Solution-1-H6739.

tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 106

106 Solutions Manual
Then
[B]
T
[D][B] =
1
64

(2 y) 0 (1 x)
0 (1 x) (2 y)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

c(2 y) d(1 x) . . . . . . . . .
d(2 y) c(1 x) . . . . . . . . .
e(1 x) e(2 y) . . . . . . . . .

Therefore
K
11
=
t
64
_
2
2
_
1
1
[c(2 y)
2
+e(1 x)
2
]dx dy
which gives K
11
=
t
6
(4c +e)
K
12
=
t
64
_
2
2
_
1
1
[d(2 y)(1 x) +e(1 x)(2 y)]dx dy
which gives K
12
=
t
4
(d +e).
Solutions to Chapter 7 Problems
S.7.1
Substituting for ((1/
x
) + (/
y
)) and ((1/
y
) + (/
x
)) from Eqs (7.5) and (7.6),
respectively in Eqs (7.3)

x
=
Ez
1
2
M
x
D
and
y
=
Ez
1
2
M
y
D
(i)
Hence, since, from Eq. (7.4), D=Et
3
/12(1
2
), Eqs (i) become

x
=
12zM
x
t
3

y
=
12zM
y
t
3
(ii)
The maximum values of
x
and
y
will occur when z =t/2. Hence

x
( max ) =
6M
x
t
2

y
( max ) =
6M
y
t
2
(iii)
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 107
Solutions to Chapter 7 Problems 107
Then

x
(max) =
6 10 10
3
10
2
= 600 N/mm
2

y
(max) =
6 5 10
3
10
2
= 300 N/mm
2
S.7.2
From Eq. (7.11) and since M
xy
=0
M
t
=
M
x
M
y
2
sin 2 (i)
M
t
will be a maximum when 2=/2, i.e. =/4 (45

). Thus, from Eq. (i)

M
t
(max) =
10 5
2
= 2.5 Nm/mm
S.7.3
The relationship between M
n
and M
x
, M
y
and M
xy
in Eq. (7.10) and between M
t
and
M
x
, M
y
and M
xy
in Eq. (7.11) are identical in form to the stress relationships in Eqs
(1.8) and (1.9). Therefore, by deduction from Eqs (1.11) and (1.12)
M
I
=
M
x
+M
y
2
+
1
2
_
(M
x
M
y
)
2
+4M
2
xy
(i)
and
M
II
=
M
x
+M
y
2

1
2
_
(M
x
M
y
)
2
+4M
2
xy
(ii)
Further, Eq. (7.11) gives the inclination of the planes on which the principal moments
occur, i.e. when M
t
=0. Thus
tan 2 =
2M
xy
M
x
M
y
(iii)
Substituting the values M
x
=10 Nm/mm, M
y
=5 Nm/mm and M
xy
=5 Nm/mm in
Eqs (i), (ii) and (iii) gives
M
I
= 13.1 Nm/mm
M
II
= 1.9 Nm/mm
and
= 31.7

or 58.3

Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.

Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 108
108 Solutions Manual
The corresponding principal stresses are obtained directly fromEqs (iii) of S.7.1. Hence

I
=
6 13.1 10
3
10
2
= 786 N/mm
2

II
=
6 1.9 10
3
10
2
= 114 N/mm
2
S.7.4
From the deection equation

2
w
x
2
=
q
0
a
2
D
2
_
1 +Acosh
y
a
+B
y
a
sinh
y
a
_
sin
x
a

2
w
y
2
=
q
0
a
2
D
2
_
Acosh
y
a
+2Bcosh
y
a
+B
y
a
sinh
y
a
_
sin
x
a
Now w=0 and M
x
=0 at x =0 and a. From Eq. (7.7) this is satised implicitly.
Also w=0 and M
y
=0 at y =a so that, from the deection equation
O =
q
0
a
4
D
4
(1 +Acosh +B sinh ) sin
x
a
i.e.
1 +Acosh +B sinh = 0 (i)
Also, from Eq. (7.8)
O =
q
0
a
2
D
2
[(Acosh +2Bcosh +B sinh )
0.3(1 +Acosh +B sinh )] sin
x
a
or
O = 0.3 +0.7Acosh +2Bcosh +0.7B sinh (ii)
Solving Eqs (i) and (ii)
A = 0.2213 B = 0.0431
S.7.5
The deection is zero at x =a/2, y =a/2. Then, from the deection equation
O =
a
4
4

3
2
a
4
(1 )
3
4
a
4
+A
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 109
Solutions to Chapter 7 Problems 109
Hence
A =
a
4
4
(5 3)
The central deection, i.e. at x =0, y =0 is then
=
qa
4
96(1 )D

1
4
(5 3)
=
qa
4
384D
_
5 3
1
_
S.7.6
From the equation for deection

4
w
x
4
= w
0
_

a
_
4
cos
x
a
cos
3y
a

4
w
y
4
= w
0
_
3
a
_
4
cos
x
a
sin
3y
a

4
w
x
2
y
2
= w
0
_

a
_
2
_
3
a
_
2
cos
x
a
cos
3y
a
Substituting in Eq. (7.20)
q(x, y)
D
= w
0
cos
x
a
cos
3y
a
(1 +2 9 +81)
_

a
_
4
i.e.
q(x, y) = w
0
D100

4
a
4
cos
x
a
cos
3y
a
From the deection equation
w = 0 at x = a/2, y = a/2
The plate is therefore supported on all four edges.
Also
w
x
= w
0

a
sin
x
a
cos
3y
a
w
y
= w
0
3
a
cos
x
a
sin
3y
a
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 110
110 Solutions Manual
When
x =
a
2
w
x
= 0
y =
a
2
w
y
= 0
The plate is therefore not clamped on its edges.
Further

2
w
x
2
= w
0
_

a
_
2
cos
x
a
cos
3y
a

2
w
y
2
= w
0
_
3
a
_
2
cos
x
a
cos
3y
a
Substituting in Eq. (7.7)
M
x
= Dw
0
_

a
_
2
cos
x
a
cos
3y
a
(1 9) (i)
Similarly, from Eq. (7.8)
M
y
= w
0
D
_

a
_
2
cos
x
a
cos
3y
a
(9 +) (ii)
Then, at x =a/2, M
x
=0 (from Eq. (i)) and at y =a/2, M
y
=0 (from Eq. (ii)).
The plate is therefore simply supported on all edges.
The corner reactions are given by
2D(1 )

2
w
x y
(see Eq. (7.14))
Then, since

2
w
x y
= w
0

a
3
a
sin
x
a
sin
3y
a
at x = a/2, y = a/2
Corner reactions = 6w
0
D
_

a
_
2
(1 )
From Eqs (7.7) and (7.8) and the above, at the centre of the plate
M
x
= w
0
D
_

a
_
2
(1 +9), M
y
= w
0
D
_

a
_
2
(9 +).
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 111
Solutions to Chapter 7 Problems 111
S.7.7
Substituting q(x, y) =q
0
x/a in Eq. (7.29) and noting that the plate is square and of side a
a
mn
=
4
a
2
_
a
0
_
a
0
q
0
x
a
sin
mx
a
sin
ny
a
dx dy
i.e.
a
mn
=
4q
0
a
3
_
a
0
x sin
mx
a
_

a
n
cos
ny
a
_
a
0
dx
Hence
a
mn
=
4q
0
a
2
n
_
a
0
x sin
mx
a
(cos n 1)dx
The term in brackets is zero when n is even and equal to 2 when n is odd. Thus
a
mn
=
8q
0
a
2
n
_
a
0
x sin
mx
a
dx (n odd) (i)
Integrating Eq. (i) by parts
a
mn
=
8q
0
a
2
n
_
x
a
m
cos
mx
a
+
_
a
m
cos
mx
a
dx
_
a
0
i.e.
a
mn
=
8q
0
amn
2
_
x cos
mx
a
+
a
m
sin
mx
a
_
a
0
The second term in square brackets is zero for all integer values of m. Thus
a
mn
=
8q
0
amn
2
(a cos m)
The term in brackets is positive when m is odd and negative when m is even. Thus
a
mn
=
8q
0
mn
2
(1)
m+1
Substituting for a
mn
in Eq. (7.30) gives the displaced shape of the plate, i.e.
w =
1

4
D

m=1,2,3

n=1,3,5
8q
0
(1)
m+1
mn
2
__
m
2
a
2
_
+
_
n
2
a
2
__
2
sin
mx
a
sin
ny
a
or
w =
8q
0
a
4

6
D

m=1,2,3

n=1,3,5
(1)
m+1
mn(m
2
+n
2
)
2
sin
mx
a
sin
ny
a
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 112
112 Solutions Manual
S.7.8
The boundary conditions which must be satised by the equation for the displaced
shape of the plate are w=0 and w/n =0 at all points on the boundary; n is a direction
normal to the boundary at any point.
The equation of the ellipse representing the boundary is
x
2
a
2
+
y
2
b
2
= 1 (i)
Substituting for x
2
/a
2
+y
2
/b
2
in the equation for the displaced shape clearly gives w=0
for all values of x and y on the boundary of the plate. Also
w
n
=
w
x
x
n
+
w
y
y
n
(ii)
Now
w = w
0
_
1
x
2
a
2

y
2
b
2
_
2
so that
w
x
=
4w
0
x
a
2
_
1
x
2
a
2

y
2
b
2
_
(iii)
and
w
y
=
4w
0
y
b
2
_
1
x
2
a
2

y
2
b
2
_
(iv)
From Eqs (i), (ii) and (iv) it can be seen that w/x and w/y are zero for all values
of x and y on the boundary of the plate. It follows from Eq. (ii) that w/n =0 at all
points on the boundary of the plate. Thus the equation for the displaced shape satises
the boundary conditions.
From Eqs (iii) and (iv)

4
w
x
4
=
24w
0
a
4

4
w
y
4
=
24w
0
b
4

4
w
x
2
y
2
=
8w
0
a
2
b
2
Substituting these values in Eq. (7.20)
w
0
_
24
a
4
+
16
a
2
b
2
+
24
b
4
_
=
p
D
whence
w
0
=
p
8D
_
3
a
4
+
2
a
2
b
2
+
3
b
4
_
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 113
Solutions to Chapter 7 Problems 113
Now substituting for D from Eq. (7.4)
w
0
=
3p(1
2
)
2Et
3
_
3
a
4
+
2
a
2
b
2
+
3
b
4
_ (v)
From Eqs (7.3), (7.5) and (7.7)

x
=
Ez
1
2
_

2
w
x
2
+

2
w
y
2
_
(vi)
and from Eqs (7.3), (7.6) and (7.8)

y
=
Ez
1
2
_

2
w
y
2
+

2
w
x
2
_
(vii)
From Eqs (iii) and (iv)

2
w
x
2
=
4w
0
a
2
_
1
3x
2
a
2

y
2
b
2
_

2
w
y
2
=
4w
0
b
2
_
1
x
2
a
2

3y
2
b
2
_
Substituting these expressions in Eq. (vi) and noting that the maximum values of direct
stress occur at z =t/2

x
(max) =
Et
2(1
2
)
_

4w
0
a
2
_
1
3x
2
a
2

y
2
b
2
_

4w
0

b
2
_
1
x
2
a
2

3y
2
b
2
__
(viii)
At the centre of the plate, x =y =0. Then

x
(max) =
2Etw
0
(1
2
)
_
1
a
2
+

b
2
_
(ix)
Substituting for w
0
in Eq. (ix) from Eq. (v) gives

x
(max) =
3pa
2
b
2
(b
2
+a
2
)
t
2
(3b
4
+2a
2
b
2
+3a
4
)
(x)
Similarly

y
(max) =
3pa
2
b
2
(a
2
+b
2
)
t
2
(3b
4
+2a
2
b
2
+3a
4
)
(xi)
At the ends of the minor axis, x =0, y =b. Thus, from Eq. (viii)

x
(max) =
2Etw
0
(1
2
)
_
1
a
2

1
a
2
+

b
2

3
b
2
_
i.e.

x
(max) =
4Etw
0

b
2
(1
2
)
(xii)
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 114
114 Solutions Manual
Again substituting for w
0
from Eq. (v) in Eq. (xii)

x
(max) =
6pa
4
b
2
t
2
(3b
4
+2a
2
b
2
+3a
4
)
Similarly

y
(max) =
6pb
4
a
2
t
2
(3b
4
+2a
2
b
2
+3a
4
)
S.7.9
The potential energy, V, of the load W is given by
V = Ww
i.e.
V = W

m=1

n=1
A
mn
sin
m
a
sin
n
b
Therefore, it may be deduced from Eq. (7.47) that the total potential energy, U +V, of
the plate is
U +V =
D
2

m=1

n=1
A
2
mn

4
ab
4
_
m
2
a
2
+
n
2
b
2
_
2
W

m=1

n=1
A
mn
sin
m
a
sin
n
b
From the principle of the stationary value of the total potential energy
(U +V)
A
mn
= DA
mn

4
ab
4
_
m
2
a
2
+
n
2
b
2
_
2
W sin
m
a
sin
n
b
= 0
Hence
A
mn
=
4W sin
m
a
sin
n
b

4
Dab
__
m
2
a
2
_
+
_
n
2
b
2
__
2
so that the deected shape is obtained.
S.7.10
From Eq. (7.45) the potential energy of the in-plane load, N
x
, is

1
2
_
a
0
_
b
0
N
x
_
w
x
_
2
dx dy
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 115
Solutions to Chapter 7 Problems 115
The combined potential energy of the in-plane load, N
x
, and the load, W, is then, from
S.7.9
V =
1
2
_
a
0
_
b
0
N
x
_
w
x
_
2
dx dy W

m=1

n=1
A
mn
sin
m
a
sin
n
b
or, since,
w
x
=

m=1

n=1
A
mn
m
a
cos
mx
a
sin
ny
b
V =
1
2
_
a
0
_
b
0
N
x

m=1

n=1
A
2
mn
m
2

2
a
2
cos
2
mx
a
sin
2
ny
b
dx dy
W

m=1

n=1
A
mn
sin
m
a
sin
n
b
i.e.
V =
ab
8
N
x

m=1

n=1
A
2
mn
m
2

2
a
2
W

m=1

n=1
A
mn
sin
m
a
sin
n
b
Then, from Eq. (7.47), the total potential energy of the plate is
U +V =
D
2

m=1

n=1
A
2
mn

4
ab
4
_
m
2
a
2
+
n
2
b
2
_
2

ab
8
N
x

m=1

n=1
A
2
mn
m
2

2
a
2
W

m=1

n=1
A
mn
sin
m
a
sin
n
b
Then, from the principle of the stationary value of the total potential energy
(U +V)
A
mn
= DA
mn

4
ab
4
_
m
2
a
2
+
n
2
b
2
_
2

ab
4
N
x
A
mn
m
2

2
a
2
W sin
m
a
sin
n
b
= 0
from which
A
mn
=
4W sin
m
a
sin
n
b
abD
4
_
_
m
2
a
2
+
n
2
b
2
_
2

m
2
N
x

2
a
2
D
_
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 116
116 Solutions Manual
S.7.11
The guessed form of deection is
w = A
11
_
1
4x
2
a
2
__
1
4y
2
a
2
_
(i)
Clearly when x =a/2, w=0 and when y =a/2, w=0. Therefore, the equation for
the displaced shape satises the displacement boundary conditions.
From Eq. (i)

2
w
x
2
= 8
A
11
a
2
_
1
4y
2
a
2
_

2
w
y
2
= 8
A
11
a
2
_
1
4x
2
a
2
_
Substituting in Eq. (7.7)
M
x
=
8A
11
D
a
2
_
1
4y
2
a
2
+
_
1
4x
2
a
2
__
Clearly, when x =a/2, M
x
=0 and when y =a/2, M
x
=0. Similarly for M
y
. Thus
the assumed displaced shape does not satisfy the condition of zero moment at the simply
supported edges.
From Eq. (i)

2
w
x y
=
64A
11
xy
a
4
Substituting for
2
w/x
2
,
2
w/y
2
,
2
w/x y and w in Eq. (7.46) and simplifying gives
U +V =
_
a/2
a/2
_
a
a/2
_
32A
2
11
D
a
4
_
4
16
a
2
(x
2
+y
2
) +
16
a
4
(x
4
+2x
2
y
2
+y
4
) 1.4
+
5.6
a
2
(x
2
+y
2
) +
67.2x
2
y
2
a
4
_
q
0
A
11
_
1
4x
2
a
2

4y
2
a
2
+
16x
2
y
2
a
4
__
dx dy
from which
U +V =
62.4A
2
11
D
a
2

4q
0
A
11
a
2
9
From the principle of the stationary value of the total potential energy
(U +V)
A
11
=
124.8A
11
D
a
2

4q
0
a
2
9
= 0
Hence, since D=Et
3
/12(1
2
)
A
11
= 0.0389q
0
a
4
/Et
3
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.
Solution-1-H6739.tex 24/1/2007 9: 28 Page 117
Solutions to Chapter 8 Problems 117
S.7.12
From Eq. (7.36) the deection of the plate from its initial curved position is
w
1
= B
11
sin
x
a
sin
y
b
in which
B
11
=
A
11
N
x

2
D
a
2
_
1 +
a
2
b
2
_
2
N
x
The total deection, w, of the plate is given by
w = w
1
+w
0
i.e.
w =

A
11
N
x

2
D
a
2
_
1 +
a
2
b
2
_
2
N
x
+A
11

sin
x
a
sin
y
b
i.e.
w =
A
11
1
N
x
a
2

2
D
_
_
1 +
a
2
b
2
_
2
sin
x
a
sin
y
b
Solutions to Chapter 8 Problems
S.8.1
The forces on the bar AB are shown in Fig. S.8.1 where
M
B
= K
_
dv
dz
_
B
(i)
and P is the buckling load.
From Eq. (8.1)
EI
d
2
v
dz
2
= Pv (ii)
The solution of Eq. (ii) is
v = Acos z +Bsin z (iii)
Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark.