General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level) Examination - 2011

Support Seminar
(01) Physics - Paper I
Answer Guide
Question No.

Answer

Question No.

Answer

26

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32

33

34

10

35

11

36

12

37

13

38

14

39

15

40

16

41

17

42

18

43

19

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50

General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level) Examination - 2011

Support Seminar
(01) Physics - Paper II
Answer Guide
Part A - Structured Essay
1. (a)

^i&
^ii&

(b)

^i&

^ii&

......................... 01
......................... 01

Vernier Calliper
3

......................... 01
Weight 50 g
Reason Fractional/ Percentage errors in length measurements will be low.
......................... 01
Adjust the position of the ruler until it gets balanced over the knife edge horizontally.
......................... 01

^iii&

l2

l1

Glass cube

Ruler

Knife
edge

Weight

Correct diagram
with correct labeling

^iv& m l1 = M l2

(c)

= m
l3

(c)

......................... 01

dg

^i&

When the glass cube is completely immered in water, the balanced length from the knife edge
......................... 01
to the weight.

^ii&

Mg l3 =

dg

(b)

......................... 01

^v&

l1 l =
3
l 2

2. (a)

......................... 01

(
)
( )l
l
( l l)
m

m
d g l1
dg w

1 dw
dg
2

......................... 01

dw

A layer of water retains in the trapped air volume.

......................... 01

Position 1 Position 2 -

......................... 01
......................... 01

HP
H + h1 P

^i&

Pressure of air = H + h P

^ii&

(H + h P) l

=
or
(H + h P) a l =

......................... 01

(Constant) k
(Constant) k

-1-

......................... 01

^iii&

(H + h P)

1
l

1
l

k
l
1
h sin + 1 (H P)
k 1
k

h1

Lk

h/ + 1 (H P)
k

or
or

1
l

1
l

1
h + 1 (H P)
k
k

ah1
Lk

(d)

(H P)

......................... 01
......................... 01
......................... 01
......................... 01

^iv& gradient and

intercept
^v&

h/ +

(mercury) barometer

Not possible

^ h, varies from 0 to h1.) Therefore if h1 is small, the pressure exerted on the air column will be

small and the variation of the length of the air column will be insignicant
or

3. (a)

cannot obtain a well distributed data set

......................... 01

Meter ruler

......................... 01

(b)

......................... 01

(c)

^i&

Two resonance states.

......................... 01

Fundamental and rst overtone.

Immerse the tube in water completely. Raise the tube gradually while keeping the sounded
tuning fork just above the open end of the tube, until a high note/ sound is heard for the rst
time. Raise the tube further until a second high note/ sound is heard.
......................... 01
(Resonance) length ^ l1& of the air column corresponding to the
fundamental/ rst high note.
......................... 01
(Resonance) length ^ l2& of the air column corresponding to the
rst overtone/ second high note. (for both)

^ii&

(d)

(e)

v
v

=
=

......................... 01
......................... 01

4f ( l1 + e)

4 f ( l2 + e)
3
-2-

(f)

=
=
=

3v
3
1

v
(g)

4f (16.5 + e)
4 f (50.5 + e)
50.5 + e
16.5 + e

340 ms1

Next resonance lengh

= 5
4
= 5 340
4
500
= 85 cm
Since the length of the tube < 85 cm next resonance state cannot be achieved.
........................ 01

2V

4. (a)

......................... 01
E

( )

(b)

......................... 01
......................... 01

0.5 cm

Touch the two ends of the potentiometer wire with the sliding key.
Galvanometer should show deections in opposite directions.
E

(c)

E
R
R + r
R+r
R
1+

r
R

1
l

........................ 01

k l0

......................... 01

k l

......................... 01

l0
l
l0
l
r
l
0

=
=

1
1
R + l
0

......................... 01

x + c

......................... 01

(d)

Vary R and measure the corresponding balance length (or l)

(e)

The cell will be short circuited./ the cell will be discharged quickly (a large current will be drawn
......................... 01
from the cell)

(f)

1
l

(0, 0)

......................... 01

1
R
-3-

(g)

the gradient l0 or from

(h)

Yes, the potential difference of less than 2 V across the terminals of the cell could be achieved.
......................... 01

5.

1 v2
2

gh

Pressure or

........................ 01

intercept

Part B - Essay

Pressure energy per unit volume

Kinetic energy per unit volume

dynamic pressure

or

Gravitational potential energy per unit volume

(b)

100 v1 =

......................... 01

v1

v
v

......................... 01

100

Applying Bernoulli's equation, along A B C D

+ 0 + 0 = + 1 v2 g h2
2

Where = Atmospheric pressure

1
2

(ii)

(iii)
(d) (i)

......................... 02

(All three correct - 02, any two correct - 01)

(a)

(c) (i)

gradient

v2

......................... 01

g h2

......................... 01

2 g h2

......................... 01

2 10 45 102

3 m s1

(Correct substitution) ......................... 01

......................... 01

If h2 = 0 v = 0
Therefore siphon action will not work.

......................... 01

Applying Bernoulli's equation along A B C

P0 + 0 + 0

PC

PC

PC + v2 + g h1
2
1

P0 v2 g h1
2
P0 g (h1 + h2)

= P0 g h2 g h1

................... 01

......................... 01

(ii)

When PC = Pvapour , A zone of water vapour is created at C/ cavitation will occur at C.

......................... 01
Therefore the continuity of the water column will break.

(iii)

4 103
4
(h1 + h2)

105 103 10 (h1 + h2)

100 10 (h1 + h2)

......................... 01

9.6 m

......................... 01

-4-

6. (a)

B
r
i1

sin c
c
(b)

D
90 - r
=
1/
=

sin c

1/

2.5
24

90 i / + 90 r +

i/

(c) (i)

2.5

sin r
r
(ii)

=
=

......................... 01
=

0.4000

180

......................... 01

......................... 01

sin 80
sin r

......................... 01

23

......................... 01

0.98
2.5
0.392

For the ray to be just totaly internaly reected from the surface CD , i / should be equal to
24 (critical angle)
......................... 01
24 =

23

min =

min

......................... 01

47

(iii) For i values less than 80, corresponding r values will be less than 23.
Then corresponding i / values will be more than 24. Hence the rays will be totaly internaly
......................... 01
reected from the surface CD.
(iv)

(d) (i)

If < min , for i / to be more than 24, corresponding r values should be less than 23.
......................... 01
Hence the required i values for the rays to be totaly internaly reflected from the surface CD
will be less than 80.
Therefore the range of the angle (i) of incidence for the rays to be totaly internaly reected
(at the surface CD) would be small.
or most of the incident rays will not be totaly internaly reected at the surface CD.
......................... 01
Critical angle (c /) for glass - air

sin c /
c/

=
=

42 =
r
=

1
1.5

......................... 01

42

......................... 01

47 r
5
-5-

1.5

sin i =
i
(ii)

7. (a)

sin i
sin 5

......................... 01

7.5

......................... 01

1.5 0.0870
0.1305

For a glass structure, in order for the rays to be totaly internaly reected from the surface CD
the corresponding range of i values lies between 0 and 7.5 (very small range)
......................... 01
For the diamond this range is from 0 to 80.
Therefore the diamond will sparkle more or
the glass structure will sparkle less.

2T
r

......................... 01

(b) (i)

For the soap im

P

For the opened limb

P

hg

4T
g

4T
800 10
T

(c) (i)

rh

(ii)

Pressure inside the soap im

Atmospheric pressure

4T
r

......................... 01

+hg

......................... 01

4T
g

......................... 01

4T
r

Constant.

1.23 10

1.23 105

2.46 102 N m1

(for correct substitution) ......................... 01

(with correct unit) ......................... 02

Due to the pressure inside the capillary, an air buble will be formed at its immersed end. As
the pressure is increased the radius of the buble will decrease. When the radius of the buble
is equal to the radius of the capillary maximum pressure is attained in the capillary.
......................... 01
After that the buble will break (and the water level at the capillary will be at) This situation
correspomds to the minimum pressure inside the capillary. (difference in the liquid levels
of the manometer = 4.0 cm). Then the capillary could be pressurized again to acheive the
maximum pressure (difference in the liquid levels = 9.1 cm&
......................... 01

-6-

(ii)
4cm

{
A

At A, the level of water is at (r

PA
=
PB
+ 4 800 g

)
......................... 01
......................... 01

+ h1 1000 g

h1

h1

3.2 cm

(iii)

A
When h

B
=

9.1 cm

radius of the buble = radius of the capillary.

2T
r

Now PA PB =

......................... 01

+ 9.1 102 800 g ( + 3.2 102 1000 g) =

2T
0.35 103

......................... 02

(Correct substitution for PA 01

2T
0.35 103
2T
T

8. (a) (i)
(ii)

correct substitution for PB 01)

=

728 320

408 0.35 103

7.14 102 N m1

......................... 01

The surface of the sphere with radius equal to the Schwarzschild radius surrounding a black
......................... 01
hole is called the event horizon.
Since light cannot escape from within this sphere, events occurring inside cannot be seen.
......................... 01

-7-

(b) (i)

(ii)

By conservation of mechanical energy.

1

GMm + 2 mv2
R

v R

(ii)

(d) (i)

c2

Rs

2 GM
R

2 GM
R

......................... 01
......................... 01

2 GM
Rs

......................... 01

2 GM

Kinetic energy of light is equal to 2 mc2

GM
Gravitational potential energy near a black hole is equal to
.
R
(for both) ......................... 01
Rs

density

Rs

=
=

(e)

2 GM
Rs

2 6.66 1011 3 2.0 1030

9 1016

8.88 103 m

=
=

(iii)

v2

......................... 01

R3
R

(ii)

0+0

M R3, (M 4 R3)
3

(c) (i)

......................... 01

3 2 1030
4 (8.88)3 109
3

......................... 01

2.14 1018 kg m3

2 6.66 1011 5.4 1036

9 1016

8 109 m

No

X - rays are also electromagnetic rays like light.

-8-

......................... 01

(with the reason) ......................... 01

(f)

(g)

GMm
r2

Distance

(h)

......................... 01

mv2
r

Gm
r
2r
v

......................... 01

2 r 2
GM
3.0 108 60 60 24 365 26 103

2.46 1020 m

......................... 01

2.46 1017 km

No effect.
Total mass of the sun and the distance from the center of the sun to the earth does not change.
(with the reason) ......................... 01

9. A (a) (i)

(ii)

Expected range of values for V0 : 0

10 V

10 V

......................... 01

R1
R2

V0

V0

10 V
......................... 01

R2

(b) (i)

(ii)

Range of values for V0 ; 0 1 V

V0 can be adjusted to the required value very easily

or

V0, now varies slowly with R2 compared to the previous circuit.

A

(iii)
10 V

5 k
5 k

900

V0

100

-9-

......................... 01

......................... 01

Equivalent resistance RBC across BC is given by,

1
R

1
+
1
5 103
1 103
6
5 103
5 103
6

BC

=
=

RBC

Voltage across BC,

VBC

(iii)

(1)

V0

V0

=
=

V0

5
6
5
5+
6
10
7 V
1 V
BC
10
1 10
10
7

10

0.14 V

......................... 01

......................... 01

......................... 01

1V

0.5 V
0

(iii)

(2)

(iv)

(1)

R2

5 k 10 k

......................... 01

Variation of V0 with R2 is non linear.

If it is linear it should follow the straight line given with the dashed line or if it is
linear V0 should be equal to 0.5 V for R2 = 5 k or any correct alternative answer.
......................... 01
A

10 V

R1 90 k
R2

......................... 01

1
+
1
5 103
100 103

......................... 01

When R2 = 5 k,
=

BC

1
R

BC

21
100 103

3
= 100 10
21
10
. 100
=

21
5 + 100
21

RBC

VBC

R4 10 k V0

1V

Range for V0 is
1
R

R3

=
=

( )

10 21 100
205
21

......................... 01

1000
205

- 10 -

1
10 VBC

V0

1
1000
10 205
0.49 V

=
=

......................... 01

(iv) (2)

If V0 varies linearly with R2 it should be 0.5 V when R2 = 5 k.

The above value of 0.49 V is very much closer to 0.5 V compared to the value obtained
under b (iii). Therefore the student has succeeded in achieving a better linearity.
......................... 01

(iv) (3)

No

If the load resistance R0 is less than 10 k it will reduce the effective value of R4 and
hence the effective value of RBC , leading to a smaller value of V0 with increased non
......................... 01
linearity.
V

9. B (a)

V + V

1 2 ,

IB

IE
(i)

(ii)

0.7 V

IC

VE

IE

IC

......................... 01

V0

VE

IE

4.7 k

VC

4V

(a) VBE

(I + I)R
I . R
10 V

IR

3.3 k

100

VB VBE

3.3 V

=
=
=

4 0.7

......................... 01

VE

3.3 k
VE

3.3 103

......................... 01

1 103 A (1 mA)
- 11 -

(iii)

(iv)

VC

10 IC RC

10 1 103 4.7 103

IB

......................... 01

10 IE RC

5.3 V

......................... 01

IC

IE

......................... 01

=
=

1 103
100

......................... 01

105 A (or 10 A)

Base voltage is 4 V and the collector voltage is 5.3 V. Therefore the collector which is of n
type is more positive than the base which is of p type. Hence the base collector junction is
......................... 01
reverse biased.
(b) Additional voltage (signal) to the base is VB
(i)

VE =

VB VBE

VE =

VB VBE

VE =

VB

(VBE = 0 given)

......................... 01

i.e. increase in the emitter voltage (VE) due to VB is equal to VB itself.

(ii)

(iii)

Change in Emitter current IE = VE

R
E
= VB
R
E
VC = RC . IC

......................... 01
......................... 01

(iv) When IC is an increase, VC will be an decrease.

VC = RC IC

(v)

or

VC = 10 IC RC
VC = IC RC

Voltage gain of the amplier

But IC = IE

VC
V
B

IC . RC
V

......................... 01

......................... 01

= VB
R

Voltage gain

= VB . RC

(RE) VB

RC
RE

- 12 -

......................... 01

(vi)

The above expression shows that the voltage gain (a) of a common emitter amplier can be given
......................... 01
by the general expression a = RC
RE

e
(ii) f
(iii) g
(iv) h

10. A (a) (i)

(b) (i)

f
g
h
e

constant volume

(iii)
(c) (i)

......................... 01
......................... 01

adiabatic expansion
constant volume

Work done = area under the curve with the V axis.

Work done by the gas
from g
h

(ii)

......................... 01
......................... 01

adiabatic compression

1
(4.0 0.5) 104 (6 + 3) 106
2
1
3.5 9 102
2

=
=

Work done on the gas

from e
f

1575 J

1
(4.0 0.5) 104 (3 + 2)106
2
1
3.5 5 102
2

Net work done

875 J (875 J)

......................... 01

=
=

(1575 875)
700 J

......................... 01

For a constant volume process, the work done is zero.

U
= Q W (W = 0)

......................... 01

......................... 01

The change in internal energy from f to g

(ii)

(d) (i)

(ii)
(iii)

Uf

Q1

The change in internal energy from h to e

......................... 01

) = Q2

(Uh

For a complete cycle U = 0

0
= Q1 Q2 W

=
=

700
100
3 .5 103
20%

Mass of petrol

=
(e)

......................... 01

Power generated

Q1 Q2
Q1 Q2
Q1

Q1
3.5 103
1g

4 50 700
1.4 105 W

- 13 -

......................... 01

Q2
Q1

......................... 01

......................... 01
......................... 01

......................... 01

......................... 01

10.B 1.(a) (i) Total power = A T4

= 6.0 108 4 (7.0 108)2 (5800)4

(for correct substitution) ......................... 01
22
= 6.0 4 7 49 584 108 1016 108
= 6 4 22 7 107 1016

= 3.7 1026 W (3.6 3.7) 1026 W

......................... 01

(b) (i)

To sustain the nuclear fusion reaction a very high temperature is essential. ............... 01

(c) (i)

m T

(ii)

High energy rays scatter on their path to the surface of the sun or rays loose their
energy due to collisions and produce low energy electromagnetic waves.
......................... 01
......................... 01

3 103

3 103
30000

......................... 01

= 107 m (0.1 m)

(ii)

100 nm is not in the visible region. But the visible radiation produced by the star is more
intense in and around the blue region. Violet and indigo colours are not so sensitive to our
......................... 01
eyes compared to blue colour.
Let r be the radius of the star.
3.7 1026
3.7 1031

r2 34 108
49 1016 584 =
r2

=
=

2.

(7.0 108)2 584 108

r2 34 1016

......................... 01
......................... 01

105
49 1020
81

......................... 01

7.8 109 m (7.7 7.9)109 m

......................... 01

7 1010
9

Let T be the temperature of small sheet. After thermal equilibrium is achieved, rate of heat
absorbed by the sheet will be equal to the rate of heat dissipated by the sheet.
......................... 01
(6000)4 T4
=
T4 (300)4
2 T4

(604 + 34) 108

34 (81) can be neglected when compared with 604 (1296 104)

2 T4
T4

604 108

T4

648 1012

T
T
T

=
=

1296 1012
2

......................... 01

(648) 103

5.045 103
5045 K

- 14 -

......................... 01