Paper ID: 15401

INSTRUCTIONS TO PAPER SETTERS:

1. 2.

Paper: Advanced Computer Networks

Maximum Marks : 60

Question No. 1 should be compulsory and cover the entire syllabus. This question should have objective or short answer type questions. It should be of 20 marks. Apart from Question No. 1, rest of the paper shall consist of four units as per the syllabus. Every unit should have two questions. However, student may be asked to attempt only 1 question from each unit. Each question should be 10 marks

Unit -I
Review of Physical, Data link layer, TCP/IP: Datalink Protocols; ARP and RARP.

Unit-II Network Layer: Routing algorithms and protocols, Congestion control algorithm, Router Operation, Router configuration, Internetworking, IP Protocol, IPv6 (an overview), Network layer in ATM Network. Unit-III Transport Layer: Transport Service, Transport Protocol (TCP, UDP, ATM AAL layer protocol). Application layer: Security, DNS, SNMP, RMON, Electronic Mail, WWW. Unit-IV Network Security: Firewalls (Application and packet filtering), Virtual Public Network. Text: 1. Tananbaum A.S., Computer Networks, 3rd Ed, PHI, 1999. 2. Laura Chappell (ed), Introduction to Cisco Router Configuration, Techmedia, 1999. References: 1. Black U., Computer Networks-Protocols, Standards and Interfaces, PHI, 1996. 2. Stallings W., Computer Communication Networks, PHI. 3 Stallings W., SNMP, SNMPv2, SNMPv3, RMON 1&2, 3 rd Ed., Addison Wesley, 1999. 4. Michael A. Miller, Data & Network Communications, Vikas Publication. 5. William A. Shay, Understanding Data Communications & Networks, Vikas Publication.

Assignment-1
Q1. Which organization is responsible for management of internet domain names and addresses?

Q2. How internet organization is organized? Q3. Discuss about different web documents used in internet. Q4. Name a technology that creates and handles dynamic documents. Q5. Compare the TCP/IP with OSI reference model. state the similarities and differences between these two models. Q6. Write short note on the following:
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) SLIP PPP NAT WWW Q13. What are Physical, logical, and port address?

Q7. What are Physical, logical, and port address? Q8. Differentiate between classless addressing and classful addressing in internet. Q9. Given the network address 138.16.18.17,find the beginning address of this network. Q10. Differentiate Between Private address and special address. Q11. What is Limited Broadcast address?

Assignment-2
Q1. What is the Maximum Number of Subnets in the following address: Class C: mask 255.255.255.240 Q2. An organization is granted the block 211.17.180.0/24.The administrator wants to create 32 subnets: (i)Find the subnet mask. (ii)Find the number of addresses in each subnet. (iii)Find the first and last address in the first subnet. (iv) Find the first and last address in the last subnet. Q3. An ISP is granted a block 150.80.0.0/16.The ISP needs to distribute these addresses as:
(i) (ii) The first group has 64 customers, each needs 256 addresses. The second group has 128 customers, each needs128 addresses.

Design the subblocks and give slash notation for each subblock. Q4. Explain the following:
(i) (ii) (iii) CIDR notation Subnetting and supernetting. Multihome devices.

Q5. Explain the IP datagram. Q6. Explain the Query Messages in ICMP. Q7. What does a router running proxy ARP and representing 10 hosts return in target hardware field in an ARP reply?

Q8. What is the maximum size of data portion of the IP datagram? Q9. Name the Application program that uses the services of ICMP to test the reachabilty of a host. Q10. How ARP and RARP protocols are fundamentally different? In what respect they are similar?

Assignment-3
Q1. Show the routing table of a host that is totally isolated. Q2. Host A sends a time_stamp message to host B and receives the reply. Discuss the possible causes and corresponding course of action. Q3. Why do OSPF message Propagates faster than RIP message? Q4. How many bytes are empty in a RIP message that advertises N networks? Q5. Explain various methods that make the size of the routing table manageable. Q6. Name the various routing protocols. Explain the various remedies to improve stability in RIP. Q7. A routing algorithm should have global knowledge about the state of the network to perform its task. Give various goals and objectives to be considered in routing algorithms. Q8. Explain the difference between leaky bucket traffic shaper and token bucket traffic shaper. Q9. Does RPB in multicast routing actually create a spanning tree? Explain. What are the leaves of the tree? Q10. What is the basis of classification for the four types of links defined by OSPF?

Assignment-4
Q1. How IPV4 is different from IPV6? Q2. What is socket addressing? Q3. For what applications would you use UDP and Why? Q4. How flow control and error control issues are handled in TCP protocol? Q5. Explain the congestion control mechanism of TCP. Q6. The following is dump of UDP header in Hexadecimal Format 06 32 00 0D 00 1C E2 17
(i) (ii) What is the source port number? What is the destination port number?

Q7. Explain the following term in the context of transport layer

(i) (ii) (iii) Forbidden region Three way handshake. Persistence timer.

Q8. What is the purpose of following fields in TCP header?

(i) (ii) (iii) Urgent pointer Six 1-bit flags Window size

Q9. Explain the encapsulation of PDUs in TCP/IP, and addressing with suitable diagrams. Q10. Explain Nagles algorithm.

Assignment-5
Q1. What is the purpose of BOOTP protocol? Q2. What do you mean by SYN flooding attack? Q3. Draw the format of DNS message. Q4. What is Embedding in TELNET? Q5. List the various group of FTP Commands. Q6. Give the purpose of TFTP and explain its bug with diagram. Q7. Explain recursive Resolution and Iterative resolution and caching in DNS. Q8. How are control and data character distinguished in NVT? Q9. Explain the two protocols that SNMP uses to perform management tasks. Q10. Discuss SMTP standard for mail transferring between two hosts with the help of typical mail flow diagram.

Assignment-6
Q1. Name a public key and private key algorithm. Q2. What do mean by cipher in cryptography? How substitution ciphers are different from transposition ciphers? Q3. How private key is different from public key in cryptography? Q4. What are digital signatures? What are the type of encryption techniques? Q5. What are block ciphers? Discuss DES encryption algorithm with a block diagram. Q6. What are Firewalls? Explain the different type of firewalls. Q7.what is a VPN and why it is needed? Q8. Why does ATM use small, fixed length cell? Q9. Name the ATM layers and explain their functions. Q10.Briefly explain about ISDN technology. Q11. Explain the following:
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Frame relay DNS RMON HTTP

LECTURE PLAN Mobile Computing 8th Semester Topics to be covered 1st term Introduction to PCS Introduction to cellular system architecture 1 Mobility Management, Registration, call 2 Delivery Handoff Management:Detection and 1 Channel Assignment Handoff Management:Radio Link Transfer 1 Network Signalling, cell splitting, cell 2 sectoring, Co-channel interference Introduction to GSM System GSM Characteristics and service aspects 1 GSM Architecture 1 Speech Encoding and Modulation 1 Logical Channels and Security aspect 1 GSM network signaling and Protocol Model 1 GSM Mobility Management 1 Introduction to GPRS GPRS Architecture and interfaces 2 GPRS Network Nodes 2 2nd term Mobile data communication Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11 Standard 2 Mobile IP 1 Overview of WAP WAP & its Architecture 1 WAP Protocol Details 2 3G Mobile Services IMT 2000 Vision 1 No. of Lectures References

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1 1 1 1 4, 5

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

1,2 1,2 2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2

14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

2,3 2,3 1,3 1,3 1,2,3

19. WCDMA & CDMA 2000 20. Quality and services in 3 G 3rd Term Overview of WLL 21. WLL Architecture 22. WLL Technologies 23. 24. 25. 26.

2 1

1,2,3 1,2,3

1 1 Global Mobile Satellite Systems Case studies IRIDIUM & Glob Star 2 Wireless Enterprise Networks Virtual Networks 2 Bluetooth Technology 1 Bluetooth Protocol Stack 2

1 1 1,2,3 1 1,3 1,3

Books :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Yi-Bing Lin & Imrich Chlamtac, Wireless and Mobile Networks Architectures, John Wiley & Sons, 2001. Raj Pandya, Mobile and Personal Communication systems and services, Prentice Hall of India, 2001. Jochen Schiller ,Mobile Communications, Pearson Education, 2001. Pahlavan and Krishnamurthy, Principles of Wireless Networks, Pearson Education, 2003
Theodore S Rappaport, Wireless Communication Principles and Practice, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 1st Tern Mobile Computing E.C.E 7 Semester Date of Submission:
1) What are the two major parts of typical PCS Network architecture? 2) What are the differences between cellular and low tier PCS or cordless telephony? Can we deploy public low tier PCS services as we can cellular services? 3) What is handoff? What is roaming? How do you perform handoff during roaming?

4) Existing cellular system utilizes two level database structure (i.e. HLR & VLR) to support roaming management. Is it appropriate to implement a cellular system with a single level database structure? 5) Why is SS7 classified as a common channel signalling protocol? What are the main elements in the SS7 architecture? Describe them. 6) What are ISUP messages usually used for? Can we implement IS-41 registration procedure using ISUP? 7) Prove that for a hexagonal geometry, the co-channel reuse ratio is given by Q=3N, where N= i2+ij+j2 8) If 20 MHz of total spectrum is allocated for a duplex wireless cellular system and each simplex channel has 25 KHz rf bandwidth, Find (a)The number of duplex channels. (b)Total number of channels per site, if N = 4 cell reuse is used. 9) Show that if N = 4, a cell can be split into four smaller cells, each with half the radius and1/16 of transmitted power of the original cell. If the extensive measurement show that the path loss exponent is three how should the transmitted power be changed in the order to split a cell into four smaller cells? What impact will that have on cellular geometry? Explain your answer with diagrams. 10) What is the difference between soft handoff and hard handoff?

ASSIGNMENT NO. 2 1st Tern Mobile Computing E.C.E 7 Semester Date of Submission:
1) What are the modifications require to an existing GSM Network to be upgraded to GPRS? Explain with the help of neat block diagram. 2) Describe the functions of MS and SIM. Why does GSM separate the MS & SIM? How and where is user related data is stored in GSN System? How is user data protected from unauthorized access over the air interface. 3) What is meant by frequency reuse? Explain the functions of BS, MSC and MS in a cellular network. 4) Explain role of EIR in GSM Network. 5) Draw GSM TDMA frame format. 6) Explain the QoS attributes in GPRS system. 7) Describe how data encryption is done in GSM system, with diagram explaining the role of SIM, A3, A5 and A8 algorithm. 8) What is ISM band? What is its frequency? 9) What are different interfaces in GPRS Network? 10) Describe how GPRS would increase the utilization of a GSM Network.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 3 2ndTerm Mobile Computing E.C.E 7 Semester Date of Submission:

1) What are the design guidelines for WAP? What are the disadvantages of implementing TCP/IP directly over the mobile network? 2) Describe WAP Protocol stack. In which situation is WTP is not used. 3) Describe distillation. Which layer of WAP implements this mechanism? 4) List the entities of mobile IP and describe data transfer from a mobile node to a fixed node and vice-versa. Why and where encapsulation is is needed. 5) What are the advantages does the use of IPv6 offer for mobility? Where are the entities of mobility IP now? 6) Name the requirements for a mobile IP and justify them. Does mobile IP fulfill all of them? 7) What is the significance of WAP gateway? 8) What is the alternative of implementing Home Agent (HA) in mobile IP? 9) List the problems associated with reverse tunneling. 10) Explain the need for mobile IP.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 4 2nd Tern Mobile Computing E.C.E 7 Semester Date of Submission:
1) of WML What is the fundamental difference of WML compared to HTML? Why is this difference important with respect to handheld devices? What is specified in addition to save bandwidth? 2) Why has a scripting language been added to WML? How can this language help saving bandwidth and reducing delay? 3) Define decks and cards in WML. 4) Write a program in WML to display a table of 2 rows and three columns. 5) Create a WML card can be set up to display the text formatting functions. 6) Create a WML card to let a user enter information like Name, Age and e-mail address. 7) What is WML Script? 8) List the basic features of WML. 9) List capabilities supported by WMLScript that not supported by WML. 10) Give some standard libraries of WMLScript.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 5 2nd Tern Mobile Computing E.C.E 7 Semester Date of Submission:

1) Explain with the help of an example hoe a call is set up in the GLOBALSTAR system. 2) Compare LEO, MEO,GEO based global mobile satellite systems on the basis of their technologies and features 3) How is communication established between users in GLOBALSTAR and IRIDIUM systems? 4) Discuss the layered architecture supported by bluetooth technology 5) In an enterprise location system, we observe tht when the user movement pattern is more irregular than the potential of losing a call becomes smaller. Explain 6) Give the architecture of virtual networks. 7) What are bluetooth core protocols. Disscuss the bluetooth protocol stack? 8) Write a short note on virtual networks.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 6 2nd Tern Mobile Computing E.C.E 7 Semester Date of Submission:

1) What is the most important reason to use WLL instead of its wireline counterpart? 2) What are main modules specified in TR-45 WLL reference model? 3) Discuss four major technologies for WLL systems. What are advantages and disadvantages of these approaches? 4) Explain the WLL architecture in detail. Explain the functioning of WANU, WASU and standard network interface. 5) Discuss the issues considered in WLL development so as to compete with other local loop technologies. 6) Design a system that accommodates both public mobile services and WLL in this design. 7) Compare GEO, MEO and LEO. Which of these technologies for WLL need to implement handoff? 8) Differentiate between WCDMA and CDMA2000 with the help of a diagram & service.

ASSIGNMENT NO. 7 3rd Tern Mobile Computing E.C.E 7 Semester Date of Submission:

1) Summarize the main features of 3rd generation mobile phones systems. How do you achieve higher capabilities and higher data rate. 2) Enumerate QOS provided in 3G keeping in view the IMT-2000 Vision 3) Draw IMT-2000 frequency bands. Why W-CDMA has been chosen for IMT2000. 4) Briefly comment on advantages and improvements of IMT-2000 systems over 2G systems. 5) Discuss the message flow for 1st registration with GLR. 6) Comparison of W-CDMA & CDMA2000 in terms of technologies. 7) What are the differences between the W-CDMA trial systems by Nortel & Ericsson ? 8) What are criteria for evaluating 3G handset design?

RET
Code No.: ETCS 413 Paper: Requirements & Estimation Techniques L 3 T 1 C 4

INSTRUCTIONS TO PAPER SETTERS: MAXIMUM MARKS: 75 1. Question No. 1 should be compulsory and cover the entire syllabus. This question should have objective or short answer type questions. It should be of 25 marks. 2. Apart from question no. 1, rest of the paper shall consist of four units as per the syllabus. Every unit should have two questions. However, student may be asked to attempt only 1 question from each unit. Each question should be of 12.5 marks.

UNIT I Requirements engineering: Requirements Elicitation, Requirement Elicitation techniques, Requirement Analysis, Requirement Analysis Models, Requirement Documentation, Requirement Management, IEEE Std. For SRS [No. of Hrs.: 10] UNIT - II Size Estimation: Function Point Analysis, Mask II FPA, LOC estimation, Conversion between size measures [No. of Hrs.: 12] UNIT - III Effort, schedule & cost estimation: Estimation factors, COCOMO-II, Putnam Estimation Model, Estimation by Analogy, Validating Software Estimates [No. of Hrs.: 12] UNIT - IV Introduction to software life cycle, management activities in software project Tools: Software Estimation Tools Industry Resources; IFPUG, UQAM-SEMRL, COSMIC, IEEE, COCOMO[No. of Hrs.: 10]

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Swapna Kishore, Rajesh Naik, Software Requirements and Estimation, TMH, 1992. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. K.K. Aggarwal & Yogesh Singh, "Software Engineering", 2nd Ed., New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, 2005. 2. Roger Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioiners Approach, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1992.

ASSIGNMENT NO 1 :REQUIREMENT ENGINEERING

Q1.What are the steps for a software project? Explain each step briefly? Q2. What is requirement ? Distinguish between functional and nonfunctional requirements? Q3. What are the various activities involved in requirement management? Q4 Describe the tasks involved in requirement elicitation? Q5.Justify-Waterfall model is the base unit of all other life cycle models? Q6. What is DFD and how is it best used ? Q7.What all does requirement comprise of ? Q8.What is Project Quality Assurance? Q9Explain any three Requirement Elicitation Techniques in detail? Q10. Write short note on following: (1)CORE (2)JAD (3)QFD (4)SSM (5)DFD (6)ERD (7)STD (8)USE CASES (9)SRS (10)SOFTWARE LIFE CYCLE Q11. What are the common problems problems with an SRS? Q12. Write IEEE standards for SRS?

REQUIREMENTS & ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES Question bank

1.Explain the following in brief: (a ) JAD (b)QFD (c ) SSM (d) COSMIC (e) Use cases (f) COCOTS (g) CORADMO (h) COQUALMO (I ) Reyliegh Curve (j)COPROMO 2.Explain Software Lifecycle ? 3.Explain the various management activitiesin a software project.

4.What is requirement engineering? 5.Write short note on management Activities in a software project. 6.Describe characteristics of the SRS Document. 7. Write IEEE standards for SRS. 8. For your college library system, write the SRS document following the IEEE standards. 9.Explain Function Point Analysis. 10. What is Mark II FPA? 11. Explain LOC Estimation. 12.Compute Function pont Value for a project with the following information domain characteristics: No.of user inputs=30,user outputs=42,user enquieries=08,no.of files=07,external files=06.Assume all complexity adjustment factor are moderate. 13. Explain Requirement Elication techniques. 14. Write a short note on advantages and disadvantages of counting Function points. 15.List the activities in Requirement definition and requirement management of requirement engineering. 16. Give the advantages and disadvantages of IFPUGs FPA method? How is Mark II FPA method more accurate than IFPUG FPA method. 17.How do we determine the complexity of different function points and discuss the procedure of counting the enhancement project function points using IFPUGs FPA method. 18.Write an example documentation for elicitation of any functional requirements of any s/w system as per the methodology developed by Horst Kittel? 19.What are the various stages in Soft System methodology? Explain. 20.Which are the additional GSCs in Mark II FPA method which are not included in IFPUG FPA method? 21.Discuss various stages in Change Management Process?How do you maintain requirement s Tracability and give advantages of it. 22. Calibrate the accuracy and suitability of formula VAf=(UFP *0.001)+0.65 based on rating of 14 GSCs? 23. Describe what an SRS should cover and give a possible table of contents of SRS. 24 Describe desirable features of requirements management tools. 25. What is MARK II FPA method and how is it different from IFPUG method for Function Point analysis? 26. What is change management and why is it required? 27. Explain Requirement analysis Models. 28.Expand the following terms: (1) CCB,(2)ILF.(3)IBIS,(4)BLC,(5)COCOTS 29. Write short note on following: (a) Caliber RM

(b)XTie-RT (c )Vital Link (d)Requisite Pro 30. Describe any three Requirement Elicitation Techniques? 31. Describe pros and cons of prototyping? 32. What is the importance of prototyping in analysis? 33. What is productivity ? What factors does productivity depend on? 34. Both over estimation and under estimation are costly. Explain. 35.Explain complexity as Estimator? 36. Explain in brief Putnum Estimation model and its importance in estimation. 37.Explain behavior of software projects and Norden Rayliegh curve. 38 What is process? What are the benefits of a process oriented approach ? Why is a process- oriented approach especially relevant for software projects as compared to a product- oriented approach?What are the advantages and disadvantages of Function points? 40. Write the Watson and Felix Model. 41. Write a note on Full function Points. 42. Describe Requirement Elicitation by Brainstorming and Interviewing methods? 43.Describe Object points and explain how they can be computed? 44.What are scaling factors used in COCOMO II? Explain each scaling factor .How do these differ from effort multipliers? 45.Compute the unadjusted function points for the following: No. of external i/p=13 No. of external o/p=7 No. of external inquery=7 No. of internal logical files=5 No. of external interface files=2 46.Discuss the technique for s/w size estimation based on team of experts? 47.Write a short note on (a) Process Maturity (b)Validating Software Estimates. . 48. Explain Quality Function Deployment? 49. What are the various Requirement analysis models? Explain each of them. 50. Explain the estimation factors which effect the productivity? 51. Briefly Explain Estimation by anology . ********************************

MULTIMEDIA

Code No.:

ETCS 312

L 3

T 1

C 4

Paper: Multimedia Technologies

INSTRUCTIONS TO PAPER SETTERS: MAXIMUM MARKS: 75 1. Question No. 1 should be compulsory and cover the entire syllabus. This question should have objective or short answer type questions. It should be of 25 marks. 2. Apart from question no. 1, rest of the paper shall consist of four units as per the syllabus. Every unit should have two questions. However, student may be asked to attempt only 1 question from each unit. Each question should be of 12.5 marks.

UNIT I Introductory Concepts: Multimedia Definitions, CD-ROM and the Multimedia Highway, Uses of Multimedia, Introduction to making multimedia The Stages of project, the requirements to make good multimedia, Multimedia skills and training, Training opportunities in Multimedia. Motivation for multimedia usage, Frequency domain analysis, Application Domain & ODA etc. Multimedia-Hardware and Software: Multimedia Hardware Macintosh and Windows production Platforms, Hardware peripherals Connections, Memory and storage devices, Media software Basic tools, making instant multimedia, Multimedia software and Authoring tools, Production Standards. [No. of Hrs.: 11] UNIT II Multimedia making it work multimedia building blocks Text, Sound, Images, Animation and Video, Digitization of Audio and Video objects, Data Compression: Different Compression algorithms concern to text, audio, video and images etc., Working Exposure on Tools like Dream Weaver, 3D Effects, Flash Etc., [No. of Hrs.: 11] UNIT III
Multimedia and the Internet: History, Internet working, Connections, Internet Services, The World Wide Web, Tools for the WWW Web Servers, Web Browsers, Web page makers and editors, Plug-Ins and Delivery Vehicles, HTML, VRML, Designing for the WWW Working on the Web, Multimedia Applications Media Communication, Media Consumption, Media Entertainment, Media games. [No. of Hrs.: 11]

UNIT IV Multimedia-looking towards Future: Digital Communication and New Media, Interactive Television, Digital Broadcasting, Digital Radio, Multimedia Conferencing, Assembling and delivering a project-planning and costing, Designing and Producing, content and talent, Delivering, CD-ROM technology. [No. of Hrs.: 11]

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Steve Heath, Multimedia & Communication Systems, Focal Press, UK, 1999. 2. Tay Vaughan, Multimedia: Making it work, TMH, 1999. 3. K. Andleigh and K. Thakkar, Multimedia System Design, PHI, PTR, 2000. REFERENCES BOOKS: 1. Keyes, Multimedia Handbook, TMH, 2000. 2. Ralf Steinmetz and Klara Naharstedt, Multimedia: Computing, Communications & Applications, Pearson, 2001. 3. Steve Rimmer, Advanced Multimedia Programming, MHI, 2000.

Practical Questions in Multimedia Technologies Practical I (Familiarization of basic objects to be used for animated movies)

1. What are the various hardware platform available for multimedia? 2. On what criteria you would emphasize while selecting a multimedia computer system? 3. Explain Card and Page based Authoring tools with Examples? 4. An audio signal is digitized at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, a bit depth of 16 and in stereo mode. Calculate the space occupied by 1 minute of the audio and its data rate for playback? 5. An audio signal is recorded on a computer in stereo mode using a bit-depth of B such that its data rate is R KB/sec. Find an expression for the average frequency of the signal? 6. An audio clip has a duration of 8 minutes. The highest frequency in the soud wave is 15 kHz. This is to be sampled using 8 bits per sample and in stereo mode. Calculate the file size. Mention any assumptions made? 7. Consider a TV camera where the maximum intensity of a color signal is represented by 1 volt. An unsaturated magneta signal is formed by mixing 70% R, 20% G and 60% B. What is the luminance output voltage for the signal? What would this value be if the magenta color is saturated?

Practical II (Make a movie with motion and shape tweening)

8. How CD is different from DVD. Discuss about recent development in RAM technologies? 9. What is optical disc? How it is different from magnetic optical disk? 10. Differentiate between the STP and UTP cables with their advantages and disadvantages?

11. An NTSC encoded video clip has a frame size 720 480 pixels and is digitized using a bit-depth of 8 bits for each of Y, Cb and Cr and a chroma sub-sampling scheme of 4:2:2. Calculate the file size of 1minute of the video clip and the total time taken for it to be transmitted over a 2 Mbps transmission line? 12. An MPEG-1 video has a frame sequence : IBBPBBPBBPBBI. Determine the size of GOP. Derive the transmission sequence of the frames? 13. A digitized video is to be compressed using the MPEG-1 standard. Assuming a frame sequence of IBBPBBPBBPBBI and average compression ratios of10:1 (I), 20:1 (P) and 50:1 (B) derive average bit rate generated by the encoder for both the NTSC and PAL formats? 14. What do you mean by entropy of information? Find the entropy of string bbbbbb where the probability of b is = 1/16?

Practical III(Make a movie with different scenes)

15. Differentiate between the BMP, JPG, GIF and TIFF image file formats mentioning where each is used? 16. The colors of an image may appear different on two different monitors. Explain whether true or false? 17. Explain how a time domain signal is converted to frequency domain by Forward DCT? 18. What is a basis function? Explain the nature of the sine and cosine basis functions in DFT? 19. A CD-ROM contains 333000 block to be played back in 74 minutes. Calculate the data rate and capacity of the CD-ROM when operating in (a) Mode 1 (b) Mode 2 333000 blocks are played back in 74 minutes? 20. Calculate the file size for 1 minute, 44.1 KHz, 16-bits, stereo sound file?

Practical IV (Make a movie with sound effects)

21. What is dynamic range and how does it influence the number of bits to be used for the quantizer? 22. What is meant by the vertical scan rate of a monitor? How is it related to the horizontal scan rate? 23. Explain Frame Replenishment and Motion Compensation for video compression? 24. What are the main functions of the video adapter card? How is the card connected to the monitor?

Practical V (Make a movie to stop terrorism in India)

25. An analog signal containing components with frequency values raging from 50 Hz to 5 KHz, is to samples. Determine the sampling frequency and the bandwidth of the band-limiting filter? 26. An analog audio signal has a dynamic range of 50 dB. Determine the magnitude of the quantization noise relative to the minimum signal amplitude if the quantizer uses; (a) 3 bits and (b) 16 bits? 27. A 15 inch monitor with an aspect ratio of 4:3 has a pixel addressability of 800 600. Calculate its resolution? 28. A monitor can display 4 shades of red, 8 shades of blue and 16 shades of green. Find out the color depth supported by the monitor?

Practical VI (Make a movie and watch in 3D space)

29. What determines the total number of colors that can be displayed on a monitor and how?

30. What is RIAA equalization curve? 31. Explain the main aspects of the MIDI specifications? 32. Explain how compression is achieved in the MP3 format using relevant block diagrams? 33. Write a note on Quick Time? How Quick Time is de-factor standard for video? 34. What are the various modes of JPEG encoding schemes? Explain JPEG image compression standard? 35. Explain what is a Macroblock and GOP in MPEG-1 video compression scheme? 36. Explain the significance of the quantization step in JPEG compression scheme? 37. Explain following terms associated with digital sound: (i) Sample rate (iii) Bit Resolution (v) Clipping (ii) Sample size (iv) Quantization (vi) Noise Practical VII (Make a Jurassic Park III )

38. How is lossy achieved using the GIF standard. Is it a lossy or loss-less? 39. Explain digital audio file formats? Explain. 40. Discuss the use of text in multimedia. Explain the term hypermedia and Hypertext? 41. What is sampling? Explain the sampling variable. (a) Discuss the detail about the characteristics of various image formats. (b) Explain the Shannon Fano and Huffman algorithm and also determine the Huffman and Shannon Fano code for following variables whose frequecies given below: A 20 B 30 C 50 D 35 E 70 F 10 G 05

42. What is dictionary based compression? Show all the steps of LZW compression including dictionary formation for the text string AB$ABA$ABA$ABAAC$AB

43. A monitor has a pixel addressability of 800 600 and a color depth of 24 bits. Calculate the minimum amount of display memory required on its adapter card to display an image on the screen? 44. A GIF image occupies a rectangular area of A inch by B inch on a monitor screen. The resolution of the monitor is C dpi. What is the file size of the image in KB? The dimensions of the image is A inch B inch? 45. Consider an image of dimensions 640 480 and color depth of 16 bits. If this image is to be transmitted along a 56 kbps line from a Web server, calculate how long it would take before the entire image is visible on the screen? Practical IX (Make a movie on Literacy rate in India)

46. What are sockets? How can I detect that the other end of a TCP connection has created? 47. Can TCP keep alive timeouts be configured? Are there object-oriented network programming tools? 48. Explain the Update procedure for encoding the message [aardvark], where our alphabet consists of 26 lower letters of English alphabets. Give Flowchart of the procedure. 49. Write a short note on Silence compression/ 50. What is the role of Multiple monitors in image processing? 51. Calculate the file size in bytes for a 10 second recordingat 20.05 KHz, 8-bit resolution monophonic sound? 52. Give the alphabet {a,b} with P (a) = , P (b) = , Code the sequence abc? 53. What is the principle of Arithmatic code? Generate the tag interval for alphabet A = {a1, a2, a3} with P(a1) = 0.7, P(a2) = 0.1 and P(a3) = 0.2? 54. A document contains letters A through F with frequencies as indicated: A : 0.25, B : 0.1, C : 0.2, D : 0.15, E : 0.26, F : 0.04

Question Bank in Multimedia Technologies

Numericals

1. An analog signal containing components with frequency values raging from 50 Hz to 5 KHz, is to samples. Determine the sampling frequency and the bandwidth of the band-limiting filter? 2. An analog audio signal has a dynamic range of 50 dB. Determine the magnitude of the quantization noise relative to the minimum signal amplitude if the quantizer uses; (a) 3 bits and (b) 16 bits? 3. A 15 inch monitor with an aspect ratio of 4:3 has a pixel addressability of 800 600. Calculate its resolution? 4. A monitor can display 4 shades of red, 8 shades of blue and 16 shades of green. Find out the color depth supported by the monitor? 5. A monitor has a pixel addressability of 800 600 and a color depth of 24 bits. Calculate the minimum amount of display memory required on its adapter card to display an image on the screen? 6. A GIF image occupies a rectangular area of A inch by B inch on a monitor screen. The resolution of the monitor is C dpi. What is the file size of the image in KB? The dimensions of the image is A inch B inch? 7. Consider an image of dimensions 640 480 and color depth of 16 bits. If this image is to be transmitted along a 56 kbps line from a Web server, calculate how long it would take before the entire image is visible on the screen? 8. An audio signal is digitized at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, a bit depth of 16 and in stereo mode. Calculate the space occupied by 1 minute of the audio and its data rate for playback? 9. An audio signal is recorded on a computer in stereo mode using a bit-depth of B such that its data rate is R KB/sec. Find an expression for the average frequency of the signal?

10. An audio clip has a duration of 8 minutes. The highest frequency in the soud wave is 15 kHz. This is to be sampled using 8 bits per sample and in stereo mode. Calculate the file size. Mention any assumptions made? 11. Consider a TV camera where the maximum intensity of a color signal is represented by 1 volt. An unsaturated magneta signal is formed by mixing 70% R, 20% G and 60% B. What is the luminance output voltage for the signal? What would this value be if the magenta color is saturated? 12. An NTSC encoded video clip has a frame size 720 480 pixels and is digitized using a bit-depth of 8 bits for each of Y, Cb and Cr and a chroma sub-sampling scheme of 4:2:2. Calculate the file size of 1minute of the video clip and the total time taken for it to be transmitted over a 2 Mbps transmission line? 13. An MPEG-1 video has a frame sequence : IBBPBBPBBPBBI. Determine the size of GOP. Derive the transmission sequence of the frames? 14. A digitized video is to be compressed using the MPEG-1 standard. Assuming a frame sequence of IBBPBBPBBPBBI and average compression ratios of10:1 (I), 20:1 (P) and 50:1 (B) derive average bit rate generated by the encoder for both the NTSC and PAL formats? 15. What do you mean by entropy of information? Find the entropy of string bbbbbb where the probability of b is = 1/16? 16. A CD-ROM contains 333000 block to be played back in 74 minutes. Calculate the data rate and capacity of the CD-ROM when operating in (a) Mode 1 (b) Mode 2 333000 blocks are played back in 74 minutes? 17. Calculate the file size for 1 minute, 44.1 KHz, 16-bits, stereo sound file? 18. Calculate the file size in bytes for a 10 second recordingat 20.05 KHz, 8-bit resolution monophonic sound? 19. Give the alphabet {a,b} with P (a) = , P (b) = , Code the sequence abc? 20. What is the principle of Arithmatic code? Generate the tag interval for alphabet A = {a1, a2, a3} with P(a1) = 0.7, P(a2) = 0.1 and P(a3) = 0.2? 21. A document contains letters A through F with frequencies as indicated: A : 0.25, B : 0.1, C : 0.2, D : 0.15, E : 0.26, F : 0.04

Theoretical

22. What are the various hardware platform available for multimedia? 23. On what criteria you would emphasize while selecting a multimedia computer system? 24. Explain Card and Page based Authoring tools with Examples? 25. How CD is different from DVD. Discuss about recent development in RAM technologies? 26. What is optical disc? How it is different from magnetic optical disk? 27. Differentiate between the STP and UTP cables with their advantages and disadvantages? 28. Differentiate between the BMP, JPG, GIF and TIFF image file formats mentioning where each is used? 29. The colors of an image may appear different on two different monitors. Explain whether true or false? 30. Explain how a time domain signal is converted to frequency domain by Forward DCT? 31. What is a basis function? Explain the nature of the sine and cosine basis functions in DFT? 32. What is dynamic range and how does it influence the number of bits to be used for the quantizer? 33. What is meant by the vertical scan rate of a monitor? How is it related to the horizontal scan rate? 34. Explain Frame Replenishment and Motion Compensation for video compression? 35. What are the main functions of the video adapter card? How is the card connected to the monitor? 36. What determines the total number of colors that can be displayed on a monitor and how? 37. What is RIAA equalization curve?

38. Explain the main aspects of the MIDI specifications? 39. Explain how compression is achieved in the MP3 format using relevant block diagrams? 40. Write a note on Quick Time? How Quick Time is de-factor standard for video? 41. What are the various modes of JPEG encoding schemes? Explain JPEG image compression standard? 42. Explain what is a Macroblock and GOP in MPEG-1 video compression scheme? 43. Explain the significance of the quantization step in JPEG compression scheme? 44. Explain following terms associated with digital sound: (i) Sample rate (iii) Bit Resolution (v) Clipping (ii) Sample size (iv) Quantization (vi) Noise

45. How is lossy achieved using the GIF standard. Is it a lossy or loss-less? 46. Explain digital audio file formats? Explain. 47. Discuss the use of text in multimedia. Explain the term hypermedia and Hypertext? 48. What is sampling? Explain the sampling variable. (a) Discuss the detail about the characteristics of various image formats. (b) Explain the Shannon Fano and Huffman algorithm and also determine the Huffman and Shannon Fano code for following variables whose frequecies given below: A 20 B 30 C 50 D 35 E 70 F 10 G 05

49. What is dictionary based compression? Show all the steps of LZW compression including dictionary formation for the text string AB$ABA$ABA$ABAAC$AB 50. What are sockets? How can I detect that the other end of a TCP connection has created? 51. Can TCP keep alive timeouts be configured? Are there object-oriented network programming tools?

52. Explain the Update procedure for encoding the message [aardvark], where our alphabet consists of 26 lower letters of English alphabets. Give Flowchart of the procedure. 53. Write a short note on Silence compression/ 54. What is the role of Multiple monitors in image processing?

REFERENCES 1. S. Deering. Host extensions for IP Multicasting, 1998. RFC 1112, available at http://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfcl 112.txt. 2. R. Braudes and S. Zabele. Requirements for multicast protocols, 2003. RFC 1458, available at http://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc 1458.txt 3. Frank Gadegast et al. The MPEG-FAQ version 4.1, June 1999. available at ftp://rtrm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/mpeg-faq/. 4. Leonardo Chiariglione. The development of an integrated audiovisual coding standard: MPEG. Proceedings of the 34(no. 4), April 2001. 5. Andy C. Hung. PVRG-P64 CODEC 1.1, 1999. available at

ftp://havefun.stanford.edu/pub/p64/ 6. Brace Sterling. Short history of the Internet, 200. available at

gopher://gopher.isoc.org:70/00internet/history/short.history.of.internet. 7. Didier Le Gall. MPEG: A video compression standard for multimedia applications. Communications of the ACM, vol. 34(no. 4), April 2001. 8. Audiovisual Interactive (AVI) Systems General Introduction, Principles, Concepts and Models, ITU-T Draft Recommendation T.170, Second Revision, Geneva, Nov. 16-25, 2003. 9. N.S. Borenstein, MIME: A Pertable and Robust Multimedia Format for Internet Mail ACM Multimedia Systems. Vol. 1. 1993. Springer. New York, pp. 29-36. 10. ISO/IEC IS 10918:1992, Information Technology Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images(JPEG).