Management of Septic Abortion and Complications
Management of Septic Abortion and Complications
Management of Septic Abortion and Complications
SEPTIC ABORTION
AND COMPLICATIONS
BY
Crystalloids or colloids
Blood transfusion as necessary
Strict input/output chart
Antibiotics-Triple Regimen;
Intraveinous Ampicillin 1-2gm 6hrly for 24- 48hrs
Metronidazole 500mg 8hrly for 24-
48hrs
TREATMENT Continued
Other useful antibiotics;
Cephalosporins-I.V. cefuroxime 750-1500mg 6-8 hourly
for 24-72 hrs, Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin 400mg daily
Evacuate the uterus after 24hrs of commencement of
antibiotics.
Switch over to oral antibiotics when appropriate as
determined by culture and sensitivity results.
ERPC should be done under general anaesthesia and
extreme cautioned should be taken not to perforate the
uterus if it has not been perforated already.
Analgesia;
I.M Pethidine 100mg 4-6 hrly with I.M promethazine 25mg
8-12hrly 24-48hrs
Tetanus prophylaxis;
Tetanus toxoid 0.5mg stat, Human Immuno Tetanus
Globulin 250-500 I.U. Stat
Management of
complications
SEPTIC SHOCK
_Caused by release of toxins by organisms
such as E.Coli, Klebsiella, Proteus
,Bacteriods etc
-affects small vessels- cvs collapse.
Clinical features
Warm extremities.
Hypotension-in the face of adequate fluid
replacement.
Other evidence of sepsis.
Sensorial imparment or coma
Treatment of septic
Treatment shock
Adequate infusion of crystalloids, colloids, blood
transfusion
Refractory shock
-Drainage of abscesses
-irrigation of abdomen with normal saline
-Fascia closed with non absorbable sutures
-Massive Antibiotics
Haemorrhage/ DIC
-inappropriate activation of the coagulation and
fibrinolytic system
Causes
-septic abortion
-septicaemia
-massive blood transfusion
-saline induced abortion
Mx
Release of tissue thromboplastins and bacteria
endotoxins
Clinical features
Generalized bleeding, localized
purpura, petechia and
thromboembolic phenomenon, fever,
hypotension, proteinuria, frank
Mgt. Of Haemorrhage &
Investigations DIC
-Low platelets <100,000/ml
-Increased prothrombin time
-low fibrinogen <150mg/dl
-clotting time elevated
-bleeding time elevated
-fibrin degradation products elevated
Treatment
-Correction of underlying dx
-supportive treament
-correction of shock, acidiosis
-cardiopulmonary support
-fresh whole blood transfusion –massive haemorrhage
-platelet transfusion-platelet count < 50,000/ml
-subcutanous low dose heparin-intravascular clotting process
-contraindicated in fulminant D.I.C. and liver failure.
Prognosis
Good when treatment is started early
If after uterine evacuation, haemorrhage is refractory( after
correcting DIC) then exploratory laparotomy is indicated-
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
Urinary output < 30mls per hour despite
adequate hydration and blood transfusion
Deranged electrolyte, urea and creatinine
When diagnosis is made,
-refer to renal unit as early as possible.
MGT OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
Initial treatment:
Adequate hydration; fluid challenge with 200-250
mls of mannitol or I.V. frusemide 100-200mg.
Restrict fluid, institute renal failure regimen, high
CHO, low protein ,low potassium.
Dialysis:
Haemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis
PREVENTION
Preventable cause of maternal
mortality and morbidity
This involves:
- prevention of unwanted
pregnancies
- increasing access to safe abortion
practices
- effective management of abortion
complications through post abortal
care
Prevention of Unsafe
Abortion
Preventable cause of maternal
mortality and morbidity
This involves:
- prevention of unwanted
pregnancies
- increasing access to safe abortion
practices
- effective management of abortion
complications through post abortal
care
Levels of prevention
Primary
-provision of reproductive health
information and choices
-prevention of unplanned and unwanted
pregnancies
-provision of quality sexuality education to
all ages.
-Provision of sustainable contraceptive
delivery service.
- National policies on adolescent
reproductive health should be formulated
Secondary
-programmes /activities aimed at
providing information and counseling to
women experiencing unwanted
pregnancy
N/B: Not available b/c of restrictive laws
Tertiary care
-Provision of services for treatment of
complications of unsafe abortion in
10,20 and 30 health facilities.
POST ABORTAL CARE
-Empathetic & compassionate
-Pre-procedure counselling of women
Quality management with MVA
Post procedure counselling to encourage
use of contraceptives to prevent repeat
abortions including effective linkages to
family planning services.
Most of the reduction in abortion related
morbidity and mortality that has occurred
in Africa in the last couple of years an be
attributed to the introduction of post
abortion care services.
The EXPANDED CONCEPT OF PAC is the
training of service providers especially
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