------------------------------------------------------------------

; Microprocessor And Microcomputer by A. P. Godse

MVI A, 52H ; Store 52H in the accumulator
STA 2000H ; Copy accumulator contents at address 2000H
HLT ; Terminal program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------
=================================================
LXI H, 2000H ; Load HL with 2000H
MVI M, 52H ; Store 52H in memory location pointed by HL register pair
(2000H)

------------------------------------------------------------------
=================================================
MOV A, L ; Get lower 2 digits of no. 1
ADD E ; Add two lower digits
DAA ; Adjust result to valid BCD
STA 2300H ; Store partial result
MOV A, H ; Get most significant 2 digits of no. 2
ADC D ; Add two most significant digits
DAA ; Adjust result to valid BCD
STA 2301H ; Store partial result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 145 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
SUB A ; sum = 0
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
BACK: ADD M ; SUM = SUM + data
INX H ; increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; if counter 0 repeat
STA 2300H ; store sum
HLT ; Terminate program execution

1
------------------------------------------------------------------ 145 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C,A ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
SUB A ; Sum low = 0
MOV B,A ; Sumhigh = 0
BACK: ADD M ; Sum = sum + data
JNC SKIP
INR B ; Add carry to MSB of SUM
SKIP: INX H ; Increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; Check if counter 0 repeat
STA 2300H ; Store lower byte
MOV A,B
STA 2301H ; Store higher byte
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 147 of book

MVI C, 0AH ; Initialize counter

LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI D, 2300H ; Initialize destination memory pointer
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get byte from source memory block
STAX D ; Store byte in the destination memory block
INX H ; Increment source memory pointer
INX D ; Increment destination memory pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If counter 0 repeat
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 149 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV E, A
MVI D, 00 ; Get the first number
LDA 2201H
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 0000H ; Result = 0
BACK: DAD D ; Result = result + first number
DCR C ; decrement count
JNZ BACK ; If count 0 repeat
SHLD 2300H ; Store result

2
 HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 150 of book

=================================================
LHLD 2200H ; Get the dividend
LDA 2202H
MOV C, A ; Get the divisor
LXI D, 0000H ; Quotient = 0
BACK: MOV A, L
SUB C
MOV L, A ; Save partial result
JNC SKIP ; if CY 1 jump
DCR H ; Subtract borrow of previous subtraction
SKIP: INX D ; Increment quotient
MOV A, H
CPI 00 ; Check if dividend
JNZ BACK ; < divisor
MOV A, L ; if no repeat
CMP C
JNC BACK
SHLD 2302H ; Store the remainder
XCHG
SHLD 2300H ; Store the quotien
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 166 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C,A ; Initialize count
MVI B,00 ; Negative number = 0
LXI H,2201H ; Initialize pointer
BACK: MOV A,M ; Get the number
ANI 80H ; Check for MSB
JZ SKIP ; If MSB = 1
INR B ; Increment negative number count
SKIP: INX H ; Increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement count
JNZ BACK ; If count 0 repeat
MOV A,B
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

3
------------------------------------------------------------------ 167 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
XRA A ; Maximum = Minimum possible value = 0
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
BACK: CMP M ; Is number > maximum
JNC SKIP
MOV A, M ; Yes, replace maximum
SKIP: INX H
DCR C
JNZ BACK
STA 2300H ; Store maximum number
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 168 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H ; Get the number
CMA ; Complement number
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------169 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200 H ; Get the number
CMA ; Complement the number
ADI 01H ; Add one in the number
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 169 of book

=================================================
LDA 2201H ; Get the Most significant BCD digit
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC ; Adjust the position
MOV C, A ; store the partial result
LDA 2200H ; Get the lower BCD digit
ADD C ; Add lower BCD digit
STA 2300H ; Store the result

4
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 117 of book

=================================================

LDA 2000H ; Get the contents of memory location 2000H into accumulator
MOV B,A ; save the contents in B register
LDA 2200H ; Get the contents of memory location 2200H into accumulator.
STA 2000H ; Store the contents of accumulator at address 2000H.
MOV A,B ; Get the saved contents back into A register
STA 2200H ; Store the contents of accumulator at address 2200H
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 117 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2000H ; Initialize HL register pair as a pointer
; to memory location 2000H
LXI D,2200 H ; Initialize DE register pair as a pointer
; to memory location 2200H
MOV B,M ; Get the contents of memory location
; 1000H into B register
LDAX D ; Get the contents of memory location
; 2000H into A register
MOV M,A ; Store the contents of A register into memory
; location 2000H
MOV A,B ; Copy the contents of B register into accumulator
STAX D ; Store the contents of A register into memory
; location 2200H.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 170 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H ; Get the packed BCD number
ANI 0F0H ; Mask lower nibble
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC ; Adjust higher BCD digit as a lower digit
STA 2300H ; Store the partial result
LDA 2200H ; Get the original BCD number
ANI 0FH ; Mask higher nibble
STA 2301H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

5
------------------------------------------------------------------ 122 of book
=================================================
LXI SP, 2400H
LXI H, 2000H
LXI B, 1020H
CALL SUB
HLT
;Subroutine program :
SUB: PUSH B
PUSH H
LXI B, 4080H
LXI H, 4090H
DAD B
SHLD 2200H
POP H
POP B
RET

------------------------------------------------------------------ 181 of book

=================================================
LXI SP,2400 ; Initialize stack pointer
MVI C, 08H ; Initialize count with 8
BACK: MOV A,B ;
RRC ; Rotate B register contents right
MOV B,A ; Save contents of register B
JNC SKIP ; If no carry skip
MVI A,0C0H
SIM ; If carry, send high on SOD
JMP NEXT
SKIP: MVI A,40H
SIM ; If no carry, send low on SOD
NEXT: CALL DELAY ; Wait for specific time
DCR C ; Decrement count by 1
JNZ BACK ; if count = 0, if not repeat
HLT ; Stop program execution
DELAY: LXI D,0001
BACK1: DCX D
MOV A,E
ORA D
JNZ BACK1
RET

6
------------------------------------------------------------------ 181 of book
=================================================
LXI SP, 27FFH
LXI H, 2000H ; Memory pointer
RIM ; Read SID
ANI 80H ; Check D7 bit of Accumulator
CALL DELAY ; 1/2 bit time delay for stop bit
MVI B, 08H ; Initialize bit counter
MVI D, 00H ; Clear data register
UP1: CALL DELAY ; 1bit time
RIM ; Read SID line
ANI 80 H ; Mask bits B6-B0
ORA D ; OR data bit with previous bits
RRC
MOV D, A ; Store data bit at appropriate position
DCR B
JNZ UP1
RLC ; Shift left to correct result
MOV M, A ; Store result
RIM ; Read stop bit
ANI 80H
CZ ERROR ; If not stop bit call error
HLT ; Terminate program.
DELAY: MVI E,01
BACK1: DCR E
JNZ BACK1
RET
ERROR: MVI A,0FF
RET

------------------------------------------------------------------ 184 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2000H ; HL Points 2000H
MOV A,M ; Get first operand
INX H ; HL Points 2001H
ADD M ; Add second operand
INX H ; HL Points 2002H
MOV M,A ; Store the lower byte of result at 2002H
MVI A,00 ; Initialize higher byte result with 00H
ADC A ; Add carry in the high byte result
INX H ; HL Points 2003H
MOV M,A ; Store the higher byte of result at 2003H
HLT

7
------------------------------------------------------------------ 185 of book
=================================================
MOV A,C
RAR
RAR
RAR
RAR
MOV C,A
HLT

------------------------------------------------------------------ 185 of book

=================================================
MOV A,B
RAR
MOV B,A
MOV A,C
RAR
MOV C,A
HLT

------------------------------------------------------------------ 130 of book

=================================================

LXI H, 2000H ; HL points 2000H

MOV A,M ; Get first operand
INX H ; HL points 2001H
ADD M ; Add second operand
INX H ; HL points 2002H
MOV M,A ; store result at 2002H
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 187 of book

=================================================
MVI B,00H
MVI C,08H
MOV A,D
BACK: RAR
JNC SKIP
INR B
SKIP: DCR C
JNZ BACK
HLT

8
------------------------------------------------------------------ 187 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
MVI B, 00H ; sum = 0
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get the number
ANI, 01H ; Mask Bit1 to Bit7
JNZ SKIP ; Don’t add if number is ODD
MOV A, B ; Get the sum
ADD M ; SUM = SUM + data
MOV B, A ; Store result in B register
SKIP: INX H ; increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; if counter 0 repeat
STA 2210H ; store sum
HLT ; Terminate program execution

; For detail explanation of program refer page 190 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
MVI E, 00 ; Sumlow = 0
MOV D, E ; Sumhigh = 0
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get the number
ANI 01H ; Mask Bit1 to Bit7
JZ SKIP ; Do not add if number is even
MOV A, E ; Get the lower byte of sum
ADD M ; Sum = sum + data
MOV E, A ; Store result in E register
JNC SKIP
INR D ; Add carry to MSB of SUM
SKIP: INX H ; Increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; Check if counter 0 repeat
MOV A, E
STA 2300H ; Store lower byte
MOV A, D
STA 2301H ; Store higher byte
HLT ; Terminate program execution

9
------------------------------------------------------------------ 191 of book
=================================================
MVI C, 0AH ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI D, 2309H ; Initialize destination memory pointer
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get byte from source memory block
STAX D ; Store byte in the destination memory block
INX H ; Increment source memory pointer
DCX D ; Decrement destination memory pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If counter 0 repeat
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 192 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2200H ; Initialize lookup table pointer
LXI D,2100H ; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI B,2000H ; Initialize destination memory pointer
BACK: LDAX D ; Get the number
MOV L,A ; A point to the square
MOV A,M ; Get the square
STAX B ; Store the result at destination memory location
INX D ; Increment source memory pointer
INX B ; Increment destination memory pointer
MOV A,C ;
CPI 05H ; Check for last number
JNZ BACK ; If not repeat
HLT ; End of program

------------------------------------------------------------------ 194 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2000H ; Initialize memory pointer
MVI B, 52H ; Initialize counter
BACK: MOV A,M ; Get the number
CMP C ; Compare with the given byte
JZ LAST ; Go last if match occurs
INX H ; Increment memory pointer
DCR B ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If not zero, repeat
LXI H, 0000H
SHLD 2200H

10
 JMP END ; Store 00 at 2200H and 2201H
LAST: SHLD 2200H ; Store memory address
END: HLT ; Stop

------------------------------------------------------------------ 195 of book

=================================================
LXI SP, 2700 ; Initialize Stack
PUSH PSW ; Save flags on stack
POP H ; Retrieve flags in ‘L’
MOV A,L ; Flags in accumulator
CMA ; Complement accumulator
MOV L,A ; Accumulator in ‘L’
PUSH H ; Save on stack
POP PSW ; Back to flag register
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 196 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2000H ; Initialize pointer1 to first number
LXI D,2100H ; Initialize pointer2 to second number
LXI B,2200H ; Initialize pointer3 to result
STC
CMC ; Carry = 0
BACK: LDAX D ; Get the digit
ADD M ; Add two digits
DAA ; Adjust for decimal
STAX B ; Store the result
INX H ; Increment pointer1
INX D ; Increment pointer2
INX B ; Increment result pointer
MOV A, L
CPI , 06 ; Check for last digit
JNZ BACK ; If not last digit repeat
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 130 of book

=================================================
LXI H, 2000H ; HL points 2000H
MOV A,M ; Get first operand
INX H ; HL points 2001H

11
SUB M ; Subtract second operand
INX H ; HL points 2002H
MOV M,A ; Store result at 2002H
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 196 of book

=================================================
MVI B, 09 ; Initialize counter 1
START: LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize memory pointer
MVI C, 09H ; Initialize counter 2
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get the number
INX H ; Increment memory pointer
CMP M ; Compare number with next number
JC SKIP ; If less, don’t interchange
JZ SKIP ; If equal, don’t interchange
MOV D, M
MOV M, A
DCX H
MOV M, D
INX H ; Interchange two numbers
SKIP: DCR C ; Decrement counter 2
JNZ BACK ; If not zero, repeat
DCR B ; Decrement counter 1
JNZ START ; If not zero, repeat
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 198 of book

=================================================
LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize memory pointer 1
LXI B, 2300H ; Initialize memory pointer 2
LXI D, 2400H ; Initialize result pointer
BACK: LDAX B ; Get the number from array 2
ADD M ; Add it with number in array 1
STAX D ; Store the addition in array 3
INX H ; Increment pointer1
INX B ; Increment pointer2
INX D ; Increment result pointer
MOV A, L
CPI , 0A ; Check pointer1 for last number
JNZ BACK ; If not, repeat
HLT ; Stop

12
------------------------------------------------------------------ 199 of book
=================================================
LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize memory pointer1
LXI D, 2300H ; Initialize memory pointer2
MVI C, 32H ; Initialize counter
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get the number
ANI 01H ; Check for even number
JNZ SKIP ; If ODD, don’t store
MOV A, M ; Get the number
STAX D ; Store the number in result list
INX D ; Increment pointer 2
SKIP: INX H ; Increment pointer1
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If not zero, repeat
HLT ; Stop

------------------------------------------------------------------ 199 of book

=================================================
LXI H, 2040H
MOV C,M ; Counter for character
REPEAT: INX H ; Memory pointer to character
MOV A,M ; Char. in accumulator
ORA A ; ORing with itself to check parity.
JPO PAREVEN
ORI 80H ; If odd parity place even parity in D7(80).
PAREVEN: MOV M,A ; Store converted even parity character.
DCR C ; Decrement counter.
JNZ REPEAT ; If not zero go for next character.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 202 of book

=================================================
MVI C, 0FFH ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 20FFH ; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI D, 214FH ; Initialize destination memory pointer
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get byte from source memory block
STAX D ; Store byte in the destination memory block
DCX H ; Decrement source memory pointer
DCX D ; Decrement destination memory pointer

13
 DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If counter # 0 repeat
HLT ; Stop execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 202 of book

=================================================
LXI SP 2400H ; Initialize stack pointer
MVI C, 90H ; Initialize counter
BACK: MOV A, C ;
ANI 0F ; Mask higher nibble
CPI 0F
JNZ SKIP
MOV A, C
SUI 06 ; Subtract 6 to adjust decimal count
MOV C, A
SKIP: MOV A, C
OUT 05 ; send count on output port
CALL DELAY ; Wait for 0.5 seconds
DCR C ; decrement count
JNZ BACK ; If not zero, repeat
HLT ; Stop execution
DELAY: LXI D, 0001
BACK1: DCX D
MOV A,E
ORA D
JNZ BACK1
RET

------------------------------------------------------------------ 131 of book

=================================================
LHLD 2000H ; Get first 16-bit number in HL
XCHG ; Save first 16-bit number in DE
LHLD 2002H ; Get second 16-bit number in HL
MOV A, E ; Get lower byte of the first number
ADD L ; Add lower byte of the second number
MOV L, A ; Store result in L register
MOV A, D ; Get higher byte of the first number
ADC H ; Add higher byte of the second number with carry
MOV H, A ; Store result in H register
SHLD 2004H ; Store 16-bit result in memory locations 2004H and 2005H.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

14
------------------------------------------------------------------ 131 of book
=================================================
LHLD 2000H ; Get first 16-bit number
XCHG ; Save first 16-bit number in DE
LHLD 2002H ; Get second 16-bit number in HL
DAD D ; Add DE and HE
SHLD 2004H ; Store 16-bit result in memory locations 2004H and 2005H.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 132 of book

=================================================
LHLD 2000H ; Get first 16-bit number in HL
XCHG ; Save first 16-bit number in DE
LHLD 2002H ; Get second 16-bit number in HL
MOV A,E ; Get lower byte of the first number
SUB L ; Subtract lower byte of the second number
MOV L,A ; Store the result in L register
MOV A,D ; Get higher byte of the first number
SBB H ; Subtract higher byte of second number with borrow
MOV H,A
SHLD 2004H ; Store 16-bit result in memory locations 2004H and 2005H.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------
=================================================
LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize pointer
MOV A,M ; Get the first number
INX H ; Increment the pointer
ADD M ; Add two numbers
DAA ; Convert HEX to valid BCD
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

; For more explanation of program refer page 60 of book

=================================================
LXI H, 2000H ; Load HL with 2000H
MVI M, 52H ; Store 52H in memory location pointed by HL register pair
(2000H)

15
------------------------------------------------------------------ 79 of book
=================================================
MOV A, L ; Get lower 2 digits of no. 1
ADD E ; Add two lower digits
DAA ; Adjust result to valid BCD
STA 2300H ; Store partial result
MOV A, H ; Get most significant 2 digits of no. 2
ADC D ; Add two most significant digits
DAA ; Adjust result to valid BCD
STA 2301H ; Store partial result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 84 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
SUB A ; sum = 0
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
BACK: ADD M ; SUM = SUM + data
INX H ; increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; if counter 0 repeat
STA 2300H ; store sum
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 84 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C,A ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
SUB A ; Sum low = 0
MOV B,A ; Sumhigh = 0
BACK: ADD M ; Sum = sum + data
JNC SKIP
INR B ; Add carry to MSB of SUM
SKIP: INX H ; Increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; Check if counter 0 repeat
STA 2300H ; Store lower byte
MOV A,B
STA 2301H ; Store higher byte
HLT ; Terminate program execution

16
------------------------------------------------------------------ 87 of book
=================================================
MVI C, 0AH ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI D, 2300H ; Initialize destination memory pointer
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get byte from source memory block
STAX D ; Store byte in the destination memory block
INX H ; Increment source memory pointer
INX D ; Increment destination memory pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If counter 0 repeat
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 88 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV E, A
MVI D, 00 ; Get the first number
LDA 2201H
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 0000H ; Result = 0
BACK: DAD D ; Result = result + first number
DCR C ; decrement count
JNZ BACK ; If count 0 repeat
SHLD 2300H ; Store result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 89 of book
=================================================
LHLD 2200H ; Get the dividend
LDA 2202H
MOV C, A ; Get the divisor
LXI D, 0000H ; Quotient = 0
BACK: MOV A, L
SUB C
MOV L, A ; Save partial result
JNC SKIP ; if CY 1 jump
DCR H ; Subtract borrow of previous subtraction
SKIP: INX D ; Increment quotient

17
 MOV A, H
CPI 00 ; Check if dividend
JNZ BACK ; < divisor
MOV A, L ; if no repeat
CMP C
JNC BACK
SHLD 2302H ; Store the remainder
XCHG
SHLD 2300H ; Store the quotien
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 106 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C,A ; Initialize count
MVI B,00 ; Negative number = 0
LXI H,2201H ; Initialize pointer
BACK: MOV A,M ; Get the number
ANI 80H ; Check for MSB
JZ SKIP ; If MSB = 1
INR B ; Increment negative number count
SKIP: INX H ; Increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement count
JNZ BACK ; If count 0 repeat
MOV A,B
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 107 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
XRA A ; Maximum = Minimum possible value = 0
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
BACK: CMP M ; Is number > maximum
JNC SKIP
MOV A, M ; Yes, replace maximum
SKIP: INX H
DCR C
JNZ BACK
STA 2300H ; Store maximum number
HLT ; Terminate program execution

18
------------------------------------------------------------------ 108 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200H ; Get the number
CMA ; Complement number
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------109 of book
=================================================
LDA 2200 H ; Get the number
CMA ; Complement the number
ADI 01H ; Add one in the number
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 109 of book

=================================================
LDA 2201H ; Get the Most significant BCD digit
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC ; Adjust the position
MOV C, A ; store the partial result
LDA 2200H ; Get the lower BCD digit
ADD C ; Add lower BCD digit
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 of book
=================================================

LDA 2000H ; Get the contents of memory location 2000H into accumulator
MOV B,A ; save the contents in B register
LDA 2200H ; Get the contents of memory location 2200H into accumulator.
STA 2000H ; Store the contents of accumulator at address 2000H.
MOV A,B ; Get the saved contents back into A register
STA 2200H ; Store the contents of accumulator at address 2200H
HLT ; Terminate program execution

19
------------------------------------------------------------------ 60 of book
=================================================
LXI H,2000H ; Initialize HL register pair as a pointer
; to memory location 2000H
LXI D,2200 H ; Initialize DE register pair as a pointer
; to memory location 2200H
MOV B,M ; Get the contents of memory location
; 1000H into B register
LDAX D ; Get the contents of memory location
; 2000H into A register
MOV M,A ; Store the contents of A register into memory
; location 2000H
MOV A,B ; Copy the contents of B register into accumulator
STAX D ; Store the contents of A register into memory
; location 2200H.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 110 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H ; Get the packed BCD number
ANI 0F0H ; Mask lower nibble
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC ; Adjust higher BCD digit as a lower digit
STA 2300H ; Store the partial result
LDA 2200H ; Get the original BCD number
ANI 0FH ; Mask higher nibble
STA 2301H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 122 of book

=================================================
LXI SP, 2400H
LXI H, 2000H
LXI B, 1020H
CALL SUB
HLT
;Subroutine program :
SUB: PUSH B
PUSH H
LXI B, 4080H

20
 LXI H, 4090H
DAD B
SHLD 2200H
POP H
POP B
RET

------------------------------------------------------------------ 130 of book

=================================================
LXI SP,2400 ; Initialize stack pointer
MVI C, 08H ; Initialize count with 8
BACK: MOV A,B ;
RRC ; Rotate B register contents right
MOV B,A ; Save contents of register B
JNC SKIP ; If no carry skip
MVI A,0C0H
SIM ; If carry, send high on SOD
JMP NEXT
SKIP: MVI A,40H
SIM ; If no carry, send low on SOD
NEXT: CALL DELAY ; Wait for specific time
DCR C ; Decrement count by 1
JNZ BACK ; if count = 0, if not repeat
HLT ; Stop program execution
DELAY: LXI D,0001
BACK1: DCX D
MOV A,E
ORA D
JNZ BACK1
RET

------------------------------------------------------------------ 131 of book

=================================================
LXI B,1388H ; Initialize counter with count 5000.
BACK: MVI A,0C0H
SIM ; Send high on SOD pin
CALL DELAY ; Wait for specific delay
MVI A, 40H ; Send low on SOD pin
SIM
CALL DELAY ; wait for specific delay
DCX B ; Decrement count by 1

21
 MOV A,C
ORA B ; Check if count = 0
JNZ BACK ; If not, repeat
HLT ; Stop program execution
DELAY: MVI D,01
BACK1: DCR D
JNZ BACK1
RET

------------------------------------------------------------------ 132 of book

=================================================
LXI SP, 27FFH
LXI H, 2000H ; Memory pointer
RIM ; Read SID
ANI 80H ; Check D7 bit of Accumulator
CALL DELAY ; 1/2 bit time delay for stop bit
MVI B, 08H ; Initialize bit counter
MVI D, 00H ; Clear data register
UP1: CALL DELAY ; 1bit time
RIM ; Read SID line
ANI 80 H ; Mask bits B6-B0
ORA D ; OR data bit with previous bits
RRC
MOV D, A ; Store data bit at appropriate position
DCR B
JNZ UP1
RLC ; Shift left to correct result
MOV M, A ; Store result
RIM ; Read stop bit
ANI 80H
CZ ERROR ; If not stop bit call error
HLT ; Terminate program.
DELAY: MVI E,01
BACK1: DCR E
JNZ BACK1
RET
ERROR: MVI A,0FF
RET

------------------------------------------------------------------
=================================================

22
 MVI B,00H
MVI C,08H
MOV A,D
BACK: RAR
JNC SKIP
INR B
SKIP: DCR C
JNZ BACK
HLT

------------------------------------------------------------------ 136 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H ; Get the BCD number
MOV B, A ; Save it
ANI 0FH ; Mask most significant four bits
MOV C, A ; Save unpacked BCD1 in C register
MOV A, B ; Get BCD again
ANI 0F0 H ; Mask least significant four bits
RRC ; Convert most significant four
RRC ; bits into unpacked BCD2
RRC ;
RRC ;
MOV B, A ; Save unpacked BCD2 in B register
XRA A ; Clear accumulator (sum = 0)
MVI D, 0AH ; Set D as a multiplier of 10
SUM: ADD D ; Add 10 until (B) = 0
DCR B ; Decrement BCD2 by one
JNZ SUM ; Is multiplication complete ?
; if not, go back and add again
ADD C ; Add BCD1
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 137 of book

=================================================
MVI B, 09 ; Initialize counter 1
START: LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize memory pointer
MVI C, 09H ; Initialize counter 2
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get the number
INX H ; Increment memory pointer
CMP M ; Compare number with next number
JC SKIP ; If less, don’t interchange

23
 JZ SKIP ; If equal, don’t interchange
MOV D, M
MOV M, A
DCX H
MOV M, D
INX H ; Interchange two numbers
SKIP: DCR C ; Decrement counter 2
JNZ BACK ; If not zero, repeat
DCR B ; Decrement counter 1
JNZ START ; If not zero, repeat
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 139 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2000H ; HL Points 2000H
MOV A,M ; Get first operand
INX H ; HL Points 2001H
ADD M ; Add second operand
INX H ; HL Points 2002H
MOV M,A ; Store the lower byte of result at 2002H
MVI A,00 ; Initialize higher byte result with 00H
ADC A ; Add carry in the high byte result
INX H ; HL Points 2003H
MOV M,A ; Store the higher byte of result at 2003H
HLT

------------------------------------------------------------------ 140 of book

=================================================
MOV A,C
RAR
RAR
RAR
RAR
MOV C,A
HLT

------------------------------------------------------------------ 73 of book
=================================================

LXI H, 2000H ; HL points 2000H

24
MOV A,M ; Get first operand
INX H ; HL points 2001H
ADD M ; Add second operand
INX H ; HL points 2002H
MOV M,A ; store result at 2002H
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 140 of book

=================================================
MOV A,B
RAR
MOV B,A
MOV A,C
RAR
MOV C,A
HLT

------------------------------------------------------------------ 142 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
MVI B, 00H ; sum = 0
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get the number
ANI, 01H ; Mask Bit1 to Bit7
JNZ SKIP ; Don’t add if number is ODD
MOV A, B ; Get the sum
ADD M ; SUM = SUM + data
MOV B, A ; Store result in B register
SKIP: INX H ; increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; if counter 0 repeat
STA 2210H ; store sum
HLT ; Terminate program execution

; For detail explanation of program refer page 144 of book

=================================================
LDA 2200H
MOV C, A ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 2201H ; Initialize pointer
MVI E, 00 ; Sumlow = 0

25
 MOV D, E ; Sumhigh = 0
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get the number
ANI 01H ; Mask Bit1 to Bit7
JZ SKIP ; Do not add if number is even
MOV A, E ; Get the lower byte of sum
ADD M ; Sum = sum + data
MOV E, A ; Store result in E register
JNC SKIP
INR D ; Add carry to MSB of SUM
SKIP: INX H ; Increment pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; Check if counter 0 repeat
MOV A, E
STA 2300H ; Store lower byte
MOV A, D
STA 2301H ; Store higher byte
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 145 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2200H ; Initialize lookup table pointer
LXI D,2100H ; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI B,2000H ; Initialize destination memory pointer
BACK: LDAX D ; Get the number
MOV L,A ; A point to the square
MOV A,M ; Get the square
STAX B ; Store the result at destination memory location
INX D ; Increment source memory pointer
INX B ; Increment destination memory pointer
MOV A,C ;
CPI 05H ; Check for last number
JNZ BACK ; If not repeat
HLT ; End of program

------------------------------------------------------------------ 147 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2000H ; Initialize memory pointer
MVI B, 52H ; Initialize counter
BACK: MOV A,M ; Get the number
CMP C ; Compare with the given byte
JZ LAST ; Go last if match occurs
INX H ; Increment memory pointer

26
 DCR B ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If not zero, repeat
LXI H, 0000H
SHLD 2200H
JMP END ; Store 00 at 2200H and 2201H
LAST: SHLD 2200H ; Store memory address
END: HLT ; Stop

------------------------------------------------------------------ 148 of book

=================================================
LXI SP, 2700 ; Initialize Stack
PUSH PSW ; Save flags on stack
POP H ; Retrieve flags in ‘L’
MOV A,L ; Flags in accumulator
CMA ; Complement accumulator
MOV L,A ; Accumulator in ‘L’
PUSH H ; Save on stack
POP PSW ; Back to flag register
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 148 of book

=================================================
LXI H,2000H ; Initialize pointer1 to first number
LXI D,2100H ; Initialize pointer2 to second number
LXI B,2200H ; Initialize pointer3 to result
STC
CMC ; Carry = 0
BACK: LDAX D ; Get the digit
ADD M ; Add two digits
DAA ; Adjust for decimal
STAX B ; Store the result
INX H ; Increment pointer1
INX D ; Increment pointer2
INX B ; Increment result pointer
MOV A, L
CPI , 06 ; Check for last digit
JNZ BACK ; If not last digit repeat
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 149 of book

27
=================================================
LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize memory pointer 1
LXI B, 2300H ; Initialize memory pointer 2
LXI D, 2400H ; Initialize result pointer
BACK: LDAX B ; Get the number from array 2
ADD M ; Add it with number in array 1
STAX D ; Store the addition in array 3
INX H ; Increment pointer1
INX B ; Increment pointer2
INX D ; Increment result pointer
MOV A, L
CPI , 0A ; Check pointer1 for last number
JNZ BACK ; If not, repeat
HLT ; Stop

------------------------------------------------------------------ 151 of book

=================================================
LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize memory pointer1
LXI D, 2300H ; Initialize memory pointer2
MVI C, 32H ; Initialize counter
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get the number
ANI 01H ; Check for even number
JNZ SKIP ; If ODD, don’t store
MOV A, M ; Get the number
STAX D ; Store the number in result list
INX D ; Increment pointer 2
SKIP: INX H ; Increment pointer1
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If not zero, repeat
HLT ; Stop

------------------------------------------------------------------ 74 of book
=================================================
LXI H, 2000H ; HL points 2000H
MOV A,M ; Get first operand
INX H ; HL points 2001H
SUB M ; Subtract second operand
INX H ; HL points 2002H
MOV M,A ; Store result at 2002H
HLT ; Terminate program execution

28
------------------------------------------------------------------ 152 of book
=================================================
LXI H, 2040H
MOV C,M ; Counter for character
REPEAT: INX H ; Memory pointer to character
MOV A,M ; Char. in accumulator
ORA A ; ORing with itself to check parity.
JPO PAREVEN
ORI 80H ; If odd parity place even parity in D7(80).
PAREVEN: MOV M,A ; Store converted even parity character.
DCR C ; Decrement counter.
JNZ REPEAT ; If not zero go for next character.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 153 of book

=================================================
MVI C, 0FFH ; Initialize counter
LXI H, 20FFH ; Initialize source memory pointer
LXI D, 214FH ; Initialize destination memory pointer
BACK: MOV A, M ; Get byte from source memory block
STAX D ; Store byte in the destination memory block
DCX H ; Decrement source memory pointer
DCX D ; Decrement destination memory pointer
DCR C ; Decrement counter
JNZ BACK ; If counter # 0 repeat
HLT ; Stop execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 154 of book

=================================================
LXI SP 2400H ; Initialize stack pointer
MVI C, 90H ; Initialize counter
BACK: MOV A, C ;
ANI 0F ; Mask higher nibble
CPI 0F
JNZ SKIP
MOV A, C
SUI 06 ; Subtract 6 to adjust decimal count
MOV C, A
SKIP: MOV A, C
OUT 05 ; send count on output port
CALL DELAY ; Wait for 0.5 seconds

29
 DCR C ; decrement count
JNZ BACK ; If not zero, repeat
HLT ; Stop execution
DELAY: LXI D, 0001
BACK1: DCX D
MOV A,E
ORA D
JNZ BACK1
RET

------------------------------------------------------------------ 75 of book
=================================================
LHLD 2000H ; Get first 16-bit number in HL
XCHG ; Save first 16-bit number in DE
LHLD 2002H ; Get second 16-bit number in HL
MOV A, E ; Get lower byte of the first number
ADD L ; Add lower byte of the second number
MOV L, A ; Store result in L register
MOV A, D ; Get higher byte of the first number
ADC H ; Add higher byte of the second number with carry
MOV H, A ; Store result in H register
SHLD 2004H ; Store 16-bit result in memory locations 2004H and 2005H.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 75 of book
=================================================
LHLD 2000H ; Get first 16-bit number
XCHG ; Save first 16-bit number in DE
LHLD 2002H ; Get second 16-bit number in HL
DAD D ; Add DE and HE
SHLD 2004H ; Store 16-bit result in memory locations 2004H and 2005H.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 76 of book
=================================================
LHLD 2000H ; Get first 16-bit number in HL
XCHG ; Save first 16-bit number in DE
LHLD 2002H ; Get second 16-bit number in HL
MOV A,E ; Get lower byte of the first number
SUB L ; Subtract lower byte of the second number
MOV L,A ; Store the result in L register

30
MOV A,D ; Get higher byte of the first number
SBB H ; Subtract higher byte of second number with borrow
MOV H,A
SHLD 2004H ; Store 16-bit result in memory locations 2004H and 2005H.
HLT ; Terminate program execution

------------------------------------------------------------------ 78 of book
=================================================
INR B
INR C
INX B
HLT

------------------------------------------------------------------ 79 of book
=================================================
LXI H, 2200H ; Initialize pointer
MOV A,M ; Get the first number
INX H ; Increment the pointer
ADD M ; Add two numbers
DAA ; Convert HEX to valid BCD
STA 2300H ; Store the result
HLT ; Terminate program execution

31