Immunodeficiency: Randanan Bandaso Department of Pathology Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University
Immunodeficiency: Randanan Bandaso Department of Pathology Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University
Immunodeficiency: Randanan Bandaso Department of Pathology Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University
I R
D E F I C I E N T
PRIMER
SEKUNDER
IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASE
CONGENITAL (PRIMARY): AGAMMAGLOBINEMIA OF BRUTON. DIGEORGES SYNDROME SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASE (SCID) DEFICIENCY B,T,STEM CELL, COMPLEMENT. ACQUIRED (SECONDARY): AIDS, MALNUTRITION, AGING, IMMUNOSUPRESSIVE-RADIATION
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY
X LINKED AGAMMA GLOBINAEMIA OF BRUTON ISOLATED IgA DEFICIENCY DI GEORGE SYNDROME SWISS TYPE AGAMMAGLOBINAEMIA SEVERE COMBINED ID (SCID) WISKOT ALDRICH SYNDROME GENETIC DEFICIENCY OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM.
EMBRYOLOGIC ABNORMALITY Eg DI GEORGE SYNDROME ENYMATIC DEFECT Eg CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS UNKNOWN Eg WISKOT ALDRICH SYNDROME
BRUTON DISEASE:
NO B CELLS IN THE BLOOD AND LYMPHOID TISSUE X LINKED AGAMMAGLOBINAEMIA AFFECTING MALES LYMPH NODES VERY SMALL, NO TONSILS THEIR SERUM CONTAINS NO IgA, IgM, IgD OR IgE. IgG ONLY SMALL AMOUNT IN THE 6-12 MONTHS PROTECTED FROM INFECTION BY MATERNAL IgG AFTER MATERNAL IgG EXHAUSTED RECURRENT PYOGENIC INFECTION. INFUSED I.V. LARGE DOSES OF GAMMA GLOBULIN REMAIN HEALTHY
DI GEORGES SYNDROME
T CELL DEFICIENCY THYMUS AND PARATHYROID NOT DEVELOP LOST CELLULAR IMMUNITY EASY INFECTION BY FUNGUS AND VIRUS TETANY T CELL DEFICIENCY VARIABLE HOW BADLY THE THYMUS GLAND IS AFFECTED
SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFIENCY (SCID) RECURRENT INFECTION EARLY IN LIFE: CANDIDA, PNEMOCYTIS CARINI, PSEUDOMONAS, VIRUS AND BACTERI. VACCINATED WITH LIVE ORGANISMS eg VIRUS AND BCG DIE OF PROGRESSIVE INFECTION DIE IN THE FIRST OR TWO YEARS UNLESS RESCUED BY TRANSPLANTS OF BONE MARROW
LOW THROMBOYT THROMBOCYTOPENIA AFFECTED MALES DEVELOP SEVERE ECZEMA AS WELL AS PYOGENIC AND OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS. IN THE SERUM IgA AND Ig E INCREASED, IgG NORMAL, IgM DECREASED T CELLS DEFECTED IN FUNCTION. THE CAUSE UNKNOWN
CAUSES
RESULT FROM EXTRINSIC OR ENVIROMENTAL MOST DRUGS IN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY CYTOTOXIC FOR T CELLS PROTEIN MALNUTRITION T CELLS DEFICIENCY LOSS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN KIDNEY DISEASE, INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE, BURN INFECTIONS AIDS
AIDS
A CQUIRED I MMUNO D EFICIENCY S YNDROME
AIDS
RECOGNIZED AS EARLY 1979 INCREASED DRAMATICALLY EACH YEAR 1982 CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL (CDC) DECLARED AIDS A NEW EPIDEMIC 1987 40.000 CASES 1993 300.000 SERO POSITIF ICE MOUNTAIN PHENOMENA MOSTLY IN AFRICA INDONESIA MOSTLY IN PAPUA
EPIDEMIOLOGY
1994 ----> 163 STATES FIVE HIGH RISK GROUPS:
HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MAN INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSER HEMOPHILIAC RECIPIENT OF BLD AND B.CMPNENT. HETEROSEXUAL CONTACT WITH OTHER HIGH RISK GROUP.
ETIOLOGY
A HUMAN RETROVIRUS FELINE IV, SIMIAN IV, VISNA VIRUS OF SHEEP. LONG INCUBATION PERIODE --> FATAL OUTCOME TROPISM FOR HAEMOTOPOETIC AND NERVOUS SYSTEM ABILITY TO CAUSE IMMUNOSUPRESSION CYTOPHATIC EFFECT IN VITRO
REDUCED HELPER/SUPRESSOR T RATIOS REDUCED PHERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE TO MITOGENS AND ANTIGENS ELEVATED IMMUNOGLOBULINS LEVEL REDUCED TO ABSENT ANTIBODY RESPONSE FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION INCREASED CIRCULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES REDUCED NK CELL ACTIVITY REDUCED INTERLEUKIN 2 PRODUCTION
HIV VIRION
HIV INFECTION
CLINICAL LATENCY
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS
HIV
DIMINISHED CYTOTOXIC ABILITY DECREASED CHEMOTAXIS REDUCED IL1 SECRETION POOR ANTIGEN PRESENTATION
MACROPHAGE
TRANSMISSION OF HIV
SEXUAL CONTACT FROM MOTHER TO CHILD THROUGH THE PLACENTA TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD OR BLOOD PRODUCT INJECTION DRUG ABUSER
85 %
ASYMPTOMATIC
HIV INFECTION
FORMATION OF GIANT CELL IN THE BRAIN
the end
THE EXAMINATION