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Engineering Hydrology

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282 views134 pages

Engineering Hydrology

Uploaded by

Fitsum Berhe
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MJ. Hall Lecture Notes HHo28/96/1 Engineering Hydrology ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY NOTES, 1996-1997 LIST OF CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 References 6 Exercises 6 2. WEATHER SYSTEMS 7 2.1 The Formation of Precipitation 7 2.2 Precipitation-producing Weather Systems 8 2.3 Evaporation R References 2 3. PRECIPITATION 14 3.1 The Measurement of Precipitation 14 3.2 Estimation of Areal Average Precipitation 15 3.2.1 The arithmetic mean 16 3.2.2 The Thiessen method 16 3.2.3 The isohyetal method 17 3.3 Precipitation Data for Engineering Design 18 3.3.1 General concepts of exceedance probability and risk 18 3.3.2 Characteristics of storm rainfall 19 3.4 Probable Maximum Precipitation 2 References 23 Exercises 24 Coursework 25 4. EVAPORATION 26 4.1 The Earth’s Heat Balance 26 4.2 Measurement of Evaporation 30 4.3 Estimation of Evaporation 32 4.4 Estimation of Potential Evaporation 35 4.5 Estimation of Actual Evaporation 38 References 39 Coursework 40 Annex 4.1 Tables 4 5. MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE FLOWS 45 5.1 Introduction 45 5.2 The Estimation of Discharge 46 5.2.1 Preamble 46 5.2.2 The velocity-area method 47 5.2.3 Chemical dilution gauging 53 5.3 The Rating Curve 56 5.4 Artificial Controls and Measuring Structures 61 Engineering Hydrology Notes Page i

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