1

1
RAID s available in Linux

RAID 0 (striping without parity)

RAID 1 (disk mirroring)

RAID 4 (parity)

RAID 5 (disk striping with parity)

2
RAID 0

Minimum - 2 Hard Disks

Maximum - 32 Hard Disks
Data is written alternately and evenly to two or
more disks
Read & Write Speed is Fast
Fault Tolerance is not available

3
How RAID 0 works ?

123456
1
3 Disk 1
5
Meta Disk
2
4 Disk 2
6

root

4
RAID 1

Minimum - 2 Hard Disks

Maximum - 2 Hard Disks

Simultaneously data will be written to two

volumes on two different disks

Read Speed is Fast & Write Speed is Slow

Fault Tolerance is available

50% overhead

5
How RAID 1 works ?

123
1
2 Disk 1
3
Meta Disk
1
2 Disk 2
3

root

6
RAID 4

Minimum - 3 Hard Disks

Maximum - 32 Hard Disks

Data is written alternately and evenly to two or

more disks and a parity is only written on one
disk

Read & Write Speed is Fast

Fault Tolerance is available

7
How RAID 4 works ?

123456
1
3 Disk 1
5

2
4 DiskDisk
Meta 2
6

P=1&2
Disk
P=3& 4 3
P=5&6

root

8
RAID 5

Minimum - 3 Hard Disks

Maximum - 32 Hard Disks

Data is written alternately and evenly to two

disks and a parity is written on all disk

Read & Write Speed is Fast

Fault Tolerance is available

Also Known as Striped with parity

9
How RAID 5 works ?

123456
1
3 Disk 1
P=5&6

2
Disk
P = Meta
3& 2
4 Disk
5

P = 1+2
4 Disk 3
6

root

10

10
What will happen ?

New Disk

Disk
Generate
Data
Disk 22 Fails
Data
Generate
Fails
Recovered
Data
Data
Loss
Recovered
Data
Data
Loss

1
3 Disk 1
P=5&6

2
Meta Disk Disk
P=3& 4 2
5

P = 1+2
4 Disk 3
6

root

11

11
Steps

Create
Createmultiple
multiplepartitions
partitions
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#fdisk
~]#fdisk /dev/hda
/dev/hda

To
Toupdate
updatethe
the Kernel
Kernelwithout
withoutrestarting
restarting
[root@comp1 ~]#partprobe
[root@comp1 ~]#partprobe

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12
RAID Commands

To
Toclub
cluball
allthe
theRAID
RAIDpartitions
partitionsin
into
toaasingle
singlearray
array
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -C -C /dev/md0
/dev/md0 -n3 -n3 /dev/hda8
/dev/hda8
/dev/hda9
/dev/hda9 /dev/hda10
/dev/hda10 -l5 -l5

To
Todisplay
displayRAID
RAIDdevice
device
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -D-D /dev/md0
/dev/md0

To
Toformat
formatRAID
RAIDdevice
device
[root@comp1 ~]#mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
[root@comp1 ~]#mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0

13

13
RAID Commands

Create
CreateMount
MountPoint
Pointof
ofRAID
RAIDDevice
Device
[root@comp1 ~]#mkdir /raid
[root@comp1 ~]#mkdir /raid

Mount
Mountthe
theRaid
Raiddevice
device
[root@comp1
[root@comp1 ~]#mount /dev/md0 /raid
~]#mount /dev/md0 /raid
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#cd
~]#cd /raid
/raid

14

14
RAID Commands

To
Tomake
makeaapartition
partitionfaulty
faulty
[root@comp1
[root@comp1 ~]#mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/hda10
~]#mdadm -f /dev/md0 /dev/hda10

To
Toremove
removepartition
partitionfrom
fromRAID
RAIDarray
array
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -r-r /dev/md0
/dev/md0 /dev/hda10
/dev/hda10

To
Toadd
addaanew
newdevice
deviceinto
intothe
theRAID
RAIDarray
array
[root@comp1 ~]#mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/hda11
[root@comp1 ~]#mdadm -a /dev/md0 /dev/hda11

15

15
RAID Commands

To
Tostop
stopthe
theRAID
RAID
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -S
-S /dev/md0
/dev/md0

To
Toactivate
activateRAID
RAID
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#mdadm
~]#mdadm -A /dev/md0 /dev/hda8
-A /dev/md0 /dev/hda8
/dev/hda9
/dev/hda9 /dev/hda10
/dev/hda10

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