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Kapampangan Dialects

This document summarizes a study on the Calaguiman and Mabatang dialects of Kapampangan spoken in Abucay and Samal, Pampanga. The study found that these dialects retain final diphthongs, unlike standard Kapampangan. They also show phonological features like glottal stop insertion and vowel lowering. Morphologically, Calaguiman and Mabatang use Tagalog affixes. Lexically, the dialects differ from standard Kapampangan by 39% based on a questionnaire, and differ internally between Calaguiman and Mabatang by 38%. The study aims to explain the development and differences of these distinct Kapampangan dialects.

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6K views29 pages

Kapampangan Dialects

This document summarizes a study on the Calaguiman and Mabatang dialects of Kapampangan spoken in Abucay and Samal, Pampanga. The study found that these dialects retain final diphthongs, unlike standard Kapampangan. They also show phonological features like glottal stop insertion and vowel lowering. Morphologically, Calaguiman and Mabatang use Tagalog affixes. Lexically, the dialects differ from standard Kapampangan by 39% based on a questionnaire, and differ internally between Calaguiman and Mabatang by 38%. The study aims to explain the development and differences of these distinct Kapampangan dialects.

Uploaded by

api-3732946
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a seq uel to the dial ect stu dy of

ka pamp an gan (1984 )


THE CALAGUIMAN AND MABATANG KAPAMPANGAN

by Anicia Del Corro, PhD


introduction
• This research study is a sequel to the dialect study
of Kapampangan done in 1983-84.
• The highlights of the project are:
– Classification of Kapampangan dialects
– Description of the linguistic features that make
each dialect distinct
– The discovery of the Calaguiman and Mabatang
dialect
retained diphthongs
• Kapampangan regularly change the final diphthong of Tagalog
or Sebuano into a monophthong:
KAP TAG KAP SEB
sukle suklay bale balay
sabo sabaw sige sigay
pane panay silo silaw
retained diphthongs
• In Calaguiman and Mabatang (CM-Kap) however, diphthongs
are consistently retained both in word-medial and word-final
positions.
• 1732 dictionary of Diego Bergano and other dictionaries:
1732 Bergano acay, albay
----- Tag-Engl dictionary bancay, altao, bante, abe
1874 Dimalanta albe
1875 Brabo aldo
retained diphthongs
• Modern Kapampangan (SF-Kap) has no word-final diphthong.
goals of the study
• To present a theory explaining the development of CM-Kap
dialects
• To present a grammatical analysis of either Calaguiman of
Mabatang Kapampangan
• To compare the grammatical and lexical differences
– Between Calaguiman and Mabatang Kapampangan
– Then with SF-Kap and CM-Kap
• To check whether CM-Kap or a similar dialect is spoken in
other towns neighboring Samal and Abucay
• To prove or disprove the hypothesis of borrowing of
diphthongs in CM-Kap
calaguiman-mabatang
kapampangan
historical background
The Abucay Massacre
• At least 150 Pampango soldiers were tasked to defend the
Church against Dutch invasion in 1647.
• The Pampangos were defeated but upon the arrival of
reinforcements, the Dutch were repulsed.
historical background
The Samal Massacre
• Upon the surrender of the Katipuneros and voluntarios in the
fight over Samal, a Pampango voluntario killed a Katipunero
according to accounts. This incident started the butchering of
the prisoners.
• This attests to Spaniards hiring people from Kapampangan
speaking towns.
historical background
Abucay as center of commerce
• 1587, Abucay became center of missionary activities.
• The first printing press in the Philippines was in Abucay.
• The route of ships increased movement of Kapampangan
speakers to the area.
geography
distinctions
Psychological
• CM-Kap speakers generally regard their dialect as samutan or
haluan, and SF-Kap as the ‘genuine’ or ‘real’ Kapampangan.

Linguistic Features
Phonol ogic al L eve l
phonological level
Pro-Tagalog Features
• Diphthongization
SF-Kap CM-Kap
salol pants salawal
marok bad marawak
balen town balayan
papaten killing papatayan
ken there kayan
manugse to throw magugsay
manos to wash manwas
phonological level
• Portmanteau Pronouns
ku + ya > kuya ‘my + it’
> kuay metathesis
> kue monophthongization
>ke vowel coalescence
• mu and na + ya undergo the same process.
phonological level
• Classification of CM-Kap pronouns under diphthongization
SF-Kap CM-Kap
ke ku ‘my’ + ya ‘she or it’ kwa
me mu ‘your’ + ya ‘she or it’ mwa
ne na ‘his’ + ya ‘she or it’ nya, naya
phonological level
• Glottal stop Insertion: transitional glide substitution
SF-Kap CM-Kap
mayalikabuk dusty maalikabuk
malulam, maulap cloudy maulap
manasan to fish magasan
batwin star bituin
maimpis thin maimpis
phonological level
• Glottal stop Insertion: voiceless consonant substitution
SF-Kap CM-Kap
busbus hole bubus
sipsipan to sip sisipan
kuskus wipe kukus
kinaskas rubbed kinakas
atlu three alu
atbu sugarcane abu
matbud not durable mabud
phonological level
• Vowel Lowering

SF-Kap CM-Kap
mu your mo
tatakut afraid tatakot
pusu heart puso
kabayu horse kabayo
sanduk laddle sandok
upu gourd upo
phonological level
• [ ] and [a]
SF-Kap CM-Kap
bituk intestines bituka
asaw spouse asawa
lup face lupa
byas smart byasa
ik you ika
phonological level
• Addition of /h/

SF-Kap CM-Kap
tawul, kaung kahul
tindaan tindahan
salawaan salawahan
phonological level
Retention of CV Syllable Pattern
• Insertion of full glide between vowels
SF-Kap CM-Kap
ta u man tawu
pa u turtle pawu
mayli smiling mayili
bina u smelled binawu
kayli left handed kayili
phonological level
• Vowel Coalescence
SF-Kap CM-Kap
ya+itang pron+demo yetang
ya+ining pron+demo yening
ya+ing/ining pron+demo yening
ya+ing pron+art yetang
ya+ing pron+art yetang/yeng
phonological level
• Loss of Initial Vowel /i/

SF-Kap CM-Kap
ibye me ini kaya ibyay me ni kaya
sipsipan me ini sisipan me ni
ayta itang gubat tayu tang gubat
Mor pho log ica l
Le vel
morphological level
• Usage of Tagalog affixes in CM-Kap

SF-Kap CM-Kap
a neng kalutu napakaluto
makaramdam maramdam

maputi puti
mabilug bilug

mangasyas kumasyas
Le xica l L ev el
lexical differences
• From the inventory of lexicon used in the questionnaire, CM-
Kap showed 39% difference from SF-Kap.
• From the 81 unique items to CM-Kap, 59% were similar for
Calaguiman and Mabatang. 38% of items shows difference
between Calaguiman and Mabatang.
co nc lu sion

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