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    32 DerivativeRules

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    For any function f(x) and constant a: 1) If f(x) = ag(x), then f'(x) = ag'(x) 2) When differentiating products and quotients of functions, use the Product Rule and Quotient Rule respectively. 3) The Reciprocal Rule and examples are provided for differentiating reciprocals of functions.

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    32 DerivativeRules

    Uploaded by

    api-3738981
    76 views8 pages
    For any function f(x) and constant a: 1) If f(x) = ag(x), then f'(x) = ag'(x) 2) When differentiating products and quotients of functions, use the Product Rule and Quotient Rule respectively. 3) The Reciprocal Rule and examples are provided for differentiating reciprocals of functions.

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    32-DerivativeRules

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    For any function f(x) and constant a: 1) If f(x) = ag(x), then f'(x) = ag'(x) 2) When differentiating products and quotients of functions, use the Product Rule and Quotient Rule respectively. 3) The Reciprocal Rule and examples are provided for differentiating reciprocals of functions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views8 pages

    32 DerivativeRules

    Uploaded by

    api-3738981
    For any function f(x) and constant a: 1) If f(x) = ag(x), then f'(x) = ag'(x) 2) When differentiating products and quotients of functions, use the Product Rule and Quotient Rule respectively. 3) The Reciprocal Rule and examples are provided for differentiating reciprocals of functions.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    For any rational number k,

    d k
    x = kxk−1
    dx

    Proof: In Limit Section.


    Examples:
    d 2
    x = 2x2−1 = 2x
    dx
    d 3
    x = 3x3−1 = 3x2
    dx
    d 4
    x = 4x4−1 = 4x3
    dx
    d 10
    x = 10x10−1 = 10x9
    dx
    d
    xk = kxk−1
    dx
    d d
    1= x0 = 0x0−1 = 0x0−1 = 0
    dx dx
    d d 1
    x= x = 1x1−1 = 1x0 = 1
    dx dx
    d 1 d −1 −1−1 −2 1
    = x = −1x = −1x =−
    dx x dx x2
    d 1 d −2 2
    2
    = x = −2x−2−1 = −2x−3 = −
    dx x dx x3
    d√ d 1 1 1 −1 1 −1 1 1
    x= x2 = x 2 = x = 2
    1 = √
    dx dx 2 2 2x 2 2 x
    d 1 d −1 1 − 1 −1 1 −3 1 1
    √ = x 2 =− x 2 =− x 2=− 3 =− √
    dx x dx 2 2 2x 2 2x x
    For a constant a,
    If f (x) = ag(x), then f 0(x) = ag 0(x).
    Proof 1:
    0 f (x + h) − f (x)
    f (x) = lim
    h→0 h
    ag(x + h) − ag(x)
    = lim
    h→0 h
    g(x + h) − g(x)
    = a lim = ag 0(x)
    h→0 h
    Proof 2:
    Since g(x + h) = g(x) + g 0(x)h + o(h),
    then f (x + h) =
    ag(x + h) = ag(x) + ag 0(x)h + o(h).
    For a constant a,
    If f (x) = ag(x), then f 0(x) = ag 0(x).
    Examples:
    2 0 2 0
     
    3x =3 x = 3 · 2x = 6x
    2 0 2 0
     
    5x =5 x = 5 · 2x = 10x
    2 0 2 0
     
    − 2x = −2 x = −2 · 2x = −4x
    3 0 3 0
    2 x = 2 · 3x2 = 6x2
     
    2x =
    3 0 3 0
    3 x = 3 · 3x2 = 9x2
     
    3x =
    3 0 3 0
    5 x = 5 · 3x2 = 15x2
     
    5x =
    3 0 3 0
    −2 x = −2 · 3x2 = −6x2
     
    − 2x =
    0
    3 6
    
    −2 0 −2 0 −3 −3
      
    = 3x =3 x =3 −2·x = −6x =−
    x2 x3
    d
    f (x) + g(x) = f 0(x) + g 0(x) :

    dx
    4 3 0
    = 12x3 + 18x2,
    
    3x + 6x
    5 2 0
    = 10x4 − 10x,
    
    2x − 5x
    d
    4x − x + 1 = 12x2 − 1 + 0 = 12x2 − 1,
    3
    
    dx
    d 4 7
    24x3 − 5 + 7x6,

    6x − 5x + x =
    dx
    d √
    3
    √  d 1 1 1 − 23 1 − 12 1 1
    x+ x = x3 + x2 = x + x = 2 + 1
    dx dx 3 2 3x 3 2x 2
    1 1
    at x = 64 : = 2 + 1
    3 · 642 · 64 3 2
    1 1 1
    = + = .
    3 · 16 2 · 8 12
    d d d
    (f (x) · g(x)) = f (x) · g(x) + f (x) · g(x)
    dx dx dx
    d 3 2 3 d
    (x · g(x)) = 3x · g(x) + x · g(x)
    dx dx
    d 5 d
    x = (x3 · x2) = 3x2 · x2 + x3 · 2x = 3x4 + 2x4 = 5x4
    dx dx

    How do we reconcile the above rule with


    “For a constant a, if f (x) = ag(x), then f 0(x) = ag 0(x)”?
    Here’s the complete operation:
    d d d
    (a · g(x)) = a · g(x) + a · g(x)
    dx dx dx
    d d
    = 0 · g(x) + a · g(x) = a · g(x).
    dx dx
      0
     0
    f (x)g(x)h(x) = f (x)g(x) h(x)
     0  
    = f (x)g(x) h(x) + f (x)g(x) h0(x)
     
    = f 0(x)g(x) + f (x)g 0(x) h(x) + f (x)g(x)h0(x)
    = f 0(x)g(x)h(x) + f (x)g 0(x)h(x) + f (x)g(x)h0(x)
    An Example:
     2 3
    0
    (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)
    = (1 + 0)(x2 + 2)(x3 + 3) + (x + 1)(2x + 0)(x3 + 3)
    + (x + 1)(x2 + 2)(3x2 + 0)
    = 1 · 6 · 11 + 3 · 4 · 11 + 3 · 6 · 12, at x = 2
    = 66 + 132 + 216 = 414.
    Differentiate, then substitute x-value, then simplify.
    d 1 g 0(x)
    Reciprocal Rule: =− for g(x) 6= 0.
    dx g(x) g 2(x)
    d 1 3x2 − 2x
    Example: 3 2
    =− 3 for x 6= 0, 1.
    dx x − x (x − x2)2

    Quotient Rule:
    d f (x) f 0(x)g(x) − f (x)g 0(x)
    = 2
    for g(x) 6= 0.
    dx g(x) g (x)
    d f (x) f 0(x)x − f (x)x0 f 0(x)x − f (x)
    Examples: = 2
    =
    dx x x x2
    d x x0f (x) − xf 0(x) f (x) − xf 0(x)
    = 2 = 2
    dx f (x) f (x) f (x)

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