6.

1 Transfer Functions

1. The equivalent transfer function of three parallel R 1 C

+ G2 G3
G1
blocks
1 1 s+3
G1 ( s) = , G2 ( s) = and G3( s) = is H2
s+1 s+4 s+5 Fig. P.6.1.4
( s 3 + 10 s 2 + 34 s + 37) ( s + 3)
(A) (B) G1 G2 G2 G3
( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5) ( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5) (A) (B)
1 + H1 G1 G2 G3 G1 (1 + H1 G2 G3)
-( s 3 + 10 s 2 + 34 s + 37) -( s + 3)
(C) (D) G2 G3 G2 G3
( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5) ( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5) (C) (D)
1 + H1 G1 G2 G3 G1 (1 + H1 G2 G3)

2. The block having transfer function 5. Consider the system shown in fig. P.6.1.5.
1 1 s+1 R(s) C(s)
G1 ( s) = , G2 ( s) = , G3( s) = G1 +
+ G2 +
+
s+2 s+5 s+3

are cascaded. The equivalent transfer function is

Fig. P.6.1.5
( s 3 + 10 s 2 + 37 s 2 + 31) s+1
(A) (B)
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 5) ( s + 2) ( s + 3) ( s + 5)
The input output relationship of this system is
-( s 3 + 10 s 2 + 37 s 2 + 31) -( s + 1) C(s) C(s)
(C) (D) R(s) R(s)
( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 5) ( s + 2)( s + 3)( s + 5) G1G2 1 + G1 + G1G2

(A) (B)
3. For a negative feedback system shown in fig. P.6.1.3 C(s) C(s)
R(s) R(s)
G1 + G2 1 + G2 + G1G2
s+1 s+3
G( s) = and H ( s) = (C) (D)
s( s + 2) s+4

R(s) C(s)
+ G(s) 6. A feedback control system shown in fig. P.6.1.6 is
subjected to noise N ( s).
H(s) N(s)

Fig. P.6.1.3
R(s) + C(s)
+ +
G1 G2
The equivalent transfer function is
s( s + 2)( s + 3) s( s + 2)( s + 3)
(A) 3 (B) 3 H2
s + 7 s 2 + 12 s + 3 s + 5 s2 + 4 s - 3
Fig. P.6.1.6
( s + 1)( s + 4) ( s + 1)( s + 4)
(C) (D)
s + 7 s 2 + 12 s + 3
3
s + 5 s2 + 4 s - 3
3
C N ( s)
The noise transfer function is
N ( s)
4. A feedback control system is shown in fig. P.6.1.4.
G1 G2 G2
The transfer function for this system is (A) (B)
1 + G1 G2 H 1 + G1 H

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330 Transfer Functions Chap 6.1

G2 R1 C1
(C) (D) None of the above 16 3
1 + G2 H
R2 C2
+
7. A system is shown in fig. P6.1.7. The transfer 10

function for this system is

H1 Fig. P.6.1.10

R(s) + C(s) (A) 10% and 1% (B) 2% and 10%

G1 + G2
(C) 10% and 0% (D) 5% and 1%
H2
11. The transfer function C
R
of the system shown in the
Fig. P.6.1.7
fig. P.6.1.11 is
G1 G2 R 1 C
(A) + H2 G1
1 + G1 G1 H 2 + G2 H1 H1

G1 G2
(B) G2
1 + G1 G2 + H1 H 2
Fig. P.6.1.11
G1 G2
(C)
1 - G1 H1 - G2 H 2 + G1 G2 H1 H 2 (A)
G1 H 2
(B)
G1 G2 H 2
H1 (1 + G1 G2 H 2 ) H1 (1 + G1 G2 H 2 )
G1 G2
(D)
1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G1 G2 H1 H 2 (C)
G2 G1
(D)
G1 G2
1 + H1 H 2 G1 G2 H1 (1 + G1 G2 H 2 )
8. The closed loop gain of the system shown in fig.
P6.1.8 is 12. In the signal flow graph shown in fig. P6.1.12 the
R C sum of loop gain of non-touching loops is
+ 6
+ t44
t32 t43

1 t12 t23 t34 t45 t56

3 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6
Fig.P6.1.8 t24
t25
(A) -2 (B) 6 Fig. P.6.1.12
(C) -6 (D) 2
(A) t32 t23 + t44 (B) t23t32 + t34 t43

9. The block diagrams shown in fig. P.6.1.9 are (C) t24 t43t32 + t44 (D) t23t32 + t34 t43 + t44
equivalent if G is equal to
13. For the SFG shown in fig. P.6.1.14 the graph
R(s) s+2 C(s)
s+1 determinant D is
-c

R(s) 1 C(s)
G + b
s+1 +
a d

1 1

Fig. P.6.1.9
i h
e j
(A) s + 1 (B) 2 f

(C) s + 2 (D) 1 -g

Fig. P.6.1.13
10. Consider the systems shown in fig. P.6.1.10. If the
forward path gain is reduced by 10% in each system, (A) 1 - bc - fg - bcfg + cigj
then the variation in C1 and C2 will be respectively (B) 1 - bc - fg - cigj + bcfg

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Chap 6.1 Transfer Functions 331

(C) 1 + bc + fg + cig j - bcfg 1 1

(a)
(D) 1 + bc + fg + bcfg - cigj
1
1 1
14. The sum of the gains of the feedback paths in the (b) 1
signal flow graph shown in fig. P.6.1.13 is
1 1
2 2
1 a b c 1
1 1 1
(c)
1 1
f e d 2 2

Fig. P.6.1.14 Fig. P.6.1.17

(A) af + be + cd (A) a (B) b

(B) af + be + cd + abef + bcde (C) b and c (D) a, b and c
(C) af + be + cd + abef + abcdef
18. Consider the List I and List II
(D) af + be + cd + cbef + bcde + abcdef
List I List II
15. A closed-loop system is shown in fig. P.6.1.15. The (Signal Flow Graph) (Transfer Function)
noise transfer function Cn ( s) N ( s) is approximately
xi a b xo
R(s) 1 G1 C(s) P. 1. a + b
xi a xo
-H2 H1 Q. 2. ab
b
1
xi 1 1 a xo a
N(s) S. 3.
(1 - ab)
Fig. P.6.1.15 b
xi 1 a 1 xo a
1 R. 4.
(A) For |G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)| << 1 1-b
G1 ( s) H1 ( s) b

1
(B) For |G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)| >> 1
-H1 ( s) The correct match is

1 P Q R S
(C) For |G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)| >> 1
H1 ( s) H 2 ( s) (A) 2 1 3 4
1 (B) 2 1 4 3
(D) For |G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s)| << 1
G1 ( s) H1 ( s) H 2 ( s) (C) 1 2 4 3
(D) 1 2 3 4
16. The overall transfer function C
R
of the system
shown in fig. P.6.1.16 will be 19. For the signal flow graph shown in fig. P6.1.19 an
-H1 -H2 equivalent graph is
ta
R 1 G
C tc td
Fig. P.6.1.16 e1 tb e2 e3 e4

G Fig. P.6.1.19
(A) G (B)
1 + H2 ta + tb tctd tatb tc+ td
e1 e2 e4 e1 e2 e4
G G
(C) (D)
(1 + H1 )(1 + H 2 ) 1 + H1 + H 2 (A) (B)

ta + tb tctd tatb tc+ td

17. Consider the signal flow graphs shown in fig. e1 e3 e4 e1 e4
e3
P6.1.17. The transfer 2 is of the graph
(C) (D)

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332 Transfer Functions Chap 6.1

20. Consider the block diagram shown in figure 22. For the system shown in fig. P6.1.22 transfer
P.6.1.20 function C( s) R( s) is
1 2 3 4
R(s) C(s)
+ + G2 + G2
G3

H2 R(s) + C(s)
H1 + + +
G1 G2

H3
H1
Fig. P.6.1.20
H2
For this system the signal flow graph is
Fig. P.6.1.22

-H3 G3
(A)
R(s) 1 1 1 2
-H2
1 C(s)
1 - H1 G2 - H 2 G3 - G1 G2 H 2
3 4
(A) G1 G2
G3 + G1 G2
(B)
-H1H2 1 + H1 G2 + H 2 G3 + G1 G2 H 2
-H3 -H2
R(s) 1 1 1 2 4 1 C(s) G3
(B) (C)
G1 3 G2 1 + H1 G2 + H 2 G3 + G1 G2 H 2
-H2 G3
-H2 (D)
1 - H1 G2 - H 2 G3 - G1 G2 H 2
R(s) 1 1 1 2 3 4 1 C(s)
(C) G1 G2

-H3
-H1H2 23. In the signal flow graph shown in fig. P6.1.23 the
H3
R(s) 1 1 1 3 G2 4 1 C(s)
transfer function is
2
(D) G1
H2
R 5 3 2 C
-H1

-3
Fig. P.6.1.23
21. The block diagram of a system is shown in fig. ‘
P.6.1.21. The closed loop transfer function of this (A) 3.75 (B) -3
system is (C) 3 (D) -3.75
H1

R(s) C(s)
24. In the signal flow graph shown in fig. P6.1.24 the
+ G1 + G2 G3
gain C R is

H2
-1 -1 -1
Fig. P.6.1.21 R 1 1 C
2 3 4
G1 G2 G3
(A)
1 + G1 G2 G3 H1 5
Fig. P.6.1.24
G1 G2 G3
(B)
1 + G1 G2 G3 H1 H 2
G1 G2 G3 44 29
(C) (A) (B)
1 + G1 G2 H1 + G2 G3 H 2 23 19
G1 G2 G3
(D) 44 29
1 + G1 G2 H1 + G1 G3 H 2 + G2 G3 H1 (C) (D)
19 11

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Chap 6.1 Transfer Functions 333

25. The gain C( s) R( s) of the signal flow graph shown G1 + G2

(D)
in fig. P.6.1.25 is 1 + G1 G2 + G3G6 G7 + G1 G3G4 G5 + G1 G2 G3G6 G7G8
G4
G3
28. For the block diagram shown in fig. P.6.1.28 the
R(s) 1 1 C(s)
numerator of transfer function is
G1 G2

-H1 G1

Fig. P.6.1.25 C(s)

R(s)
+ G2 + G5 + G6
+ +
G1 G2 + G2 G3
(A)
1 + G1 G2 H1 + G2 G3 H1 + G4
G3
G1 G2 + G2 G3
(B) +
1 + G1 G3 H1 + G2 G3 H1 - G4 G4
+

G1 G3 + G2 G3
(C)
1 + G1 G3 H1 + G2 G3 H1 - G4
Fig. P.6.1.28
G1 G3 + G2 G3
(D)
1 + G1 G3 H1 + G2 G3 H1 + G4 (A) G6 [ G4 + G3 + G5( G3 + G2 )]
(B) G6 [ G2 + G3 + G5( G3 + G4 )]
26. The transfer function of the system shown in fig.
(C) G6 [ G1 + G2 + G3( G4 + G5)]
P.6.1.26 is
(D) None of the above
R(s) + C(s)
+ G1 + G2
29. For the block diagram shown in fig. P.6.1.29 the
H1 H2 transfer function C( s) R( s) is

Fig. P.6.1.26 2 2
s

G1 G2 G1 G2 C(s)
(A) (B) R(s)
+ 1 + 50 s +
1 - G1 G2 H1 - G1 G2 H 2 1 - G2 H 2 - G1 G2 H1 s2 s+1

G1 G2 G1 G2
(C) (D)
1 - G2 H 2 + G1 G2 H1 H 2 1 - G1 G2 H1 H 2 Fig. P.6.1.29

27. For the block diagram shown in fig. P.6.1.27 50( s - 2) 50( s - 2)
(A) (B)
s 3 + s 2 + 150 s - 100 s 3 + s 2 + 150 s
transfer function C( s) R( s) is
C(s) 50 s 50
(C) (D)
G8
s 3 + s 2 + 150 s - 100 s 2 + s + 150
R(s)
+
G1 G2 G3 30. For the SFG shown in fig. P.6.1.30 the transfer
C
function R
is
G4 G5 G6
R G1 G2 G3 1 C

+ +
+ G7 +
-H1 -H2 -H3

Fig. P.6.1.27 Fig. P.6.1.30

G1 G2 G1 + G2 + G3
(A) (A)
1 + G1 G2 + G1 G7G3 + G1 G2 G8 G6 + G1 G2 G3G7G5 1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3
G1 G2 G1 + G2 + G3
(B) (B)
1 + G1 G4 + G1 G2 G8 + G1 G2 G5G7 + G1 G2 G3G6 G7 1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H1 H 3
G1 + G2 G1 G2 G3
(C) (C)
1 + G1 G4 + G1 G2 G8 + G1 G2 G5G7 + G1 G2 G3G6 G7 1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3

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334 Transfer Functions Chap 6.1

G1 G2 G3 G1 G3G4 + G2 G3G4 + G2 G4
(D) (D)
1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H1 H 3 1 + G1 G3G4 H1 H 2 H 3 + G3G4 H1 H 2 + G4 H1

31. Consider the SFG shown in fig. P6.1.31. The D for Statement for Q.34-37:
this graph is
G4 A block diagram of feedback control system is
shown in fig. P6.1.34-37
-H3
R 1 G1 G2 G3 1 C

R1(s) + C1(s)
-H1 + G
-H2

Fig. P.6.1.31

(A) 1 + G1 H1 + G2 G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H 2 R2(s)
+
+
G
C2(s)
+
(B) 1 + G1 H1 - G2 G3 H 3 - G1 G3 H 3 + G2 G4 H 2 H 3
(C) 1 + G1 H1 + G2 G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H 3 - G2 G4 H 2 H 3 Fig. P.6.1.34-37
(D) 1 + G1 H1 + G2 G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H 3 + G2 G4 H 2 H 3

32. The transfer function of the system shown in fig. C1

34. The transfer function is
P.6.1.32 is R1 R2 = 0

G1 G G(1 - G)
(A) (B)
1 - 2G2 1 - 2G2
R + C
+ G2 + G3
G(1 - 2 G) G
(C) (D)
1 - G2 1 - G2
H1

Fig. P.6.1.32 C1
35. The transfer function is
G2 G3 + G1 G3 G2 G3 + G1 G3 R2 R1 = 0
(A) (B)
1 - G3 H1 + G2 G3 1 + G3 H1 - G2 G3
G G
(A) (B)
G2 G3 + G1 G3 G2 G3 + G1 G3 1 - 2G2 1 - G2
(C) (D)
1 + G3 H1 + G2 G3 1 - G3 H1 - G2 G3
G2 G2
(C) (D)
1 - 2G2 1 - G2
33. The closed loop transfer function of the system
shown in fig. P6.1.33 is
C2
36. The transfer function is
G2 R1 R2 = 0

R + + C G (1 + G) G2
+ G1 + G3 + G4 (A) (B)
1 - 2G2 1 - 2G2

H3 H2 H1 G2 G
(C) (D)
1 - G2 1 - G2
Fig. P.6.1.33

G1 G2 G3 + G2 G3G4 + G1 G4 C2
(A) 37. The transfer function is
1 + G1 G3G4 H1 H 2 H 3 + G2 H 4 H1 H 2 + G4 H1 R2 R1 = 0
G2 G4 + G1 G2 G3
(B) G(1 + G) G
1 + G1 G3 H1 H 2 H 3 + G4 H1 + G3G4 H1 H 2 (A) (B)
1 - 2G2 1 - 2G2
G1 G3G4 + G2 G4
(C) G G
1 + G3G4 H1 H 2 + G4 H1 + G1 G3 H 3 H 2 (C) (D)
1+ G 1 - G2

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Chap 6.1 Transfer Functions 335

Statement for Q.38–39:

A signal flow graph is shown in fig. P.6.1.38–39. Solutions
G4 1. (A) Ge ( s) = G1 ( s) + G2 ( s) + G3( s)
Y1 1 Y2 G1 Y3 G2 Y4 G3 Y5 1 Y5 1 1 s+3
= + +
( s + 1) ( s + 4) ( s + 5)
-H1 -H2
s 2 + 9s + 20 + s 2 + 6s + 5 + s 3 + 5s 2 + 4s + 3s 2 + 15s + 12
=
-H3
(s + 1)(s + 4)(s + 5)
Fig. P.6.1.38-39
s 3 + 10 s 2 + 34 s + 37
=
Y2 ( s + 1)( s + 4)( s + 5)
38. The transfer function is
Y1
( s + 1)
1 1 + G2 H 2 2. (B) Ge ( s) = G1 ( s) G2 ( s) G3( s) =
(A) (B) ( s + 2)( s + 5)( s + 3)
D D
G1 G2 G3 C( s) G( s)
(C) (D) None of the above 3. (C) =
D R( s) 1 + H ( s) G( s)
s+1
Y5
39. The transfer function is s( s + 2) ( s + 1)( s + 4)
Y2 = = 3
( s + 3) ( s + 1) s + 7 s 2 + 12 s + 3
G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3 1+
(A) (B) G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3 ( s + 4) s( s + 2)
D
G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3 G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3 4. (B) Multiply G2 and G3 and apply feedback formula
(C) (D)
G1 G2 G3 1 + G2 H 2
1
and then again multiply with .
G1
Statement for Q.40–41:
G2 G3
T( s) =
A block diagram is shown in fig. P6.1.40–41. G1 (1 + G2 G3 H1 )
5
5. (D) T( s) = G2 (1 + G1 ) + 1 = 1 + G1 + G1 G2
R1(s) + C2(s)
+ 1 2s
s +
6. (A) Open-loop gain = G2
2 Feed back gain = HG1
G2
Fig. P.6.1.40-41
TN ( s) =
1 + G1 G2 H

40. The transfer function for this system is

7. (D) Apply the feedback formula to both loop and
2 s(2 s + 1) 2 s(2 s + 1)
(A) (B) then multiply
2 s + 3s + 5
2
2 s 2 + 13s + 5
æ G1 öæ G2 ö
2 s(2 s + 1) 2 s(2 s + 1) T( s) = çç ÷÷çç ÷÷
(C) (D) è 1 + G1 H1 øè 1 + G2 H 2 ø
4 s 2 + 13s + 5 4 s 2 + 3s + 5
G1 G2
=
41. The pole of this system are 1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G1 G2 H1 H 2
(A) -0.75 ± j1.39 (B) -0.41, - 6.09
C 6
(C) -0.5, - 1.67 (D) -0.25 ± j0.88 8. (C) For positive feedback = =-6
R 1- 6´1
3

******** 9. (D) For system (b) closed loop transfer function

G G + s+1
+1=
s+1 s+1

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336 Transfer Functions Chap 6.1

G + s+1 s+2 Q. P1 = a, P2 = b , D = 1, L = Dk = 0, T = a + b
=
s+1 s+1 a
R. P1 = a, L1 = b, D = 1 - b, D1 = 1, T =
Hence G = 1 a-b
a
S. P1 = a, L1 = ab, D = 1 - ab, D1 = 1, T =
10. (A) In open loop system change will be 10% in C1 1 - ab
also but in closed loop system change will be less
10 10 19. (A) Between e1 and e2 , there are two parallel path.
C2 = = ,
10 + 1 11 Combining them gives ta + tb . Between e2 and e4 there
9 9
C¢2 = = , C2 is reduced by 1%. is a path given by total gain tc td . So remove node e3
9 + 1 10
and place gain tc td of the branch e2 e4 . Hence option (A)
is correct.
11. (A) Apply the feedback formula and then multiply
1
by , 20. (A) Option (A) is correct. Best method is to check
H1
the signal flow graph. In block diagram there is
æ 1 ö
( H 2 G1 ) çç ÷÷ feedback from 4 to 1 of gain -H1 H 2 . The signal flow
C
= è H1 ø = H 2 G1
graph of option (A) has feedback from 4 to 1 of gain
R 1 + H 2 G1 G2 H1 (1 + G1 G2 H 2 )
-H1 H 2 .
12. (A) There cannot be common subscript because
21. (C) Consider the block diagram as SFG. There are
subscript refers to node number. If subscript is
two feedback loop -G1 G2 H1 and -G2 G3 H 2 and one
common, that means that node is in both loop.
forward path G1 G2 G3 . So (D) is correct option.
13. (D) L1 = -bc, L2 = - fg, L3 = jgic, L1 L3 = bcfg
22. (B) Consider the block diagram as a SFG. Two
D = 1 - ( -bc - fg + cigj) + bcfg = 1 + bc + fg - cig j + bcfg
forward path G1 G2 and G3 and three loops
14. (A) In this graph there are three feedback loop. -G1 G2 H 2 , - G2 H1 , - G3 H 2 .
abef is not a feedback path because between path x2 is There are no nontouching loop. So (B) is correct.
a summing node.
23. (C) P1 = 5 ´ 3 ´ 2 = 30, D = 1 - ( 3 ´ - 3) = 10
15. (B) By putting R ( s) = 0 C 30
D1 = 1 , = =3
P1 = - H 2 G1 , L1 = - G1 H 2 H1 , D1 = 1 R 10
- H 2 G1
Tn ( s) = 24. (A) P1 = 2 ´ 3 ´ 4 = 24 , P2 = 1 ´ 5 ´ 1 = 5
1 + G1 H 2 H1
- H 2 G1 -1 L1 = -2 , L2 = -3, L3 = -4, L4 = -5,
if |G1 H 2 H1 | >> 1, Tn ( s) = =
G1 H 2 H1 H1 L1 L3 = 8, D = 1 - ( -2 - 3 - 4 - 5) + 8 = 23,
D1 = 1, D2 = 1 - ( -3) = 4,
16. (C) P1 = G , L1 = - H1 , L2 = - H 2 , L1 L2 = H1 H 2 C 24 + 5 ´ 4 44
= =
D1 = 1 R 24 23
G G
T( s) = =
1 + H1 + H 2 + H1 H 2 (1 + H1 )(1 + H 2 ) 25. (B) P1 = G1 G2 , P2 = G3G2
L1 = -G3G2 H1 , L2 = -G1 G2 H1 , L3 = G4
1 1 1 1
17. (B) Ga = 1, Gb = 1 + 1 = 2, Gc = + + + =1 D1 = D2 = 1
4 4 4 4
There are no nontouching loop.
There are no loop in any graph. So option (B) is
correct. P1 D1 + P2 D2 G1 G2 + G2 G3
T( s) = =
1 - ( L1 + L2 + L3) 1 + G1 G2 H1 + G2 G3 H1 - G4
18. (B)
P. P1 = ab, D = 1, L = 0 , T = ab 26. (C) P1 = G1 G2 , L1 = -G1 G2 H1 H 2 , L2 = G2 H 2

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Chap 6.1 Transfer Functions 337

C( s) G1 G2 C P1 + P2 50( s - 2)
= = = 3
R( s) 1 + G1 G2 H1 H 2 - G2 H 2 R D s + s 2 + 150 s - 100

R(s) 1 G1 G2 1 C(s)
30. (D) P1 = G1 G2 G3
1
L1 = - G1 H1 , L2 = - G2 H 2 , L3 = - G3 H 3
-H1 H2
L1 L3 = G1 G3 H1 H 3
Fig. S6.1.28
D = 1 - ( - G1 H1 - G2 H 2 - G3 H 3 ) + G1 G3 H1 H 3
27. (B) There is one forward path G1 G2 . D = 1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H1 H 3
Four loops -G1 G4 , - G1 G2 G8 , - G1 G2 G5G7 D1 = 1
and -G1 G2 G3G6 G7 . There is no nontouching loop. So C G1 G2 G3
=
(B) is correct. R 1 + G1 H! + G2 H 2 + G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H1 H 3

28. (A) SFG: 31. (C) L1 = - G1 H1 , L2 = - G2 G3 H 3

G3 L3 = - G1 G2 H 2 , L4 = G2 G4 H 2 H 3
G4
D = 1 - (- G1 H1 - G2 G3 H3 - G1 G3 H3 + G2 G4 H2 H3)
G3
R 1 G2 G5 G6 1 C = 1 + G1 H1 + G2 G3 H 3 + G1 G3 H 3 - G2 G4 H 2 H 3

-G1
-1 32. (C) P1 = G2 G3 , P2 = G1 G3 ,

Fig. S6.1.28 L1 = - G3 H1 , L2 = - G2 H 3 , D1 = D2 = 1,
G1 -H1
P1 = G2 G5G6 , P2 = G3G5G6 , P3 = G3G6 , P4 = G4 G6
R 1 1 G2 G3 1 C
If any path is deleted, there would not be any loop.
-1
Hence D1 = D2 = D3 = D4 = 1
C G4 G6 + G3G6 + G3G5G6 + G2 G5G6 Fig. S6.1.32
=
R D
G2 G3 + G1 G3
T( s) =
29. (A) 1 + G3 H1 + G2 G3

-2
1 s -2 33. (D) P1 = G1 G3G4 , P2 = G2 G3G4 , P3 = G2 G4
R 1 s2 1 C
50 s L1 = - G1 G3G4 H1 H 2 H 3 , L2 = - G3G4 H1 H 2 , L3 = - G4 H1
(s + 1)
There are no non touching loop
-1
D1 = D2 = D3 = 1
Fig. S6.1.29
G2
1
1 50 50
P1 = 2 × ×s= 1
s ( s + 1) s( s + 1) 1 G1 G3 G4
R(s) C(s)
1 50 -100
P2 = 2 × × ( -2) = 2 -H1
s s+1 s ( s + 1) H3
H2
50 -2 -100 Fig. S6.1.33
L1 = × =
s+1 s s( s + 1)
-50 G1 G3G4 + G2 G3G4 + G2 G4
L2 =
1 50
× × s × ( -1) = T( s) =
s2 s + 1 s( s + 1) 1 + G1 G3G4 H1 H 2 H 3 + G3G4 H1 H 2 + G4 H1

1 50 100
L3 = × × ( -2) × ( -1) = 2 34. (B) The SFG of this system is fig. S6.1.34
s s+1
2
s ( s + 1)
L1 = - G , L2 = G , L3 = G 2 , L1 L2 = - G 2
100 50 100
D =1 + + - D = 1 - (- G + G + G 2) - G 2 = 1 - 2 G 2
s( s + 1) s( s + 1) s 2 ( s + 1)
From R1 to C1 , at R2 = 0,
D1 = D2 = 1

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338 Transfer Functions Chap 6.1

1 -5
-1 L1 = ( -5) =
s s
R1 G 1 C1
1 1
L2 = × 2 s × ( -1) = -2
s

R2 1 C2 L3 = 2 × 2 s × ( -1) = - 4 s
G 1
L4 = 2 × ( -5) = - 10
There are no nontouching loop
-1
æ 5 ö 5
Fig. S6.1.34 D = 1 - ç - - 4 s - 2 - 10 ÷ = 13 + 4 s + ,
è s ø s
P1 = G, D1 = D2 = 1,
D1 = 1 - ( G) = 1 - G 2 + 4s 2 s(2 s + 1)
T( s) = =
C1 G(1 - G) 5 4 s 2 + 13s + 5
= 13 + 4 s +
R1 1 - 2G2 s
R2 = 0

35. (C) From R2 to C1 at R1 = 0, 2 s(2 s + 1) 2 s(2 s + 1)

41. (C) T( s) = =
P1 = G , D1 = 1,
2 6 s 2 + 13s + 5 ( s + 0.5) ( s + 1.67)

C1 G2 So poles are -0.5, -1.67.

=
R2 R1 = 0
D

36. (B) From R1 to C2 ,

***********

P1 = G , D1 = 1,
2

C2 G2
=
R1 R2 = 0
D

37. (A) From R2 to C1 at R1 = 0 ,

P1 = G, D1 = 1 - ( -G) = 1 + G
C2 G(1 + G)
=
R2 R1 = 0
D

38. (C) From Y1 to Y2 , P1 = 1

D = 1 - ( -G1 H1 - G2 H 2 - G3G4 H 3 + G4 H1 H 2 - G1 G2 G3 H 3)
Þ D = 1 + G1 H1 + G2 H 2 + G3G4 H 3 + G1 G2 G3 H 3 - G4 H1 H 2
Y P D 1 + G2 H 2
D1 = 1 + G2 H 2 , 2 = 1 1 =
Y1 D D

39. (D) From Y1 to Y5 , P1 = G1 G2 G3 , P2 = G4 G3

Y5 G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3
D1 = D2 = 1, =
Y1 D
Y5
Y5 Y1 G1 G2 G3 + G4 G3
= =
Y2 Y2 1 + G2 H 2
Y1

40. (C) Consider block diagram as SFG

1
P1 = × 2 s = 2 , P2 = 2 × 2 s = 4 s
s

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