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Summary of Convergence and Divergence Tests For Series

This document summarizes several common tests used to determine if an infinite series converges or diverges, including the nth-term test, geometric series test, p-series test, integral test, comparison test, ratio test, root test, alternating series test, and absolute convergence test. Each test lists the conditions required for a series to converge or diverge and provides brief comments on applications and limitations of each test.

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803 views1 page

Summary of Convergence and Divergence Tests For Series

This document summarizes several common tests used to determine if an infinite series converges or diverges, including the nth-term test, geometric series test, p-series test, integral test, comparison test, ratio test, root test, alternating series test, and absolute convergence test. Each test lists the conditions required for a series to converge or diverge and provides brief comments on applications and limitations of each test.

Uploaded by

aleybani
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summary of Convergence and Divergence Tests for Series

Test Series Convergence or Divergence Comments


n
th
-term a
n
Diverges if lim
n
o
n
u
Inconclusive if
lim
n
o
n
= u
Geometric
series
ar
n-1

n=1

(i) Converges with sum S =
u
1-
if |r| < 1
(ii) Diverges if |r| 1
Useful for comparison
tests if the n
th
term o
n

of series is similar to
or
n-1
.
p xer|ex
(i) Converges if p > 1
(ii) Diverges if p 1
Useful for comparison
tests if the n
th
term o
n

of series is similar to
1
n
p

Integral
(i) Converges if (x)Jx

1
converges
(ii) Diverges if (x)Jx

1
diverges
The function obtained
from o
n
= (n) must be
continuous, positive,
decreasing, and readily
integrable.
Comparison a
n

a
n
>0
, h
n

h
n
>0

(i) If b
n
converges and o
n
b
n
for every n, then
o
n
converges.
(ii) If b
n
diverges and o
n
b
n
for every n, then o
n

diverges.
(iii) If lim
n
(
u
n
b
n
) = c for some positive real number c
,then both series converge or both diverge.

The comparison series
b
n
is often a geometric
series or a p-series. To
find b
n
in (iii), consider
only the terms of o
n
that
have the greatest effect
on the magnitude.
Ratio
If lim
n

u
n+1
u
n
= I ( or ) ,the series

(i) converges ( absolutely ) if I < 1.
(ii) diverges if I > 1 ( or ).
Inconclusive if I = 1
Useful if o
n
involves
factorials or n
th
powers.
If o
n
> 0 for every n, the
absolute value sign may
be disregarded.
Root
If lim
n
|o
n
|
n
= I ( or ) ,the series

(i) converges ( absolutely ) if I < 1.
(ii) diverges if I > 1 ( or ).
Inconclusive if I = 1
Useful if o
n
involves n
th

powers.
If o
n
> 0 for every n, the
absolute value sign may
be disregarded.
Alternating
series
( 1 )
n
a
n
a
n
>0

Converges if o
k
o
k+1
for every k and
lim
n
o
n
= u
Applicable only to an
alternating series.
|a
n
| a
n
If |o
n
| converges, then o
n
converges.
Useful for series that
contain both positive and
negative terms
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