SYSTEM SPECIFICATION / DETAILS OF SPV POWER PLANT KAVARATTI

a) b) c) LOAD LOCATION PV ARRAY : : : To cater to the local load Kavaratti island, Lakshadweep 100 KWp

PV MODULE: Type Peak Power Rating Short Circuit Current Open Circuit Voltage Dimensions Weight : : : : : : L1270 70 Wp 4.6A 21.OV 1208 x 528 x 38 mm 8.0 Kg (Typ)

PV ARRAY CAPACITY: Total No. of PV modules Peak Power Rating No. of modules in series/string No. of parallel string d) : : : : 1440 100 20 72 Nos. KWp Nos. Nos.

MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE: Type Overall dimensions No. of structures No. of PV modules/structure : Made out of GI pipes & hot dip Galvanized members & Stainless Steel hardwares (SS-304) : 5400 x 2400 mm : 72 Nos. : 20

e)

PANEL JUNCTION BOXES: Type Overall dimensions Protection No. of Panel junction box No. of Parallel strings/box : : : : : Made out of polycarbonate Material 400 x 300 mm IP55 12 Nos. 6 Nos.

f)

ARRAY JUNCTION BOX Type Overall dimensions No. of Array junction box No. of parallel strings/box : : : : Made out of polycarbonate material 400 x 300 mm 4 Nos. 3 Nos.

g)

SERIES JUNCTION BOX : 74 Nos. with blocking diode & made out of polycarbonate material. Dimension (in mm) : 139 x 119

h)

POWER CONDITIONING UNIT Dimensions (in mm) Enclosure protection : : 1200 L x 800 B x 1600 H IP20

ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Rating Input voltage : : 50 KVA 212.3V to 440 V DC(300 V Operating)

Output voltage

Nominally 230 V AC, 50 Hz, grid Tracking From 0 to full load 1.0% at any Power factor from minimum to maximum DC voltage 1.0%

Output voltage regulation

Peak output current

: Up to 150% of nominal power for 10 seconds. : Sine wave, less than 5% total harmonic distortion from 0% to 100% load, 0.8 pf leading or lagging, with less than 3% in any one harmonic. 92% at 50% of rated output reducing down to 91% at 100% rated output.

Output wave shape

Efficiency at 30o C ambient

Isolation to ground from Output Isolation between input and Output

: Exceeds 1 kV with protection MOVs and HF bypass removed. : Exceeds 1 kV

ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATION: Ambient temperature range Ambient humidity range : 0-50o Celcius : 80% within temperature range

PROTECTION SPECIFICATION: Overload conditions : Control System Automatic Shutdown/ Reset for overload exceeding 1.5 times nominal maximum current per phase during 10 seconds.

Short circuit protection

: Circuit breaker and electronic protection is used, over temperature protection is used. : Automatic/ reset shutdown when 10% nominal voltage exceeded. : Protection by electronic means, protected against emission of radio Frequency noise.

Low/High voltage output Protection Power electronic components protection

METERING SPECIFICATIONS: Liquid Crystal Display : 1. Instantaneous inverter/ system kW, Voltage, pf, frequency. 2. Grid on line status 3. Solar current 4. Inverter kWh summation 5. Grid kWh summation 6. System fault status 7. Optional system logging

MECHANICAL SPECIFICATION: Cooling : Temperature controlled, fan forced Cooling. Enclosure construction : Powder coated metal construction Mounting requirements : Floor mounting All circuit board are protected against humidity, fungus and dust.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The following are the major components of the PV system for 100 KWp grid connected power plant: 1.1 1.2 Photovoltatic array AC distribution box - 1 No.

1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

DC distribution box - 1 No. 50 KVA Power conditioning unit 2 Nos. Power transformer Data logger

PV ARRAY The PV array comprises PV modules, mounting structures, junction boxes and cabling. PV MODULES 100 kWp PV array consists of 1440 Nos. of PV modules, would generate 100 kWp DC power for about 5 hours of peak sunshine periods each day. Each PV module is rated for 70 watt peak. The 100 kWp PV arrany consists of 20 Modules in series and there are 72 series strings connected in parallel and connected to a power conditioning unit. The PV modules convert the sunlight falling on them into corresponding DC electrical power output. The PV module frame is made out of anodized aluminum. Each PV module consists of 36 Nos. of silicon solar cells connected in series with redundant interconnects. The solar cells are sandwiched between two layers of Ethyl Vinyl Acetate (EVA) sheets and laminated between high transmittivity soda lime toughened glass superstrate and Tedlar rear cover. The electrical output terminals from the series connected cells are brought out to PVC module terminal box where they are soldered to the termination strips on the back side of the PV module. The PV modules have been designed for operation in harsh marine environments. These modules designed to withstand high humidity, salt water, ultra violet radiation, hail and extreme temperature changes. They have very low maintenance requirements. These modules have a useful life span of 20 years approximately. MOUNTING STRUCTURE The PV modules are mounted on the mounting structure. Each structure is capable of supporting 20 Nos. of PV modules. The mounting structure design is made so that the frame on which PV modules are mounted, can be kept inclined at 15 degrees to the horizontal. The structures are designed to withstand wind speeds upto 100 km/hr. These structures are made up of GI pipes & aluminium painted to withstand the corrosive marine atmosphere. Each structure has the provision for mounting one number of terminal box.

JUNCTION BOXES

A) TERMINAL BOX :

Terminal box is a part of a PV module, from which output is taken. Each PV module is provided with one bypass diode in the terminal box.

B) SERIES JUNCTION BOX:

One series junction box is provided for each mounting structure for taking out final output. A blocking diode connected in series with 20 modules in this box.
BLOCKING DIODES:

These diodes are connected in series with string of PV modules and its functions are as follows:

a) Prevent circulating current between PV module strings. b) Prevent reverse flow of current from battery through PV array during night and/ or periods of low insolation. BYPASS DIODES: These diodes are connected in reverse direction (anode to negative of PV module and cathode to positive of PV module) across each PV module of the string. They have the same current rating as that of blocking diodes and their operation is as follows: a) Under normal operating conditions, the bypass diodes are reverse biased and play no part. b) When any module in a series string is shadowed, the current through the module is reduced. Under these circumstances, the PV module gets reverse biased leading to power dissipation across the module and reduction in output power of which is undesirable. Presence of bypass diode provides an alternate path to flow of current in the string (as the diode becomes forward biased when PV module gets reverse biased) and also limits dissipation by limiting the voltage across PV module to typically 0.7V. C) PANEL JUNCTION BOX This is for paralleling various series junction box (SJB) outputs. Terminal blocks are provided in the panel junction box for paralleling +ve & -ve electrical output from six different series junction boxes. Single compression cable glands of polycarbonate material are used for all inlet outlet to ensure IP class 55 assembly.

ARRAY JUNCTION BOX This is for paralleling ve outputs from the individual panel junction boxes. A bus bar is provided with suitable studs and lugs for paralleling ve electrical out puts from panel Junction boxes CABLES & LUGS

The cables used for various connections are as below PV module to terminal box for - 1 x 2.5 sq.mm PVC insulated, sheathed, series connection of PV modules unarmoured, copper. - 1 x 4 sq. mm PVC insulated, sheathed, unarmoured copper cable, red for +ve Black for ve. 1x 25 sq. mm PVC insulated, sheathed, unarmoured, copper, black cable. 1 x 25 sq. mm PVC insulated, sheathed, Unarmoured, copper, red cable.

Terminal box to panel junction box

Panel junction box to Array Junction box Panel junction box to PCU +ve Terminals. Array junction box to PCU +ve terminals.

- 1 x 70 sq. mm PVC insulated sheathed, unarmoured, copper, black cable.

Suitable lungs for the above cables are provided.

AC DISTRIBUTION BOARD (ACDB) AC distribution board is a cubicle serving as a grid connection point. The grid supply & PCU output is terminated on to a common bus bar through necessary switch fuse units (SFUs). A 3 phase energy meter indicates no. of units exported to the grid. Voltmeter & Ammeter have been provided in the ACDB with Selector switch to indicate line to line voltages and current during export of power to grid. DC DISTRIBUTION BOARD: This is for integrating the outputs of 12 Sub-arrays and giving a consolidated output. Each sub-array consists of 6 strings. All the array +ve are connected by the MCB, this enables to switch ON/OFF the particular Sub-array. The ve coming from the AJBs also connected together to form a common single ve. A DC voltmeter and an

ammeter are provided to indicate the voltage and current generated by the PV array. The output of Sub array no. 1 to 6 are fed to the PCU1 and thus the out put of a 50 kWp array reaches the PCU. Similarly the sub array no. 7 to 12 are connected to the PCU2. The MCCB functions as the PV array isolator for the consolidated output of each 6 Sub-array. The same arrangement is also made for Sub-array no.7 to 12 which goes to PCU2. Earthing of DCDB is done to ensure the safety of personnel.

50 KVA GRID INTERACTIVE POWER CONDITIONING UNIT (2 nos.): The Power conditioner employs digital PLL technique for synchronization. PWM technique is employed for inversion. IGBT devices are used for this purpose so that switching losses are minimum and hence higher conversion efficiency can be achieved. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control enables the PV modules/ array to operate in the maximum power point and hence the output obtained from the array is maximum. This is software based and is placed at the front end of the controller. The IGBT devices-based PWM drive inverter has all protections such as overtemperature and short circuit etc. The efficiency of the inverter is typically 90%, between half to full load resistive ambient and 89% for smaller loads. Harmonic distortion is less than 4%. The inverter employs auto-synchronizer so that changeover from grid to PV or vice versa is never felt by the user and there is no interruption of load. PCU has a self-diagnostic feature which puts the inverter into sleep mode, dormant mode and invoke mode through the front panel. All faults indicated visually/ aurally and the system is protected against fault. Inverter Grid synchronization is achieved by continuously monitoring the grid voltage and frequency. These two parameters are taken in the control feedback and compared with standard 3 phase wave form generated in the micro-controller. The net difference, in conjunction with the digital phased locked loop (essentially a phase comparator), controls the pulse-width fed to the IGBT and hence the conduction period. This ensures the grid power to be in synchronization with the generated power from the solar PV modules.

POWER TRANSFORMER: A dedicated 100 KVA 11 KV 415 V Power transfer is installed very close to the control room where PCU is located. Due to huge voltage drop in the cable a separate HV cable is laid from the power house (normally located 4-5 km away from site) to the transformers HV side. This ensures stable voltage on the LV side of the

transformer. This grid voltage is fed to the PCU. The power generated from the PCU is exported on the LT side of the transformer. This is 3-phase transformer working on the nominal 50 hz frequency. The class of insulation is B class and insulation level is as per IS: 2026 . The type of core is CRGO. This is an indoor-dry type transformer with natural air cooling. The tapping of HV side is 5% and tapping on LV side are +5%, -10%, -15%, -20% for better matching. The transformer is designed for harsh marine environment. Rating and diagram plates are provided on the name plate fixed on the transformer. The LV cable box is provided with 200 A, C & G make switch fuse unit for isolation. Danger plates are provided to caution the personnel working in vicinity. Earthing bolts have been provided for earth connection. DATA-LOGGER: The data logger takes care of data monitoring and regular data logging of the SPV system. The data logger also allows user to perform monitoring and logging of multiple connected PCUs. The system application AES-Commslink loaded in the PC and connected to the system via multidrop RS485 connection. Once the system is configured real time data can be obtained and displayed. Following data from the system are logged and displayed. Solar radiation Ambient temperature Module temperature DC voltage DC current DC power Grid voltage, frequency, current Inverter voltage, frequency, current Line pf, line KW, Total KW Energy exported

The logger will store the above data on to the load side regularly where this data can be printed and used for scrutiny of system performance and evaluation. Data logger consists following items. PC ENCLOSURE : PC enclosure is a cubicle consist of Personal Computer, UPS and printer. The top portion is for keeping monitor, a glass windows is provided for easy viewing of monitor, middle rack is for keyboard which is extendable for using the keyboard. Lowest part houses the machine and UPS. This cubicle is made up of GI of 16 SWG. Power coating in ivory shade is done to protect from harsh marine environment. The degree of ingress protection is IP:30 as per the IS:2149. All the cable entries are from rear side.

PC : The personal computer is Intel Petium P 4 processor of 1 Ghz speed. The motherboard is Intel 845 chipset and RAM is 128 MB. The hard disc capacity is 20 GB, CD drive is of speed 52X. The monitor is 15 Colour and all other necessary peripherals are provided. The Desk Jet printer is of HP make and model no. is 840C. UPS : One UPS is provided for PC and its peripheral for smooth operation during power failure. The capacity of UPS is 500 VA. This employs a sealed maintenance free lead acid battery which is user replaceable and printer back up power in case of mains failure.

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