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P N e U M o N I A

Bacterial pneumonia is caused by pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae entering the respiratory tract. Predisposing factors impair the lungs' ability to clear bacteria. The immune response is activated but sometimes ineffective, allowing bacteria to penetrate the alveoli and multiply. This leads to inflammation in the lungs as neutrophils accumulate. Symptoms include fever, cough, rapid breathing, and crackles as fluid builds up and airways become obstructed. Ultimately, poor ventilation and oxygenation can cause respiratory failure if not treated.

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233 views1 page

P N e U M o N I A

Bacterial pneumonia is caused by pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae entering the respiratory tract. Predisposing factors impair the lungs' ability to clear bacteria. The immune response is activated but sometimes ineffective, allowing bacteria to penetrate the alveoli and multiply. This leads to inflammation in the lungs as neutrophils accumulate. Symptoms include fever, cough, rapid breathing, and crackles as fluid builds up and airways become obstructed. Ultimately, poor ventilation and oxygenation can cause respiratory failure if not treated.

Uploaded by

christhele
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia

Predisposing factors: y y y y y y y y y y y Conditions the interfere with normal lung drainage Immunosuppression Smoking Prolonged immobility Depressed cough reflex NPO Antibiotic therapy Alcohol intoxication Advanced age sedative drugs Transmission of organisms BACTERIA such as Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus Pneumoniae, P. Aeruginosa, Klabsiella P., H.Influenzae

Enters the nose and mouth

Bacteria begin to infect the respiratory tract

Activation of immune response

Ineffective immmnune response eg. Cilliary damage

Penetrate alveoli (bacterial multiplication)

Inflammatory response accumulation of neutrophils Release of endogenous pyrogens Set hypothalamus to body temp. Release of neutrophil elastase Destroys bacteria and host cells Damage bronchial epithelial cells fever Weakening and dilation of bronchial walls Transmit impulse in medullary center Integrate cough response Stimulates receptors in bronchila walls crackles Impaired mucocilliary clearance Cilia are damage

Accumulation of mucus

RR cough tachypnea

Respiratory effort ventilatory demand DOB

hyperventillation

Airway obstruction

Airway constriction

wheezing

Narrowing of bronchial valves

Limitation of airways to & from the lungs hypoxemia Respiratory insufficiency

Reduced amt of air exhaled & inhaled Cyanosis- clubbing of fingers

ventillation

Ventilation-perfussion imbalance

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