kUj;Jtj;Jiw tsh;r;rpf;F K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;G

kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; K];ypk;fs; mile;j Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F Fh;MdpdJk ;>

`jP]pdJk; NghjidfNs J}z;LNfhyha; mike;jd. Njdpd; kUj;Jtf; Fzk; gw;wp my; Fh;Md; gpd;tUkhU $WfpwJ mjDila tapw;wpy; ,Ue;J (Njdp) gy epwq;fSila xU ghdk; (Njd;) ngwg;gLfpwJ. mjpy; kdpjh;fSf;F Neha; epthuzp cz;L. rpe;jpj;J czuf;$ba kf;fSf;F epr;rakhf ,jpYk; Xh; mj;jhl;rp ,Uf;fd;wJ. (16:69) xU Kiw egp (]y;) mth;fs; my;yh`;tpd; mbahh;fNs> ePq;fs;

kUe;Jfisf; nfhz;L Neha;fSf;Fg; ghpfhuk; Njbf;nfhs;Sq;fs.; kuzj;ijj; jtpu kw;iwa vy;yh Neha;fSf;Fk; my;yh`; kUe;Jfisg; gilj;Js;shd.; Mdhy;> kdpjh;fs; mtw;iw mwpahky; ,Ug;gJz;L vd;W $wpdhh;fs;. egp(]y;) mth;fs; gy Neha;fSf;fhd vDk; epthuzq;fis tpsf;fpAs;shh;fs;. egp(]y;) mwpQh;

mth;fspd; Neha; epthuzp gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fis mwpQh;fs; mj;jpg;Ge; egtpa;ap (egpfshhpd; mth;fspd; kUj;Jtk;) fhyg;gphptpy; jiyg;gpy; gpd; njhFj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. fy;jh vd;w A+j `hhp];

kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; Gfo; ngw;W tpsq;fpdhh;. egp(]y;) mth;fspd; ,Wjp `I;Ipd; gpd;dh; ]mj; gpd; mgp tf;fh]; (wop) mth;fs; RftPdk; mile;j NghJ egpath;fs; ]mJf;F rpfpr;ir nra;Ak;gb `hhpi]g; gzpj;jhh;fs.; ,th;fsJ fhyg;gphptpy; ghurPf kd;dd; egpath;fSf;F itj;jpak; nra;tjw; fhf ghurPf itj;jpah; xUtiu mDg;gp itj;jhd;. Fyghch;uhrpjPd;fs; fhyj;jpy; kUj;Jtj;Jiw XH xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l Jiwahf ts;h;r;rpaile;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,]yhkpa cyfpy; Kjd;Kjyhf itj;jpa rhiyfis epWtpa ngUikAila fyPgh tyPj;ijNa rhUk;. ,tuhy; epWtg;gl;l mq;ftPdh;fSf;fhd itj;jparhiyapy; FUlh;> nrtplh;> Nghd;w NehahspfSf;F rpfpr;iraspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tuJ Kd;khjpiag; gpd;gw;wp Vida cikah fyPghf;fSk; Mq;fhq;Nf itj;jparhiyfis epWtpa NghjpYk; mit xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l mikg;gpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mg;ghrpah; Ml;rpapNyNa xOq;F gLj;jg;gl;l kUj;Jt kidfs; Njhd;w Muk;gpj;jd. Kjd;Kjyhf rfy trjpfisAk; nfhz;l nghJ itj;jparhiyia epWtpa ngUik fyPgh `h&d; mh;u\PijNa rhUk;. gf;jhjpy; epWtg;gl;l ,t; itj;jparhiyapy; Nehahsh;fs; jq;fpapUe;J rpfpr;ir ngWtjw;fhd trjpfs; ,Ue;jNjhL kUj;Jtk; gapy tpUk;gpa khzth;fSf;F ,q;F gapw;rpAk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
1

Mz;fSf;Fk;> ngz;fSf;Fk; ntt;Ntwhd thh;l;fs; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. mNj Nghy; njhw;WNeha;fSf;F jdpj;jdp thh;l;fs; ,Ue;jd. Mz;fSf;fhd thh;l;fspy; Mz; jhjpfSk;> ngz;fSf;fhd thh;l;fspy; ngz; jhjpfSk; flikahw;wpdH. ntsp Nehahsh;fSf;fhd kUj;Jtg; ghpNrhjid Fwpj;j jpdq;fspy;> Fwpj;j ,lj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;wJ. kUj;Jt kidapy; jq;FNthUf;fhd gpuj;jpNaf cilfs; NehahspfSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld. Nehahspapd; cilfs;> clikfis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. Nehahspfisg; ghh;f;f tUNthUf;Fk; jq;Fkpl trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. kUe;Jfis jahhpf;fTk;> eph;thf jdpj;jdp ,lk; xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. NjitfSf;fhfTk; rkayiwf;fhfTk;

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2

cjtpaJ.

fpNuf;f

kUj;Jt

mwptpay; E}y;fis nkhopngah;j;jjd; %yk; mtw;iw mopahJ ghJfhj;j ngUik K];ypk;fisNa rhUk;. K];ypk;fs; fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fis nkhopngah;j;jJ kl;Lkd;wp> fpNuf;f kUj;Jt Nkijfspd; jtWfis tpkh;rpj;J mtw;iw Rlbf;fhl;baNjhL kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; ghpNrhjid Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpAk; gy Nfhl;ghLfis epWtpAk; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapd; tsh;r;rpf;F rpwe;j gq;fspg;ig toq;fpdh.; fpNuf;fhpd; kUj;Jt Kiwahd A+dhdp kUj;Jtj;ijg; ghJfhj;J ,d;iwa cyfpw;F mspj;j ngUik mNugpa K];ypk;fisNa rhUk;. Nghh;f;fhyq;fspy; itj;jpa rpfpr;ir mspg;gjw;fhf K];ypk;fshy; ,uhZt itj;jparhiyfSk; epWtg;gl;ld. gLf;iffs; ,izf;fg;gl;l xl;lfq;fs; mk;Ayd;]; tz;bfshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. mt;thNw K];ypk;fs; kUe;Jf;filfisAk; elj;jpf; fhl;bapUf;fpwhh;fs;. kUe;J cw;gj;jpj; Jiwapy; K];ypk;fspd; gq;fspg;G kfj;jhdjhFk;. ,jid Nkw;Fyfk; mq;fpfhpj;Js;sJ vdyhk;. fp.gp. 1618y; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;l kUe;jpay; E}ypy; fpNuf;f mwpQ;QHfshd `pg;Nghfpul;];> fyd; vDk; ,UtuJ glq;fSld; K];ypk; kUj;Jtuhd mG+ myp ]Pdh> mG+ ]fhpa;ah A`d;dh gpd; k]htp`; vDk; Rl;bf;fhl;lj;jf;fjhFk;. ,UtuJ glq;fSk; gpuRupf;fg;gl;lbUe;jd vd;gJ

K];ypk; kUj;Jt mwpQ;QHfs; vOjpa E}y;fs; INuhg;gpa nkhopfs; gytw;wpw;F nkhop ngaHf;fg;gl;likAk;> K];ypk; kUj;JtHfs; ifahz;l top Kiwfs; ePz;l fhyk; INuhg;gpa kUj;Jth;fshy; gpd;gw;wg; gl;likAk; ,d;Wk; mf; fiyapy; mwG kUj;Jtj;jpd; nry;thf;F ,Uf;fpd;wikAk; Nkw;Fyf kUj;Jtj;jpd; kPJ K];ypk;fspd; nry;thf;F ahJ vd;gij kjpg;gpl cjTtd vdyhk;.

kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;Fg; gq;fhw;wpa mwpQh;fs;

kUj;Jtj; Jiwapd; tsh;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j K];ypk; kUj;Jt

NkijfSs; mu;uh]p> ,g;D ]Pdh> ,g;D egP];> m];]`;uhtp> `{idd; ,g;D ,];`hf; MfpNahh; rpwg;Gw;W tpsq;fpdh;.

mHuh]p
Nkw;Fyfj;jhy; uh]]; vd miof;fg;gl;l ,th; ,sk; tajpNyNa ,ur

thjj;jpy; ALCHEMY (my; nfkp) <Lgl;ltuhthH. gpw;fhyj;jpy; Nkw;fhrpahtpy; gy ghfq;fspYk; ,Ue;J te;j Nehahsh;fshYk;> khzth;fshYk; ftug;gl;lhh;. ,th; kUj;Jtk; nra;Ak; jpwikiag; ngw;w gpwF gf;jhf; efUf;Fr; nrd;W mq;fpUe;j gpujhd itj;jpa rhiyapy; gpujk kUj;Jt mjpfhhpahff; flikahw;wpdhh;. gpd;dh; mg;gh]pa fyPghf;fSs; xUtuhd Kf;jgp gpy;yh`; (fp.gp.902 907) vd;gthpd; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; ,uhr;rpak; KOtjpYk; epWtg;gl;bUe;j itj;jparhiyfspd; jiytuhff; flikahw;wpdhh;. ,th; vOjpa 220f;Fk; mjpfkhd E}y;fspy; 140 E}y;fs; kUj;Jtk; rhh;e;j E}y;fshFk;. mtw;Ws; my;`htp> my; [}jhp ty; `];gh> fpjhG jpg;gpy; kd;R+hp> fpjhGy; m];uhh; Mfpait jtpu Vidait kpfr;rpwpaitahFk;. 12 ghfq;fis E}y;fspy; kpg; cs;slf;fpa gpurpj;jp ngw;w E}yhd my;`htp ,th; vOjpa nghpajhFk;. ,e;E}y; kUj;Jtj;jpd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd

Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,ijg;Nghd;w xU ngha kUj;Jt E}y; ,Jtiu cyfpy; ,y;iy vd fUjg;gLfpwJ. Rfhjhuk>; Neha;fSk; mtw;wpd; mwpFwpfSk; mtw;wpw;fhd rpfpr;ir KiwfSk; Mfpa mk;rq;fis ,e;E}y; cs;slf;fpapUg;gJld; xt;NthU Nehapd; KbtpYk; me;Neha; gw;wpa mh;uh]papd; nrhe;jf; fUj;jf;fSk; mDgtq;fSk; $wg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mu;uh]papd; kw;WnkhU E}yhd my; [}jhp ty; `];gh rpd;dKj;J> nghpak;ik gw;wp tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;E}y; gy INuhg;gpa ehLfspy; gjpg;G nra;ag;gl;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ. rpd;dKj;Jf;Fk; nghpak;ikf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrj;ij Kjd;Kjypy;; tpsf;fpa E}yhf kjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. mu;uh]papd; kw;nwhW E}yhd fpjhGj; jpg;gpy; kd;R+hp (kd;R+hp kUj;Jt E}y;); vDk; E}Yk; xU rpwe;j kUj;Jtg; gilg;ghFk;. ,e;E}y; 10 ghfq;fisf; nfhz;lJ mtw;wpy; rpy ghfq;fs; N[h;kd;> gpuhd;]; Mfpa nkhopfspy; nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;ld. mu;uh]p kfg;Ngw;W kUj;Jtk;> ngz; kUj;Jtk;> fz; kUj;Jtk;> rj;jpu rpfpr;ir Nghd;w JiwfspYk; jptpu Muha;r;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mWitr; rpfpr;irapd; NghJ ijay; NghLtjw;fhf Kjd; Kjypy; kpUfq;fspd; Fly; ,iofisg; gad;gLj;jpaJk; ,tNuahthh;.

mu;uh]p fp.gp 925k; mz;by; fz;ghh;it ,oe;j epiyapy; kuzkhdhh;. ,thpd; cUtg;glk; ghhP]; gy;fiyf;foj;jd; kUj;Jt gPlj;jpy; ghh;itf;fhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ ,tuJ epidthf 1964k Mz;L <uhdpy; jghy; Kj;jpiu xd;Wk; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

myp ,g;D ]Pdh

mu;uh]pia mike;jth; mLj;J kj;jpafhy vd kUj;Jtj;Jiwapd; INuhg;gpah;fshy; tsh;r;rpf;Ff; miof;fg;gl;l fhuzkhf mG+ my; mtpnrd;dh

`{i]d; ,g;D mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D ]Pdh (fp.gp 980 - 1037) Mthh;. ,th; jdJ 17tJ tajpy; jpwik gilj;j kUj;Jtuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. 21tJ tajpy; E}y;fs; vOj Muk;gpj;jhh;. ,th; vOjpa 99 E}y;fSs; 17 E}y;fs; kUj;Jtk; rhh;e;itahFk;. fhD}d; ,tw;Ws; nfdd; tpjpfs;) vd INuhg;gpah;fshy; miof;fg;gl;l tuNtw;ig gpj;jpg;gp (kUj;Jt INuhg;gpahpilNa kpFe;j

ngw;wJld; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapd; iggpshfTk; kjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;E}y; 5 ngUk; gFjpfshf gphpf;fg;gl;lJ. Kjyhk; gFjp clyikg;G> cly;eyd;fs;> Foe;ij eyd;> tNahjpgh; eyd;> nghJthd rpfpr;irfs;. ,uz;lhk; gFjp Neha;fspd; mwpFwpfs; mfuthpirapy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. %d;whk; gFjp cr;re;jiy Kjy; cs;sq;fhy; tiuAs;s cWg;Gf;fisg; ghjpf;Fk; Neha;fisg; Fwpg;Gf;fSk;. gw;wpAs;s tpsf;fq;fSk;> nghJ Neha; gw;wpa

ehd;fhk; gFjp fha;r;ry;> tPf;fk;. cilT. mWitr; rpfpr;ir> KwpT> czT eQ;rhjy;> tprh;eha;f;fb> rUk Neha; gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fs;. Ie;jhk; gFjp fyit Kiw kUe;Jfs;> rpfpr;ir Kiwfs;. ,e;E}ypy; 760 tifahd kUe;Jfs; njhlh;ghd tphpthd tpsf;fq;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;E}y; gy INuhg;gpa gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; kUj;Jt ghl E}yhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. myp ,g;D ]Pdh> fhD}d; gpj;jpg;gp jtpu mu;[{]h gpj;jpg;gp> mj;tpaJy; fhypgh. m\;\pgh Kjypa kUj;Jt E}y;fisAk; vOjpAs;shh;. njhw;W Neha; gw;wp cyfpw;F mwpKfk; nra;j ,th; rpy Neha;fspd; guk;gYf;F kz;Zk;> ePUk;
5

fhuzkhfpd;wd

vd;Wk;

epWtpdhh;.

kUj;Jtj;Jiwf;F

Mw;wpa

gzpfs;

fhuzkhfNt etPd kUj;Jtj;jpd; je;ij (father of the modern medicine) vd miof;fg;gLfpwhh;. ,tUf;F n\a;Fy; uaP];> 2k; mup];Nlhl;by; Nghd;w rpwg;Gg; ngaHfSk; cz;L.

`{idd; ,g;D ,];`hf;

mg;gg]pa fypghf;fshd my; k/%d;> my; Kjtf;fpy; MfpNahhpd; Ml;rpf; fhyq;fspy; Gfo; ngw;W tpsq;fpa kw;WnkhU kUj;Jt Nkij ,g;D ,];`hf; Mthh;. fyPgh k/%dpd; nkhopngah;ghsuhfTk; igj;Jy; `pf;khtpd; `{idd; fhyj;jpy; murhq;f Nkw;ghh;itahsuhfTk;

flikahw;wpdhh;. k/%dpd; fhyj;jpy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;l fpNuf;fE}y;fSs; ngUk;ghyhdit ,tuhy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;litNa MFk;. fpNuf;f kUj;Jt E}y;fis Nrfhpg;gjw;fhf rphpah> gy];jPd;> mnyf;rhe;jphpah Nghd;w ehLfSf;F gpuahzk; nra;jhh;. fpNuf;f kUj;Jt Nkijahd nfydhy; vOjg;gl;l kUj;Jt E}y;fs; ahTk; ,tuhy; nkhop ngah;f;fg;gl;ld. ,th; nkhopngah;g;G E}y;fs; kl;Lkpd;wp nrhe;jkhfTk; gy E}y;fis tpsf;fq;fs;

vOjpAs;shh;. ,th; nrhe;jkhf vOjpa E}y;fSs; kUj;Jtj;jpd; Nfs;tpfs; vDk; E}y; gpurpj;jp tha;e;jJ. ,jpy; tpdhtpil Kiwapy; $wg;gl;lLs;sd. kUj;Jtf;fiy gw;wpa

m];]`;uhtp
fp.gp 10k; E}w;whzby; Fh;JghTf;F tho;e;j mUfpy; K];ypk; cs;s kUj;Jt ]`;uh NkijfSs; vDk; Chpy; ,tUk; gpwe;j

xUtuhthh;.

fhuzj;jpdhy; ]`;uhtp vd miof;fg;gLfpd;whh;. ,tuJ KOg;ngah; mGy; fh]pk; fyg; gpd; mg;gh]; m];]`;uhtp vd;gjhFk;. Fuq;Ffisg; gad;gLj;jp kdpj cly; cWg;Gf;fis gw;wp kpFe;j Ma;Tfs; nra;J ntw;wp fz;l ,th; mWitr; rpfpr;ir Kiwapy; gy etPd KiwfisAk; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;. ,tuhy; vOjg;gl;l mj;j];uPg; vDk; 30 ghfq;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; vOjg;gl;l Xh; xg;gw;w kUj;jtf; fiyf; fsQrpakhFk;.
6

,e;E}y; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ kUe;J jahhpj;jy;. fz;> fhJ> %f;F> tha;> Kjypa cWg;Gf;fspy; mWitr; rpfpr;ir nra;jy;. raNuhfk; ngz;fs; njhlh;ghd Neha;fs; FUjpAiwah Neha;. FUjpAiwah Neha; itj;jpauhfTk; tpsq;fpdhh;. gw;wp Kjypy; tpsf;fpa ,th; xU gy;

,g;D me;egP];
fp.gp 13Mk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j ,g;D me;egP]; kUj;Jtf; fiy gw;wp gy E}y;fis vOjpdhh;. fz;Neha;fs;> cztpay; rk;ke;jkhd E}y;fis vOjpa ,th; `pg;Nghfpul;B];> `{idd; ,g;D ,];`hf;> ,g;D ]Pdh MfpNahhpd; E}y;fSf;F tphpTiufSk; vOjpAs;shh;. ,th; vOjpa tphpTiu E}y;fSs; fpjhg; my; K/[p];> mj;j\;uP`; vd;gd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fdthFk;.

myp ,g;D mg;gh];

,tuJ KOg;ngah; myp ,g;D mg;gh]; k[_]p MFk;. INuhg;gpah; ,tiu n`yp mg;gh]; vd mioj;jdh;. ikj;Jisf;Foha;fspd; mikg;G> njhopw;ghL> Foe;ij gpurtkhFk; tpjk; vd;gd gw;wp Muhae;J kpfr;rhpahd tpsf;fkspj;j Kjy; kUj;Jth; ,tuhthh;. ,th;vOjpa fpjhGy; khypf;fp vDk; E}ypy; tpy;ypak; `hh;Ntf;F gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu FUjpr; Rw;Nwhl;lk; gw;wp tpsf;fg;gl;lJ. Gfo; ngw;w kUj;Jt Nkijahd ,g;D ]Pdhtpd; fhD}d; vDk; E}ypd; Njhw;wk; tiu kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; Gfo; ngw;w E}yhf fpjhGy; khypf;fp tpsq;fpaJ. ,t;thW K];ypk;fshy; tsh;f;fg;gl;l fhyq;fspy; mth;fspdhy; iftplg;gl;ljpdhy; tsh;f;f Kw;gl;ldh;.
7

kUj;Jtf;fiy gpw;gl;l Nkw;fj;ijath;fSk; gpw

kjj;jth;fSk; me;j kUj;Jt ghuk;ghpaq;fis Rje;jpukhfg; ngw;W mjid