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Abstract

Cne of Lhe ob[ecLlves of Lhls experlmenL ls Lo separaLe Lhe caffelne from Lhe drled Lea leaves
and Lo dlfferenLlaLe slngle from mulLlple exLracLlon 8efore Lhe experlmenL sLarLed we we're glven Lhe
rundown of whaL we we're supposed Lo do ln Lhls experlmenL AfLer whlch Lhe group dlvlded Lhe Lask
among Lhe members for fasLer faclllLaLlon 1he group sLarLed off Lo welgh 10 grams of Lea leaves and
repacked lL ln an empLy Leabag nexL was Lhe preparaLlon of sodlum carbonaLe soluLlon and Lhe
welghed Lea bags were lmmersed and was allowed Lo boll Whlle walLlng for lL Lo boll oLher members
sLarLed Lo welgh Lhe evaporaLlng dlsh and Lhe anhydrous sodlum sulfaLe whlch wlll be used ln Lhe laLLer
parL of Lhe experlmenL AfLer Lhe soluLlon came Lo a boll we sLarLed Llmlng for 10 mlnuLes when Lhe
Llme elapsed Lhe soluLlon was cooled and was Lransferred ln Lhe separaLory funnel 1hen Lhe swlrllng of
Lhe funnel was done Lo mlx Lhe dlchloromeLhane Make sure Lo mlx lL genLly Lo avold formaLlon of
bubbles and remember Lo release Lhe sLop cock every now and Lhen Lo release Lhe pressure 8eLurn Lhe
funnel Lo Lhe sLand and remove Lhe sLopper 1he Lwo llquld layers should have been Lhoroughly mlxed
by Lhls process and Lhe funnel now needs Lo be lefL for several mlnuLes whlle Lhe layers separaLe ouL
and seLLle down Cnce Lhe layers have clearly separaLed run Lhe lower layer ouL of Lhe funnel as shown
below Make sure Lhe sLopper has been removed prlor Lo Lhls or Lhe funnel wlll suck alr up Lhrough
Lhe sLem causlng Lhe layers Lo remlx SLop runnlng Lhe lower layer off when Lhe boundary beLween Lhe
layer ls near Lhe sLop cock 1he lower layer ls Lhen placed ln an Lrlenmeyer flask wlLh anhydrous sodlum
sulfaLe and was Lransferred lnLo Lhe Larred evaporaLlng dlsh We repeaLed Lhls for 2 Llmes slnce Lhe
group was asslgned mulLlple exLracLlon AfLer collecLlng Lhe organlc layer for Lhe lasL exLracLlon Lhe
Larred evaporaLlng dlsh LogeLher wlLh Lhe organlc layer was placed under Lhe fume hood for lL Lo
evaporaLe 1he resldue was Lhen welghed and we calculaLed for Lhe percenLage yleld of Lhe caffelne
Slnce we performed mulLlple exLracLlon we have a hlgher percenLage yleld of caffelne compared Lo
Lhose who performed slngle exLracLlon


Introduct|on

1he Lechnlque LhaL was used ln Lhls
experlmenL ln order Lo separaLe Lhe caffelne
from Lhe Lea leaves ls called exLracLlon
LxLracLlon ls Lhe process of obLalnlng someLhlng
from a mlxLure or compound uslng chemlcal
physlcal or mechanlcal means lL uses Lwo
lmmlsclble phases Lo separaLe a soluLe from
one phase lnLo Lhe oLher 1he dlsLrlbuLlon of a
soluLe beLween Lwo phases ls an equlllbrlum
condlLlon descrlbed by parLlLlon Lheory ln Lhls
experlmenL we used slngle and mulLlple
exLracLlon parLlcularly llquld llquld exLracLlon
1he dlfference beLween slngle and mulLlple
exLracLlon ls Lhe number of Llmes
dlchloromeLhane was added ln slngle
exLracLlon dlchloromeLhane was added only
once whlle ln mulLlple exLracLlon lL was added
several Llmes Llquld llquld exLracLlon also
known as Lhe solvenL exLracLlon

1he maln ob[ecLlve of Lhe experlmenL ls
Lo separaLe Caffelne from Lhe drled Lea leaves
Caffelne belongs Lo a group of compounds
known as alkalolds Alkalolds are a dlverse
group of compounds LhaL are found prlmarlly ln
planLs and conLaln baslc nlLrogen aLoms 1he
ma[or sources for caffelne are Lhe seeds of Lhe
coffee planL (coffeo Atoblco) cola nuLs MaLe
whlch ls used as Lea ln araguay and 1ea leaves
(comelllo 5loeosls)


lgure 1 SLrucLure of Cafflene

Caffelne belongs Lo a famlly of naLurally
occurrlng compounds known as xanLhlnes
Caffelne ls chemlcally 137LrlmeLhylxanLhlne
(C
8
P
10
n
4
C
2
) Caffelne acLs as a sLlmulanL lL
sLlmulaLes Lhe hearL resplraLlon Lhe cenLral
nervous sysLem and ls a vasodllaLor as well as
a dlureLlc

Methodo|ogy

1he maLerlals needed for Lhe
experlmenL are 8unsen burner separaLory
funnel Lrlenmeyer flask beaker glass rod
evaporaLlng dlsh waLch glass lron sLand lron
rlng lron clamp Leabags sodlum carbonaLe
dlchloromeLhane and sodlum sulfaLe

lrsL we welghed 10 grams of Lea
leaves and placed lL lnslde a Lea bag 1hen we
welghed 44 grams of sodlum carbonaLe ln a
beaker whlch was Lhen dlssolved wlLh 100 ml
dlsLllled waLer 1he soluLlon was Lhen heaLed
unLll Lhe solld dlssolves 1he Lea leaves
conLalned lnslde Lhe Leabag was added Lo Lhe
sald mlxLure 1he beaker was covered and was
bolled for 10 mlnuLes on a low flame

AfLer 10 mlnuLes of bolllng Lhe bags
were removed and were squeezed by presslng
lL agalnsL Lhe slde of Lhe conLalner uslng a glass
rod 8e careful noL Lo desLroy Lhe Lea bags
conLalnlng Lhe Lea leaves or else mlghL prolong
Lhe experlmenL slnce lL wlll requlre dolng
anoLher purlflcaLlon Lechnlque whlch ls
fllLraLlon

8efore Lransferrlng Lhe mlxLure Lo Lhe
separaLory funnel lL was cooled down wlLh
runnlng waLer for 33 mlnuLes AfLer coollng
Lhe mlxLure was Lhen Lransferred lnLo a
separaLory funnel conLalnlng 20 ml of
dlchloromeLhane

CenLly lnverL Lhe funnel Lhen holdlng lL
wlLh Lhe sLop cock sllghLly hlgher as ln Lhe
dlagram wlLh one hand holdlng Lhe sLop cock
and Lhe oLher hand supporLlng Lhe cover of Lhe
separaLory funnel 1he mlxLure was Lhen mlxed
ln a clrcular moLlon and Lhe sLop cock was
opened from Llme Lo Llme Lo release Lhe
pressure 1hls procedure was repeaLed for unLll
no pressure ls observed Lo be released AfLer
mlxlng Lhe separaLory funnel was placed ln a
sLeady poslLlon unLll Lhe separaLlon of Lhe Lwo
layers ls clearly vlslble




lgure 2 lnverLed funnel

Whlle walLlng for Lhe mlxLure Lo seLLle
half spaLula of anhydrous sodlum sulfaLe was
placed lnslde Lhe Lrlenmeyer flask We also
welghed Lhe evaporaLlng dlsh where Lhe
organlc layer wlll be placed Cnce Lhe layers
have clearly separaLed run Lhe lower layer ouL
of Lhe funnel Lhen lnLo Lhe Lrlenmeyer flask
conLalnlng Lhe prepared anhydrous sodlum
sulfaLe 1he soluLlon (caffelne + uCM +
anhydrous sodlum sulfaLe) was Lransferred lnLo
Lhe Larred evaporaLlng dlsh

Slnce mulLlple exLracLlon was asslgned
Lo our group anoLher 20 ml of dlchloromeLhane
wlll be added lnLo Lhe same separaLory funnel
Same procedure applles from here 1hls
procedure wlll be repeaLed once agaln for Lhe
lasL exLracLlon of Lhe organlc layer AfLer
collecLlng Lhe organlc layer Lhe evaporaLlng
dlsh was placed under Lhe fume hood unLll Lhe
resldue ls compleLely ln powdered form LasLly
Lhe evaporaLlng dlsh LogeLher wlLh Lhe resldue
ls welghed 8esulLs were gaLhered and
percenLage yleld was calculaLed

kesu|ts and D|scuss|on

1he meLhods used ln slngle and
mulLlple exLracLlon are Lhe same Lhey only
dlffer ln Lhe number of exLracLlon WlLh Lhls
mulLlple exLracLlon ls more efflclenL Lhan slngle
exLracLlon because lL allows more of Lhe
caffelne ln Lhe mlxLure Lo be exLracLed

lgure 3 LxLracLlon SeLup

1he flgure above shows us Lhe
exLracLlon seL up ln here you'll see Lwo layers
Lhe upper layer and Lhe lower layer 1he upper
layer ln Lhe experlmenL ls Lhe aqueous layer and
Lhe lower layer ls called Lhe organlc layer 1he
organlc layer ls made up of dlchloromeLhane
and Lhe caffelne exLracLed
1he purpose of Lhe anhydrous sodlum
sulfaLe serves as a drylng agenL LhaL wlll remove
any waLer LhaL may have been presenL before
sLarLlng Lo evaporaLe Lhe solvenL off

?ou can see ln Lhe Lable Lhe gaLhered
daLa whlch was obLalned from Lhe experlmenL


WelghL of Lea leaves used 100 grams
WelghL of empLy
evaporaLlng dlsh
1136 grams
WelghL of evaporaLlng dlsh
wlLh exLracLed Caffelne
1141 grams
WelghL of Caffelne 13 grams

lgure 4 CaLhered uaLa


uslng Lhe formula

yleld
wcght o] thc cudc cu]]cnc
wcght o] thc tcu Icucs uscd
%

yleld
1.S grcms
10.0 grcms
%

13

A percenLage yleld of 13 was
compuLed afLer geLLlng Lhe raLlo of Lhe
welghL of Lhe caffelne and Lhe welghL of Lhe Lea
leaves used Lhen mulLlplled Lo 100

ln here you can noLlce LhaL Lhe yleld
of mulLlple exLracLlon ls hlgher Lhan Lhe yleld
of slngle exLracLlon


keferences

8ooks

8ayquen Av Cruz C1 eL al (2009)
LaboraLory Manual ln Crganlc ChemlsLry
Cuezon ClLy CL ubllshlng lnc

lnLerneL

hLLp//wwwchemlcoolcom/deflnlLlon/exLracLl
onhLml
hLLp//wwwschulzparLnercom/prospekLe/exLr
akLlonenpdf

hLLp//chem
coursesucsdedu/Courseages/uglabs/
143A_Welzman/expL_3npdf

hLLp//flrsLyearchemusydeduau/prelab/e28s
hLml

hLLp//wwwscrlbdcom/doc/24382392/LxLracLl
onofCaffelnerom1eaLeaves