Adaptive Control Machining
Adaptive Control Machining
INTRODUCTION
ADAPTIVE CONTROL MACHINING(AC) ORGINATED OUT OF RESEARCH IN EARLY 1960 S SPONSERED BY THE US AIRFORCE.
AC USES MICROPROCESSER BASED CONTROLS AND IS TYPICALLY INTEGRATED WITH A EXISTING CNC SYSTEM.
IN AC MACHINING THERE IS IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTION RATE AND REDUCTION IN MACHINING COSTS.
THIS OCCURS AS A RESULT OF CALCULATING AND SETTING OF OPTIMAL PARAMETERS DURING MACHINING.
ADAPTIVE CONTROL
AC POSSESSES ATTRIBUTES OF BOTH FEEDFEEDBACK CONTROL AND OPTIMAL CONTROL
FEATURE THAT DISTINGUISHES AC CONTROL FROM OTHER TWO TYPES IS THAT AN AC SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO WORK IN A TIME VARYING ENVIORNMENT
AN AC SYSTEM IS DESIGNED TO OPERATE FOR THE CHANGING ENVIORNMENT BY MONITORING ITS PERFOMANCE AND ACCORDINGLY SOME ASPECTS OF ITS CONTROL MECHANISM TO ACHIEVE OPTIMAL OR NEAR OPTIMAL PERFOMANCE
AN AC EVALUATES ITS PERFOMANCE WITHIN THE ENVIORNMENT AND MAKES NECESSARY CHANGES IN ITS CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS TO IMPROVE OR IF POSSIBLE TO OPTIMIZE ITS PERFOMANCE
FUNCTIONS OF AC
IDENTIFICATION FUNCTION
DECISION FUNCTION
MODIFICATION FUNCTION
IN NC PROCESS THE CUTTING SPEED AND FEEDS ARE PRESCRIBED BY THE PART PROGRAMMERS
IN PRACTICE THE AC SYSTEMS OF MACHINE TOOLS CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO TYPES
AC WITH OPTIMISATION(ACO).
AC WITH CONSTRAINTS(ACC).
DEFINITION
THE TERM AC DENOTES A CONTROL SYSTEM THAT MEASURES CERTAIN O/P VARIABLES AND USES THESE TO CONTROL SPEED AND/OR FEED THE TYPICAL MEASURES OF PERFOMANCE IN MACHINING HAVE BEEN METAL REMOVEL RATE AND COST PER VOLUME OF METAL REMOVEL
WHERE TO USE AC
ONE OF THE PRINCIPLE REASONS FOR USING NC IS THAT IT REDUCES THE NONPRODUCTIVE TIME IN A MACHINING OPERATION. AC DETERMIES THE PROPER SPEEDS AND FEEDS DURING MACHINING AS A FUNCTION OF VARIABLES IN SUCH FACTORS AS WORK MATERIAL HARDNESS,WIDTH OR DEPTH OF CUT,AIR GAPS IN THE PART GEOMETRY AND SO ON
THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS CAN BE USED TO IDENTIFY SITUATIONS WHERE AC CAN BE BENEFICIALLY APPLIED
1. IN-PROCESS TIME CONSUMES A SIGNIFICANT INPORTION OF THE MACHINING CYCLE TIME 2. THERE ARE SIGNIFICANT SOURCES OF VARIABILITY IN JOB FOR WHICH AC CAN COMPENSATE 3. COST OF OPERATING MACHINING TOOL IS HIGH 4. THE TYPICAL JOB INVOLVES STEEL & HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYS
SOURCES OF VARIABILITY
1. VARIABLE GEOMETRY OF CUT 2. VARIABLE WORKPIECE HARDNESS &
VARIABLE MACHINABILITY 3. VARIABLE WORKPIECE RIGIDITY 4. TOOL WEAR 5. AIR GAPS DURING CUTTING
BENEFITS OF AC
INCREASED PRODUCTION RATES INCREASED TOOL LIFE GREATER PART PROTECTION LESS OPERATOR NTERVENTION EASIER PART PROGRAMMING
CONCLUSION
FOR A MACHINING OPERATION AC IS THE BEST METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE PROCESS IT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED THAT IT WAS POSSIBLE TO INCREASE THE METAL REMOVING RATE BY 35% TO 45% BY USING AC TECHNIQUES
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