor cllps
O varlable reslsLor box
Cl8Cul1S Anu lC8MuLAS
8LSlS1C8'S vALuL 8147 U 8268 U 83100 U




8CCLuu8L
O Lxamlne four reslsLors and flnd ouL value of each uslng color code
ueslgnaLe Lhe smallesL reslsLance as 8
1
and consecuLlvely larger values as
8
2
8
3

O 8eslsLors ln Serles ConnecL Lhe reslsLors ln serles as shown ln clrculL
above CalculaLe Lhe LoLal reslsLance volLage drop aL each reslsLor and
currenL now place Lhe ammeLer ln serles Lo noLe down Lhe currenL ln LoLal
and movlng Lo each reslsLor buL keeplng lL aLLached ln serles all Lhe Llme
noLe down volLage across each reslsLor by connecLlng volLmeLer ln parallel
O Compare Lhe experlmenLally measured values wlLh Lhe LheoreLlcally
compuLed values by flndlng Lhe percenL error for Serles connecLlon
O 8eslsLors ln arallel ConnecL Lhe reslsLors as shown ln ClrculL above
CalculaLe Lhe LoLal reslsLance volLage and currenL aL each reslsLor now
place Lhe ammeLer ln serles Lo noLe down Lhe currenL ln LoLal and aL each
reslsLor buL keeplng lL aLLached ln serles all Lhe Llme noLe down Lhe
volLage across each reslsLor by connecLlng volLmeLer ln parallel
O Compare Lhe experlmenLally measured values wlLh Lhe LheoreLlcally
compuLed values by flndlng Lhe percenL error for arallel connecLlon
O 8eslsLors ln Serles arallel ConnecL Lhe clrculL as shown ln flgure above
CalculaLe Lhe LoLal reslsLance volLage and currenL aL each reslsLor WlLh Lhe
volLmeLer and ammeLer measure and record Lhe calculaLed quanLlLles
O Compare Lhe experlmenLally measured values wlLh Lhe LheoreLlcally
compuLed values by flndlng Lhe percenL error for Serlesarallel connecLlon

uA1A Anu C8SL8vA1lCnS

1able#1 (1oLal reslsLance ln serles 8
1
213U)

Serles
connecLlon
volLage drops
across reslsLors
CurrenL l
v1 v2 v3
1heoreLlcal 638v 932v 14v 014A
LxperlmenLal

620v 940v 13v 013A
LhroughouL
Lhe clrculL
Lrror 37 13 7 7

1able #2 (1oLal reslsLance ln parallel 8
1
2173 )
arallel
connecLlon
CurrenL across
Lhe reslsLors l
volLage v
l1 l2 l3
1heoreLlcal 064
A
044
A
030
A
3 v
LxperlmenLal

030
A
033
A
023
A
27v
LhroughouL
Lhe clrculL
Lrror 20 20 16 10

1able #3 (1oLal reslsLance ln serlesparallel 8
1
873U)
Serles arallel
connecLlon
volLage drops
across clrculL
CurrenL l across Lhe
clrculL
v1 v2 v3 ll1 l2 l3
1heoreLlcal 16 14 14 034 044 030
LxperlmenLal

147 132 132 030 037 023
Lrror 8 37 37 117 139 23

CALCuLA1lCnS













8LSuL1S Anu ulSCuSSlCn
O uslng Lhe color codes Lhe values of reslsLors were 8147 U 8268 U
83100 U
O 1heoreLlcal values and experlmenLal values are documenLed and Lhere ls an
average of 10 error found
O 1he error ls malnly due Lo senslLlvlLy of ammeLer and volLmeLer As Lhey
loses some currenL when we record Lhrough LhaL
O 1he clrculLs for dlfferenL connecLlon of reslsLors glves dlfferenL values
Lhrough dlfferenL equaLlons and Lhus helps ln flndlng Lhe reslsLance and
knowlng Lhe advanLages and dlsadvanLages of lL

CuLS1lCnS AnSWL8S
1he sources of errordefecLlve ammeLer or volLmeLer bad connecLlng wlres
and flucLuaLlon of polnLer ln ammeLer and volLmeLer
(a) lf 82 burned ouL ln Lhe clrculL ln parL A Lhen oLher bulbs le 81 and 83
would also burn ouL because ln serles connecLlon currenL ls flowlng from one Lo
anoLher buL same amounL so bulbs wlll burn ouL
(b) lf 81 burned ouL ln Lhe clrculL ln parL 8 Lhen oLher bulbs le 82 and 83 would
be sLlll worklng and brlghLness wlll lncrease as Lhe currenL flowlng Lhrough 81 ls
now dlvlded Lo 82 and 83
(c) lf 81 and 83 burns ouL ln clrculL 8 82 would be brlghLer Lhan before because all
currenL now flow Lhrough lL
(d) lf 83 burned ouL ln clrculL ln parL C Lhen 81 would be of same brlghLness as
before and 82 wlll become brlghLer Lhan before and equal Lo brlghLness of 81
(e) lf 83 and 81 burned ouL ln clrculL ln parL C Lhen 82 wlll also burn ouL because
lL ls connecLed ln serles wlLh 81
Pere 84 would be of greaLer value Lhan 82 so when connecLed ln parallel
wlLh 81 and 83 value of LoLal reslsLance lncreases buL Lhe currenL Lhrough81 and
83 remalns same buL Lhe LoLal currenL Lhrough Lhe clrculL decreases