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MIT18 100BF10 Pset1

This document outlines 7 problems for Problem Set 1 for the course 18.100B Analysis I at MIT. The problems cover topics such as: 1) Proving there is no rational number whose square is 12 2) Showing properties of the supremum of a non-empty bounded subset of real numbers 3) Proving that the union of bounded subsets is bounded 4) Defining exponentiation for rational exponents and proving properties of exponential functions 5) Proving the complex field cannot be an ordered field 6) Defining an ordering on the complex field using a dictionary order 7) Interpreting an identity about absolute values geometrically for vectors.

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Rahul Vas
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42 views3 pages

MIT18 100BF10 Pset1

This document outlines 7 problems for Problem Set 1 for the course 18.100B Analysis I at MIT. The problems cover topics such as: 1) Proving there is no rational number whose square is 12 2) Showing properties of the supremum of a non-empty bounded subset of real numbers 3) Proving that the union of bounded subsets is bounded 4) Defining exponentiation for rational exponents and proving properties of exponential functions 5) Proving the complex field cannot be an ordered field 6) Defining an ordering on the complex field using a dictionary order 7) Interpreting an identity about absolute values geometrically for vectors.

Uploaded by

Rahul Vas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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18.

100B Problem Set 1

Due Friday September 15, 2006 by 3 PM

Problems. 1) (10 pts) Prove that there is no rational number whose square is 12. 2) (10 pts) Let S be a non-empty subset of the real numbers, bounded above. Show that if 1 u = sup S, then for every natural number n, the number u n is not an upper bound of S, 1 but the number u + n is an upper bound of S. 3) (10 pts) Show that if A and B are bounded subsets of R, then A B is a bounded subset of R. Show that
sup A B = max{sup A, sup B}.
4) (20 pts) Fix b > 1.
a) If m, n, p, q are integers, n > 0, q > 0, and r = m/n = p/q, prove that
(bm ) n = (bp ) q . Hence it makes sense to dene br = (bm ) n . (How could it have failed to make sense?) b) Proce that br+s = br bs if r, s are rational. c) If x is real, dene B (x) to be the set of all numbers bt , where t is rational and t x. Prove that
br = sup B (r)
when r is rational. Hence it makes sense to dene
bx := sup B (x) for every real x.
d) Prove that bx+y = bx by for all real x and y.
5) (10 pts) Prove that no order can be dened in the complex eld that turns it into an ordered eld. (Hint: 1 is a square.) 6) (10 pts) Suppose z = a + bi, w = c + di. Dene z < w if a < c or a = c, b < d Prove that this turns the set of all complex numbers into an ordered set. (This is known as a dictionary order, or lexicographic order.) Does this ordered set have the least-upper-bound property? 7) (10 pts) Prove that |x + y|2 + |x y|2 = 2|x|2 + 2|y|2 if x Rk and y Rk . Interpret this geometrically, as a statement about parallelograms.
1
1 1 1

Extra problems: 1) (Another argument showing that 2 Q)


/ Show that, if n2 = 2m2 , then
(2m n)2 = 2(n m)2 . Deduce that, if n and m are strictly positive integers with n2 = 2m2 , we can nd strictly positive integers n , m with (n )2 = 2(m )2 and n < n. Conclude that the equation n2 = 2m2 has no non-zero integer solutions. 2) Show that the square root of an integer is either an integer or irrational. (Hint: Every integer has a unique (up to order) factorization into a product of prime numbers, you can use this to show that if n is an integer and a prime p divides n2 , then p divides n.)

MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu

18.100B Analysis I

Fall 2010

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