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JAPANESE

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end prvdtllcth'{' \\,'[IY U)' ~giH ;iiC!{luinng these nc(;~.o:;:o.[]r)'ru,mrnlJllkJl rum S.kl,1 ~s. iii. by OlC~ u ~J.ly wo,rJd n~ '" ich Dhp!' ··[[m~n~i:: ill usc," ,jJ~ i!lI~T!lI."OI:'I.'li~lr~J'L"d y b .Da~i\'e' ~peOi."kC'Ii'.:s, ~1rgl~ ~l]oglilii1g~bel ng l!iKLm~tJ. I Elfrl'l~rit\ is ,j;tn;;3tly rrl.oCfl!a.~ei:l when what yoo lennI! ri~1 !.1ft .he 1f'j1A);(;I~rr~lI!Ilt:rJtly-li'"~cd :-:!nlclLJre!l ,ml\'d d(iHy im:: '!,i~ ICl'ltil..tIQI)', SOo I 11.'11 ~"lU pmc rice w ~~h the ~f,i!cllci.JIi hKiiIs. ~H"n! IT"q iii rc !g"."il:ij' u,ay, l'hi~ cere rll.aI ~yf>t'1!;:'lL".t~d ··rur.e-I:;mgui.~c'· ill !O\'l.':OO; ihe :1urer Oil ahe- 1i.l!P¢ tn kii;:e;1l
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yoo :1:1!'i1l.1.q c~u'eru I b' IflIRicec Ih~ diffe~nD rlHll:ld ·'euIIYIFQ r'l ways ah", Jup;LI;~..se "uet" in Itoo ""'iJr:iQLi~

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as >'01.1 proceed

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Bcin.~ ~Jl5:~lh'e nl ·~who ie5 OOROg 'iA I~.u 1[0 wf'torn. a:nd ""'IW:' is. ~l;;r[ you iluliYe learned !C1 00 almost I.IlI,eo.rL'i~·iolJcSly in YI[!I!C" 11I!i~li'!.l't: um,gu~_ :.you will gUi:ilTii !h.is same ~~ nse uf '':flW''..tF.cmcs;s:'· ,i;!!.... YoO(J. ~,Ij p[il1JJh:~c[tc.y ~I!Ii j'ilur :De".'1,1 '1 n nn,g!.l~ _ Th~~ imp~k~! ilJ:lo~rucl'~O!n UU !::.'Omiii rtlVm the .;]uLii'l sessions. as }'~JU w k.;llni 1.0 idrmi fy ihi;:: illu:]Jg;i,t~OJj and U1e!ooy lOr. ia,e ~lX!al{Il;n;, We pm'i,l'itle tMs b9P'k I!g'! hl<provide adilllj li\'JQ!l~ ~-pi ~c,i iJa!;[rucl~~m 10 furlher m!tEirrn w1m-~ynu h~'I,I~ t karwd_
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hi nhl~ u ni L•.you h;tvt .re~metl SINJ'~im.a!ielP r(lr L!I~!: V!lL~ wi II ~tI''if.l Ihis. ~'I(.~~~io:l'i 'qlLlil!l: useful iF1I;rour j n i !~.;d en-LL':Jllnh:r 'I/1,,'ilh Ihe l[ar:ln~!ll·. ilnd '1I{1U w~n .ul:w hear J~!le rcopr.~ lI..!I~ill1g· 11'11m':!I!1Y di-f.(ICn;m soc i'::i~ it
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J\eqiJimDE iJ,e ~j [[U~. ;·[hi! 1Il1.Lt,P (jf Ihe- ~~ffito :! I!'. .v . ~i'~£''J.'CqIuirini!li [h!t!·ItrCnllinol'o~1 .of .3 ~ubj!N:l~ il cn;bi~ lf~l'!J to '!ll!~nlL~ .[L";; a fl:'UIj'i'W m.t'mbt:r in thm :w(:icay. Yoll!!"

e"".pl'(:;.sl.o.fi from :Writ!i;::~l1l!.:i wlH-' u11:::itilkcnly :.'OtcflS ,mIl >'l'Iur fOOl. III .HTfH'!, di:d 1!'r.liJiia~lr1 'l,vi ~11C'~f\l i;lJXi']ofl~ i~. rt~:!' ~
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nati ...·~:!ipeghrs of J1i!!~!Jlc.,,"c · ''''i~] depend !II.IX~n !!;{)w sen:-;.Iti'!,iliii' )'folU fu.eC!!.ml't '[0 uht: aeeu mule ted heri t:!g~ (hal is J:tIi~llnese.
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offil:cn I'ICI,' 01)111 the .I b:-<~I.I~r·:!' !:Iii i fy a

ro IlIilcil~ft>nand!Ifli"ir ~>ll ~[I ti!m iOD! ,["mlill \\1]-mt apP't:lrn 10 ~ ~ubrh:: ooLl evasive '!j,'Crb.u1 (jfi~ i~ii:lm',~rb:1~ !"ignolS. i1C'iIlM ahle !~. leave WDTlQ' Ih[iI1I~' t!llSaiilll :MIlha~ d:i~ other ~:.:Jin flE:'-Id ibci""I;:I!.:TII the lines I;:;; an i mpoftc.r:u ,.;!Id n i,q J.Ili~lnr;..~ OOltnnnmi!t.a~i!lJ'Jl> Iii. .f!CJ"5.0DWfl!l) e~_pr,aillS: llhj'[J,g~

d;t.tr.i I a:.; Qon5ii:cl(:r.QII1~.:lIi:s~c. iil nd I[1if~cn Jro\'I,>Il'1ed upen, 11,e 1fR:!llIu~l"i.t('iil'lIlissloJ] 'of subj~it'!S is m't~ e'Ji:~mple Il)t this amhigum.llS and :§~cmil1lgij' incom,p.fi::u:: fom'l !l)f l[JJW~n~ OOf'ilfl1lUlniel!llio[h. Thi ~ &tyl~ of speeeh may ffirus~rnJ~ t(!l[(:igo Ileo.lriIiICl rs !l:IfJ,:Jp::mC=SciJ: u.f firs!, bl!~.1lfL..::r:i i 'I,vn i le ~t wl U ~e>I;Jme iI:i;1 [1!II!'al.
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1::lngLl~uge i~;,t.Ll t~'"'!lrr.n! W"t\Irds for ·'Yij;lu:'

Ttiic: one to usc d.e:ptfild~ Upc!m! I~le ,~pc:,al'er"s ri::lini~!l~'Fl'p i w;lIh [Ile person ooiJl1g :vpOkc1'1.lfi_ .l\mn:118'~hi:J,a:,:JI'~ mh.:= c~'Ilj:ijt{ji!lll !I'lof.tOlt!l.M1 loth W,'1Joi, in [~d ilifl rhis uni~~ l~
inil\OIm:3J
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l'lfJ/'(1. :[h~' tfbrmn!lr.imi (llJfmt::n used by a ~!.1pe,rirllii' ,~dd!TCSg.his I her junior. :i'IIndiI:!II'l'll!'ild-'" Li,$~d n:nlt by

Ff!.iOll is Itunkm il ~tJ:!nlher rill'! asking wf.JCltft.e.:u he l she iis J'i:J'l~,. btu you iin0Y alse ht::;!I it ILlse!!ll QJj ,~ J~:-'Jl'ilMC: to .In ;[lC)lJiQ abeui a rami'lf Uil:rn'b¢,r:
A,; How is ~{our d1IJ~hlc! dOlffll~ in ."i.C hU!i}1. ,1I:;l: Oh. :.'o!lilcis U'oi~ .I~nco. Ih ant :"tii.l_ r;Jr~e;!NU/~t~ ,dj", .!i~~~ 1!i~5 ,srlldu,IJl:cd [rnm high s.ciJ1Qlill. ;iJnLl 'i:-. ~'W g(!J.ll;g ~If'iict'lHe,~c.

It m~, an im,IlIlF!.:I n I' C~ pr~~fl!~ .,I1;:!1f ~["\"C~, ~o ~.1I.::,~I,i rl;:. dai I)' to dJJ t~nlthln s, [~,no.1 'only ~~p:pc.j}h i~1 (."Ol'ilC']I; l 'I.'1'f:Leii'e :fJJ [hI,;'!
wmeorne'~
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AitJ'iUIII,g'h jl: ,1~IL~'r,id]y m~lln, ··~h!~Hlk~U) you:· Okt~!!,.'>(J'pmil ,tl-e j5i used illl S'inJJ'ui!lJ'1II:i: 'W1~~ the ~~ ;;1..;;.10,: I nI,C: lfil~ qucsuon has clearly not Mnni m.u L""d :ro the hlt~Jlth. :!3OC"'~"s" ::inl;lilln~li~li'ir1tio':nl.ere. nf }'(IU Of :somcO\nc

iEI yo UJ' fa D1'i~y. ]~, r SO used :!i'[~1l piy app:rJ!:d;;]i~Ud1 fur h 10;;;~ mT lC!<'!ilIEf:,IlIl.

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show

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IE~PJres5io~:lI.'''OlE nt\l!"e~nal i'll'llJ'll;pnf1i~iii' • CflmmlU!IlicBJiOIll

••• IJ!C

Al'lJng ~vi~ the J'i1p~tn1i:Se [~r.u:llef1(;y In credit. Ithe !llil~ct ,~~lJ]'l rO'r ene ':5. m.... ,;]Ct;,mnplis_hn~e.!Jlt. ;Sl.!lOO!Z..,~. gpOO r. hCOlJUh. 111'111SO en as] ,jJ si,gn Ii) r gCK"!d wi~K. thc:' l~!U1';:UJe~' r~I!lIl"nll'y dj"~fI'l'ay ¢,:;Urerm: 1fJ'1fi(j'~liy :tIlml dc'fi,l:["crJil)t ill dni Iy ccmrn 11f:1 if:;!"! Lion_ W1I1ell M'tI1l(',{U'l1! rC~mpl"meum:; Ih~ J4LJ?1ne~ on gooo worJ". :t;!lciil c'fomllk-t;. a heatbt~fuJ ~lOO:5C, ML!lldilli rful d1:nra!2'r.. ete, ilt is C'I!h!'i;mmliry fm them 10 dmvn,pl:iI}, U1i;i'i ;j)biH~ics. ~~jo.l\'lcs. r ete. AS:3 esse in
(X1jiil'~:

~nd (! f sentences, as rou~hlY equivclem l(j. .IOC'~gHsb, "isu '~, t?'" "'3IeIll"[ yuu. ~'i' "'dnn.' t yoo?" etc, i The Ull:i~' of lJ'e SOO~1:'i: Hl:n Iho ~JilIr!:ak!l!'r '.lpce[i Ihc Ji ~h:J]eu C itO ~,~ \vitlJ bim I :her" ¥rnu W.m 11'i!aJj"' I!;I~ f~1 Uao.1ib' Ilbl~ in JoiL[1..'lnes:e; in r~l. 50Tne p!:opJ~ It! LI} ~nd' '" iflu;lJ I,~ e'irol)' sentcnee wilt! ue. Li:",~f'Lg iJl] a mu~c roHI,;(.1ivhtk'
:;ocieiLY Dh~J:iIme US, Ilhc J apltl n:e~ 'vnJ ue bcill':l~ iL!igncd wHh a~d mn~ln:iliCl.in,8h~Fi ii!JU~ ~la~ion:iiihipi!o "'-'iltllt rnlleJi'.l;~ 1:t1e' fRque~'u,iI~ of ne may illlus~ aJiJe-i.rdi;:;Sir~' !~} !iiivoid, S_Ily' 'i:Il:n~fDioC[ or ~ms3~1i~~,mt w.L~ho.~ oDoltJer,

,In n,i~ lii!nit~u h:lv~ h~MUI1~e;_It ~ in ~Jlh,r:.\~Wt.'l' ,,'.dfi.o1riml~l::rl.r se, tt, jL'l, g{l

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!/U~ll.i lIl'hJy be :;.e~1lI lIiS ItOO mmkSI. 1)1 A I'bl:en('::!n :starldfirdL;;.. fuiut Ithis 5-5::socil'.lJ ry ~tC;O!iiip"'1b'le' ~h~'i,'iur in jo'l pan _ Thns humihly i~QJilJy seen as .rtmiiiJill,S .appei:1rill1.g

'be mll"Gg!lDI:

0'1 conc{:~il.'ed..

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h .:1.!'I: lh. Own way d'l,r grer.: ~'U~g 010

h] m[!n.y JEIl!,!I;lis'IWpe.akrR\i,l; tCUIIUms" :~lc' :ano ther b:y ~ii1g h 0\\1' ~illcy rue, .s uch e.xpre,ssiulis as ·'How 3i1Tllll :f~l!ll1·;'Hovls c.wfythilf'l~'?'. and ';'JloYlo":s il,goj1ltt" an: al] jJO]J1.Jlilr,[lod fr;i~II'H.I!ywnys ~CmgriGe'[ ~ friend Of ,lJcqu~j n tnaee in th\,': Ul"llhed. 5 l:at cs,
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lWo andl 11l1rn~. is :;,) [il.efiUl Ilr:In~hl:li~lI1i of "lHm. a:rc: )'001'" Whil-r: ~'!!l.::n rncalty CIlIn;;J.":ct, ilL is ra~. used ~!i f:requenl~f ~ ~1t,; EllIgli~h 'I::~Himli: 1Jru1~ lmr.eS!i };'lriU know IthtU the other .pCH'8run has nut ~..en f~c!il!!g'!.',1't'1J ira'cmJy...
mil)' 1] no ~[ h:mJ In re"po!OC1 ro uJJeI1i-entf.ed q!.f~s,[i(ln, ili;a,gH d~'r;r lillY' I\~I l,[t:=m:Jli"'~ a [i;;i ~knJ.o"ffr:l"r~~~ /(o? j~ t)~"C':ui.!i d.~'.m 1iD,? lOll" 1]:i:eI1!1Lly. "'A Fe :ruil :lillI1e,.O~ h!.!ar~h~·rhis ~s·n'[r.ucliJC!td j'l'II U"lIlil Three T ~ and usall IIh"11'iilJ:uf,t,gr_ 'You .p!a:~ ,t:lI before gmp!:i. es aft

u,~

S!l"rffi'Li!J~lp!lne~I;'people

"liVllfn .,'i.~,j]l.::illig ~o·r::J:p;Ln~ speakers a:Jl Eng:J:i:!1h and J plw.J...~;lI]gn iii ur;:,sti-un ·.....th ,fI m:9~1I·r e :!lvc:Il.,!'i: ··Ail'!tn 't )lUll! i v Ii I"eI,.IT OJ "Is Ifi. II ihol IfI(b,y~" j'(iu ·wfU fi nd ILhll1 i[~y 1.1;/1II ROrru::[~ 11'1('5;reverse '~)'!,;!tt ilIld ··n.fl,'" it-oT t"~,j~mp!r;:', wlien iil!.~'~cd'JArt:n~m. YO'" J'~~p;iI]e-"~IJ!T' lJ1i1,.'1 wi~J ilnl-iwer "'No." mea il i!ll,g' "I ,jim JuJm~nct;;~". S.inee being '-I bJe 10 , read ~nm Ihir p.er.s.'On·s i' m.p Ii.cmiorui ~l d 1iiL:·t:i'a'" ii!l,g n .lrC,!::t'fJillill'l,liily is ,gn in~pon<tn ~ socl,"1 ~kiilJ~[J .~ap.m, whiMii ""skr>a ··A~~·IYOin J~J:.:ne-$~·'r'· i.!ny Japanese ~1c m wi II 3:).!!Il!i 111C Hn..iU: ycu musr he tl1 i n~ ing .~ or she i:o; IIiIO[ lt11I~l'lll'l~~ In m"'iptrnre If.II Ih~:s '~"\S'Li.l'r'i"pliC!n. d~.~ wi I! deny. by ~~yi ng ",N"!Il','. ml!t~mill.!l'. ·'NII), ) nu ilrc 'l.'o.'r't,l"1!.1
alll} j n".r~d ;"11;1nese," ill!:: px;:rs-i:m

TIm1

m~ \li.1,)' •. in

']]it. c;um tT~al

[on

~··J3.Lrl. :~can 'I speak

~i~ iie. yntJl hmr.m.·(,~l;t,l~ ~!·Nii,.1. you 1;::I1~ ~~[Jk \~~~r') in .fC'Spal'llS!1: to demo. 'fJml1ffli(J~I~ trri'PM!I(!I.r

''V~1l;rei;-}

h n;mri fie.

IDI :"fti!l'W

)UIU'

dde~nt:c

to chI!! o.t~r

!'Ci"S;O!l,

Therefore

U(!fl·t iLI;S~' ~~ wht::rl N'i:!i.PQnciill1lg· 10 [00 qUesljiolll" SiTIllpJ~ Sily. h~j:. ttnti d.eJiJ'l_ oiw,ges{rnw~_ g
)Oem

~'" ~his un~t,

AVf:Jii!.t~'.

'IN(:

in trQdIlt::~d HIU'I.)'ilI ~}nd S Il~nj~!ku

thar c~ ~~~ VVI"rilr.;:yo_

l'l;l,'IQ ~[h"lNs:

I ro'W~l,;i:'!r.

wb.il~ some &lme~ ~nTot-yo and ~~~ o:t~erbi~ d.[i~ i .5lJc h IDl! O~b. Kyo;w, iili!!..d N~:&~ do Ih;:)i!j,f( ~r

-_

1:1

.n.l1n1;:;-~.)'m.lI will find, th(n Ibe 'milJorii ty ,eI Sn!'lOOL'l; in In~d.~ s~~dI M sm~11 Japanese c1liill!Si ~larve nO :)~i ffmc names,

Lan ~1llllb;C:
D!i':ff!IiCfl'it'M:

0:r SoCR[dJ1L~'jile~l§!A~~,
1m lcos; Q'!.<t:rnin,g g

~'iii'~n.

mllid

Vuu '!Mull~I~ f[nd tala! no S~l U:;i; If(;rcrred In by PU'm'i:lIC!iS.. II:!; iii'l N.cw yo~ Cit ~ It wi~l m:kIf: ,~.~ ~nme v. m'ilLi, ttm~'ro learn huw to, ~I, ~!Jll'!jm:!I. bu I, ynu 'Wl]1 !l!StlUJllly liJ!ld ,people li.tl he: ''I.'er}' ,h~~Jlr1U FaIT !C)ta.mpte. ir lroo:rc IlIX.'Iking tor ~ I'_ friLi.tnd.'s, hOl[!iC. _)'Jl)U miShc, 'I];c mId. '''Ci~l off' :ar~' Shi~ i,l_kl!l Suuiol1., Stl!J nil :EUlnfil ee ~:-;_u~.ail Slmi,g'ht ,i!hi;:~. p.:!~[ n Iml'fiIlY ;snrul~ sh!Jp~, f« ::9he'IU 100 'FiI1cc~r.s.111lf,;':;J ri~l at, Ihe .sb.i~jukll :Sll,penrliam~t. Al!xJut.5oo lfIil.'ei-e'!8, !!Iown, lnc Ml1!.tI. you'lll see the oondomjniunti ~omp:~~m; ,you·re looking fur:' '\Viitl:u:rut ~if~C' :S~[ 1IlI~, ihi.'l' 131?~1!t1~ iL~~ blliliillil]lruh nl'L~mo.d I'tl' ib-l'\o'e i.mGlioQ:!l_ d

ll'lc cgmpf~:;t

~~tJ[1!.iI5

imJ~):rtlIm: roll:
J;;hL!1l11.t~iH.

i'lT! Inc '~Xp~R:;:;[Qins.

in Japan play an used ~n 't.ilri~us 's.oci::ll

I EI rthi~ IU 11 yOIJ Im~e ~l:mnN hD'!A'ti"ll ii~k ;;J, i~. persen '\'),i'hctl'~e. 2ifhc- 'I;:l.I[)Jtll.s t:o e..llE o:r dri n k: It:rh~"m'$u .
J'iiQmjm.r\I,!!'rI

bi,! nm.

ttl?

111 I~Se ~;."iI;rrre.ssiufi!o:; :!In; !l..lr.S.OO

is '00 need fUf ilir:: ,srX:llkoer liifi S~tI)WrldCre'ilt:'C .. i .e•. fiEl'lll,i'!}ff.i .rtriif;lid~.Family members, and [uJ nc:ague~_
~1e:1l,Dh~fi;

]f, hm-!.lcvt'r; 'LIt"i i [ion lloon

,ni1IU..ilt ' ,!ff.d~~u fro?

a 'n;olh'L'!:' Jfiptm!:'f.c

;Speol~1!:" .i:s ,in a 1!I'IWt:1f" 0

Hli:: he:n"C!I'. 5lbe mu.'t'[ t.;'i~fun.Y chw[>.C' nhe

ap.pi'tI;ilJ~~ia:Il!.'!'&!\I,fl!l

O"f pol ~tenes.s.

,Mb-(~ lIj:

fl~.m·

is mQ~ pi'lJ i te lhi;lfii lQh.e:mll.:.r;u. hl;~ ;rJOO ,u m-e;s~lil1gi"l:ri Ijj l1:m'i md'!:fJ kJ? is far mere ~IDI A gOO!l'l ltc, 'IIari~~,V ex:J'JIr.~~iQn!'o: !IN a'!;.'il~I,~hl'(:,l~pendlifilg '1;ii111l !be of t d'L"g~ of '!:"01.iIIiiI~r ne~. As.::! niJn~lil.iH~ fipe.'t~r il'if iJ~'

J:JP~1'IC'.s~. lOO'we"l,;\eli". you ;;L1rC seldom, if ,Co\fl!i![. c:r<pe.c~~ [0 tie ~'br-e to use lh~ ~Np~:-;i(iir'i~. but yo.ll 'J,,'i~~ :~~U' Che,M med~ se i( ils lbeueli' if ,l(llilJl an: aware vf U~m.

nU 7

W'hen SJl't:3~ ng ~~~ I ish 'W:PtIJ nOJJ,-inli1m ve s.peaketr.:s. you C!!Iflj, !J1l\i;;l;Uy ,gl.1~ ~h,~ir fli.!enc:y ~y their fmru ~i3rir)f wl th idiQa1::Jlk: e:l(~J;slans, fC!~ !!l'~!lI.nlp'j~i' tn Ji'fjlm~~llI!<'! "",h :!1;;1YG,"John is !!::lIlg-::lg~d wit~ BClh" ii 11.!t1~!ul or ·'c",g~.:.=~dI I(f' :roo 'C-..1f1 ielJ iJJai. ~hc:'pt'f:o,;.;onts 1IlO~ ~ !'1!:1lj'il'e _.;p.ttlkcr ~r Engli:!r;h. Till! same b 1tU~· of ~hc' J;,'Ip;JJlf!'$~ lnn,!![l:D.,ge. There ,[!~ many tQll~ ..s;}~.III~ble W(lrd ...Of prurtr"ue,,~ Ihm you n~d ICi! be able 10 L1!~ lP~r:ly in vrtl~1" to t'.nlh1\~:!l! your ~d'e;J:O;; ~c~u~~etJy !!l} Ih~ li:stt:J]e.r:. it.'Q. g(J. th. I~i! sna• .!tJI. IrA :mM Ie! are :,;Olilc: '~~ru-npJe.... 0'[ th~ jltU'lucl~~. ~~~ ;i'S orten UlaerJ iIlij! ~ndi!.;:~lte .h.Lt rl!r!:' p~~j Ill_g:''i/.'onbi. are dIe !~"'i;untopie of. il S~f1tcifu:e: 11:'.;:, Wtuwd,i h'll id~l(~~jiil de/Uf. ,8ff is eftcn used ~h~ 'noil' W~I~. as i n. m'lu'J~~~' !in ~D m"l dt?Sijj. de ifH.lit:'.:m~8 a pJ(J;'G!:.. D:$ m ;rU'lWa IJof.!' lJ]fH~tjl
dt!" nl
i,L;,

:No ,I'il!iil~JJ,il~~' fme frronl 'WfI.ttJs ~~J.et:il. is

1;1;'Ol'tl~~

from

(Ji~h~(

kllng9a,ges. and J~]'j~c is,I'm e~-c~pt~un. M I1I1Y :r-:ng[li~1l have 'beg" ,~doplr,}d in J.jJPBIIle.,;;~'. ;~hhougb the Jap,anesr:!' ol)cn pronouaee the rti Sl~ III~fftlf-i'fill~ I'~:l!~ I:fllrt;::cl~ ~f'i!gkc!':!!, 11;;;)1'1 t.~ll'dJy fC!a~1'!J1i l,~ ahat iher "nC:I"e' originilily En.gIL~b. 'N"~fIM"IJJJ:1iIOOI biinJ ilh,"'arnt<c ~hi:s poi [I:~. '1"00 nef!d' 1.0 proul!l!1iWllflc,c ~h!!8e mid tlirh!!r wlUlrifs, wilh Engt~~h QriS' 1'1.::. lb<c; .lI ilp!JI~~~' do ~o I!J[I~ you cen make >'i1lirs.elf llndc~~ood.

~i.'"

[m~n.rhe hr-ilni;isc: ha ,roe chnl!1!(,':clll noM cpnJ:v Ihc l!)rtt.ll'!.mCiaiion, DLi t else 'Uw~ rft.J1Jl1 aml In1trmillgs. of UH!¥C ori.~ill~i'ly En8li~h "'J.'Oi'd.\i;. Jap.'1In~c :-;.~~s. {Ilf~(:nI1rcfl1'r
~I!J

~r.urtc.n

e~ ill i>.',illc!I]~

1)0 ~

ntli

r::~gJ ish

"[J

r'

h~~~~tfiQ

whe~~

r!Uil'i!'.t bJ is pm. m [he end ~1fa !'elni~nti!;l' till' lil1~kc ii' ,~ ' tiJlJ!~dDIf!I. ~(Q' is ,fl'iLk.'irw&.';;i '>'It, as :in ,maid fW l\rUu»~o (foot J~~~~). 1,0 i~ OlJ'ipro!~J:rnolit.CI~t ~lIi",gJIll'nl: !n ··wi.h"'
'ii\,Engll.'ih,
~m'Wi

acoom,r~.n.iall by a '!'!"'rurd indic:at~fiI~Illnn!t; :ili.S, :i III I,rr. j; fri. "m 1."""0 O'i;;!l:IClk.·· NJU' l~ "also," es in UfU1la Itto _ toll .....

;:;Qfi1PUl~~:' ;:m!rl h'rr:/)f fw "ld~vi!!otOn:' lla;t:n: il~ as ~'ell .st"ll~U!;l: F!n~'~ish '~1r!O[(r_~U""c4 i,n Jap:ri'!cS!: whnae

ror '\/;I~lli"d p~e."i-. ...or."

tH

.~~br'r::,,'J.'l~e r,L"I;;JIiI v,'ums:

for C)i~ul'llple.
for r;~!I1YOFL:.d

lif.l!iXi~tm

IfZlltw.i~h fOle >COOIlri,Di:iJ[C'

lin a.rUNn to lah.!?'uli' (ieSII - .~ U wam br~ ThOil,~" they may 'be cmafus,ing at lim~~. ~n,g to. use It~S(; ,p;;:rn;kJes: prope-.r,ly '!,V,Hi.!' i~j].ty
lli'j

to your filLrCocy in Ja,p:llnr:::w.

ml!:llniogs Jlav.r: chnnsOO til'l u gr-~il.ilrt!rnr le....... ~)Ut"IilI~. scr ~:rr: :1I1!lI"Je. !hem 0Ul:: m:-n~y .:ipartrnr::m. cr:jlDilph:~.xer:;, th~j ~frt' (,::ill~d ·'lTi'Jlrufion:s" il:l, J:;;!iJXll'I~ ut"IJ;)Hy rer~m~g ~rf,I C'(indrlmi:n~1Urns, ¥r:'i11!l may find' ::Jl pili r ~OC~~ marked "'riit.o,i:' size," which .fC.'lUy 1I1I!1.!'3inss "nne ~iite fils j II:' i'n::J restuuram • .fu.1:I IU!lij' ~'~~F'o'r:d m~'kkt~'ll 'i(1lliifij!, or ·'ltd il:tJ ~ s;jia(h\~ic~.·· '-"Ii.;JLx~" in tb i:s c:t'!illl!t!iiX[ 'fI1!C1Il1~ ··,ilSsilllil'tl!d.·· ~m~,YCiU 'I,'i. ~IJfiud ",ariO;1lI5 kia1iilii: oJ j.;t}1ll~wirl;~es 6:1'1 one p~[)je.

rOT

(IIr

---~-

16 17

Yi"Ju

01:::1'1'

ho'VC no[i!C\.~ i f:lI the

lIJI,"i~_~, Itmt 1t~tC! J.apn!l\'C5-e

~~fI]c use r;]T'j~ijJ' lila nrrc.s Ito ~ .. oo!.!~,ltIiner. Tht UB~ (jof ,11~1. n:'!m:e_s DS !JI.S.ij,;j II)' ~~miredl ~lJJ f[)1il1j]y membern lloti

close f:iii~l1d~.TiI,~ poilu:: jlU'j Is a'M.(."d ro a fnmi ty ~m!l.'." aRid this can be used 10 ,all'll~ \4nu;:JJ b' D.nyunc: 0"'1::) 14: a ndl .l'l4,;male. you Fig aad gJd" :llliil!IlgOni ,!lnd ~ uaimances: ali Ke" 'Ckc[]~i!}Im!iy ~'t ma,y be' ~!.noonoo eel OnE: ':s r.f$~ name. la!)llneg~ r.Ll'ely add~a..." QRC anm]1i2:r '1,1,1 illloo I, .lIulR:Mlf'i,l; Siln~'';: ki~ld of !tii1t,': CO .lie end 'lJif dile FlI;t'TSo,rn"S name, i3nd SQr,r ls by frtr tilt'! moot OOmmoo. U they fee] diOs!:l' 1'0 yow. HE:]' !TI:tL~ e.uU yuu, rm rn..~lJ..:mt::I;:~, '·i\<,~iJij.l !f{fn:" or "D'tL'ft' .:1.'(111;' eqljJi'L"lIIfej~1 11:0 "Mi "S ,M~[ry" r '~1MrL o Da~;'"· 05: ,;I Soi,gllof 'ffiC:flidiy COOf1~~}I. '\\'lIttn referring ~D }It'!t.II~~l f, h!f.l,"re~r. Y'OLII'!"i.'(Iju!L1 never U:W: ~1:i'.I'!_ 'lll L~ a is po Iililt Il [1("" used OJ] ij~ iWhll:"Jl i'C'~l1iI';i I'!lg Ito olh-cf'.),

The value of 0XIt: Am.e~ic.- I'll rlon~f :lll U("~ua~s Ibctwr.tn .;sOund .~ 20 yC"~. ~Llld tf"l:us iJFl~~ will rn::UlIIJY,IIP[w''lJi' es In:rg.~''l'lurn~l€fS" For 'Iolxarn...pk-:, It ~Q;SI:s 700 lo 1,000 yen til ih.'u)'~lundl. ~lO yen to 'blJy a hom~ of beer. 6011) yen [I!') ~ J cab for Ihl::' ffii f.sllnt:ile, ilirred 2.000 t[) 3.00] Jlit'n ~otake n m.lL~ fFom
:rnI!J.t'f'..

(IS 1.00001, lD.OCIO. 100,(1011 .and .rnl]yhe

~h~ "NelM/ To~o Takyi)).

Anmh!:lr mhigl:g:;; in

l'lntil:rniltiO't1.11 Aiq1Or~

IlQ dQWfltilYWn

i!!'!1IIJOJtrnn 1ft jtn,g to

Iem..:rnner

wh!l!TiI ClOum~'ng

You :OOvc ~I!:'aml:d ~l for the number "mWtI'"

ILl I'IlL

B,!

i;be IUiiJ:'i(;

h~li.~ ~e~med m:my OOlllEliti!filg: in ]~lbt~

yau .

iR C;~By. um

itQm,p~J.'!le i:fjc roU1l>C. ,~Cl!1l.I _ lIl1ill1n:: numbers, l'bu wi IJ

in Ihf~, '''''''1J ~
I'i~d

JnparteSt: is ~hrJ[ .thcRl' :J:J'C! a wi~ 'ffirii:f1j of WlilIil'dtl:: 1l'l~!2d as ··cnUIliI~i'S,··bnt mu:;;;t ~.cOOIlJiP~Gy lile l nli.lmoo~_ The HiI."VTJ nlJ.t::r"' yau use wrll 'io'r:JJ'!lI, IIlcpen!ilin~ ,~:ugeiy Ofl Ii:.~ shape or U:~e miJ~cr~;l ~ j\\O~~ ,LIre ir"OLJlI'lr~n..,g. ,~n I~ II] i"! i t. (lilT ex [)mpjc. )10111 hm<e 9i:;:'.[!rned fr, 'J'{)I~ for "two tIDules." ilf)fj is 11m ';~I'Iii:er·· ,rOT tr,mg !hirn~s, 51:1(:h ~!S 'h!ouk,s" l~$. pol~. peneils, ~Iir:. etc, "One ooUII~.'" ~~tl'L!le~~r. hi. rtot "(.'ili hiW~, btu ~pptm. ~ree btl~t'le..'i··i~stll~ ht.m, ,1M ''5i:1ll: II;x.mJes-· is mpptm. A.hhll[l~ ~hc'p-oouncimioo 0[' iJ'(ffl m DY a~1f ~!!lI;;~m!l:§eWi~:/"iO'lH i::JJ1(Y ~ogi~a~ ,roTI$iMelJ~y.iJ[ has simp:ly OO~ ~djllst-i.'liid tur
easier pfmlnlll~i.'l.[i~'t [hu:!l u!:M'lfllll1tl"e
b{1!IJiks. :g,1'I~

I!t1:Jj~te.r hr~w

large: liTIoc
nu rnI~r$.,

number :m~.y~.

You wll I Iileed!'tn ,lrnffi"~ large

1il1~:;'31ZinES. 3100 dar, 1]1i~~ ,ror :~umy kinds 'uf nlio.cJ:Li:JJ e;ry ]llilti::::lludiIlg' I;:om,pu ters, !r"ilI rs, lund! heii:!Jv)' in d!lJ.stri!il. eq [Ij]!l m eru;

"If.', used

Two !f.I~lhe:~ ·~cDUn[t:ir.t' YO'u lIl1~y

rmill'.il~ lI11a&enJd ~uell1i :as; ~~Ii,

. ~im m,o

aRiIJ1mJot~u~ijlD In ~hi~lI!rni you lJearu t,

~'
:Ill rna il .!lind M WQIlII:m

ILrying

10

un Ihe ltim'l: ro DlI~e:tfor

~L~rem::Hivc ~~s:ti~'lq1fi,

I~ rnruli tll, hOW~f. )11;l1!J1 bt: .muoh more ,suo[ic 'Wh~fiI i:J~.ey rm.i:o.f iSiJ:p'~ a iIlIe~iiI-Ii ~'~ niiSPOflc!oie" Cgnc~mcd wi.h :;;;ovi ng faee, dl.e J:lIp~iest resort m' a '!oI'ruie~y ~l" '\l'Crool il_.od!l'I.rnlvtrooJ WJl1Imuliie'[]!. th~jI' can,
uon :o;;ft:r.)h:,gii5i, ,lmn ;uvoi!l! deCf~y~ayunjl,"1]0." w~ne\"~i[

[:I, i!1Ifli I'Ik. and m::dcing lni~ PaTf.'!.'W~!t~~fu I pnilel~~tt.. '","oj] I f1ni1[QJC J;,']pag~~r: reiIJiP1e co

Ja~~ncs.e ~an.~lItleJ!: hils !!.'>I;~m,l?f.clil:u rii;.. !:illJcemill£, r .. dhe ieveb of po'~ii'encs~ and i'iI~ r':li!l!ilitllo'! 1I~!1.::CSe':!iary irg diffC'ren~ .sQo;;~~j iilii [J;a~iOTl:O;;.ll}ru~!i!'hflU~: .ltc C'fioLlr:oi:Q. YO!J h il.... J eamed RioIN [0 Sope :tk !"!In [11..:- "pn I i[C,'"" k'vcl e ;..Jf1prn)jf1-1l:Jit!' in ~ iii1miJ!y "n)' ~ji[LHHjnJi you ilN!' h ~I~' !La emCGit..tnD~r in ,l['lp~Ji. ,A.~ ~'(i!1lJ li~le:n no eom"f'~~BiIlfls ~lW!St 11 }~pi1.J1CS;· Ifri"'nd~. :yrau ~n;~ ...hl:=L11"more inlf~~IiDl1DI
11le ex IJression~, FOii CX:Jf:l1pi inS!lii'dd' Iilf ,as.kiii),g' /II{jj~~jj: fl!"Sif ld? f:o~ '~Wht:ll:Iril!i1~ i!i ~!~!' liIli~bl simp]}' rulk. IIUJl thr:y ji'!' "'Vhru Ir.im~?" Anl[ilficr iI.'i~,~m,pt~ s ~"'"fak(Jim for ~

rt.

rurn (lM... ill, :~r(IoJ?OSi'!i I i... ~Il.l' n ~1!ln!im,11 SiJC;:i1L Wfl.cn ~IJI do nOI re!..~jve ,ilfl umil11!l},t!~[ne rf'sp.JI!II$e ttl! :Jf.I nffur, ih~1] .h¢ IU:hi:1I1'i.'"C.f,. mr tfrIiI~ the p!:1'StJt'l d~ nnl 'worn it'!,!! .H:!C~,P~I, 11m ill the !h~IITI~ D HmC! dees 'nnt w,:m~lo offltnd yc~!,!:ur make ynu ri.':!~1bad, ,1\ fang !l[oeliil}' in ;respiJ-Jl GUn g' may ~"tC::.mOl:hC'f ~1[J]] Qf I:cfuS;jJ!. 'I 0 J'a~lIn. un~~.'is.¥>DLIi :ttrll:! !:if!'C:1kiJl~!r ''Wm~~l, som';:~:riIe yo.u IkJIOW 'l'eri wdl ,w!i!llill, :l "nll!t~ IruSI, ,I;;:Nisa.&. you wjU mrd!f hear '"
IQQmmDn
~Ijli

nne

way

"unde rstoed" ramer th~JIllNY:t'I'tm-ir.tJli.l'MI"(j The JI""JJ1ltle".h"C langullgC has, m:Jny ~;I:rs .for [lie sgJe,tl~E~ ~,jJI di ~~~I~!~~rf h~[w!ll.e.1l :foroml and i!!llf\l]m~ilil erprcss tans ~,i!lI d.H Iy
COrll\l"tTS~Hi!l)m;_.

diffi'-cugt Qu~Uon, cspE£.!Idl'y W~fli .lh~~io'IIl.~\A'er' hl'lVO.l:vcs 001't1l: ~ nd ®f. oofu."i"l!!. HQW d:O 'IolI~l!l1 :rem~;h rh:u I'evd'r. ]. wnlJ. i'.iiib some cimc. b Llli. if ~~ ~.tt:sen:siltiw in an~ih.li\l'~uilh.!!R: i:l:Li!i te d_iff.cfel'l t frum YOOri'i:, ;;lind bmre a ,pctqJ'live ~:tJtLiltlli!lle.UJi,,","anrJ ~diJ~i i,lllog: lu it )IOU '","rill be nb!e' 1t>D at:lquim .!he Otlmmm!i.;;.,uiOll skills nec~S-.!1..~Ilo ~!il::Lbj'~Il." ~ini<li!1l~ and de're!op tru..~n,g n;:iaDi(l:.msltipi wi~hllhe Joc~ pooptt.
:J.

sarnigllt: an.~%i.'~r ~~:"',\::1I'lIiO

bl!lJ[ Ithi!'O hLlppcm; IWhc:11you r~ilm ~l1y ~:olilei~n1"ilgUil~i:'. , The- '!.'!N:f-liCssio:ns l~l::J t YOILII n:tv.e kalmOO in ~hilii <CiOune 'iNni ~ Str:n.'!i;· ,[B~ i3i MmFi~ basis 'fm lmde:r.l-i'tillntl'rn,g ~'bc: JiJP~lIiIcse ~!:)rli:, aliiii!ll gi'l,'t::n IhiJl h:lsi~. )IO!ill ",dJJ he able COlll('lf!2Ju=nsioll as '>';,'cllll1'5: the :nb"lily Ifg select the i_~iLlitr;;: '!;~~ for each ditl!:lrell r sl tI!..lI'U10J1_ 11'le ~e'Vel iIlf p:iJi!c[ij~!'i: lJl\edl throu£ium. the: eourse ls .:lu~ltiJb~(: <cnn,"~rsat~onwu th ~.)' Japal'le~ ilEli
r~iStC,mj:i1g

WhC'IJ ynu vi!.!. Jrifl~ 11 ;DFltl' Ii stcn [0 ~ COIl'l/',r:ffi:U~OD 00 [\!.'ec:[Ij ~,wu friii:lIiI(I:li. you mJl1"'he di~Y~m~d at flg;s,t.

k.i lilIc-ve'o,p~ur

s'fI(:alre.r:

~1

Uni( 11

'¥he'D!
1F.ll'i~~ ItOiJiiC.rd

iDVllio{; :'t 1~tS!Un ~a} do ='I!:iIUilC rh~ng. r'CiU Umrve ::J ('If fuml!~ in En_,glish ~nij1!X,P~'i.S '~r~r.li!J s d",gmc.~ ,of

The J:opaqe._~ 1;I]:so ~'I1il)1.'!1 Ithfil!' d~Jellii:nce ~lY (:h;:m~ill,g how '~heyc~.d a sen liCnlL">e:_ :rn !this; illii.: you 're9.n1e(i Ptaw YD'i,I! ,Cfi.TII ili!'!;,'11re 011 ~F;Son (ill ,ha~ !uoch nnd I.h!ll'l:eii 'L'!.t~rh ynUII" l"1)!.! oould diIeei(,,-, ~k. U'iit rc~il}11 ,",J1i1!~h~r 11l win h~!'''''e: ~u eeh wjlJ'j },"(IU h}' ~

Ikdi·te"~.

the

l'is..1leQ!.'lr

;!olil:Y~ n~. !i'nllu/ii

10b'Nlr1/1l'!~rJJ~ 1'{Jh,CfflW~~kIf? "

,~iJr If.I~li'!.rc ItlT:iln!'i:lraedi

,]lIIpm'lefle

:"P.C;;iJ!~II':S...

(11!s,

~~*liliJn.

liltC:m~_ry

li.:J; "1):0 you 11'<1'!tI1:' h,.!!rJcJl, \Vid1 IT!c?~' is fur too d~lec( iOliIclI ICCin~[i'.S;n;[~~fl5:. flOJnl,

eve iii orf~'ns; V'C' and, wou Id m)[ be used i,n ae [lJlIall The ."trett!J~.sJ"i['i: 1EFLti'.N: tli!llft ]ib:~.)11:.0 b.i

diflnr:[, iie:;;;~e[i ~~Iy_ The word guMJr. hmvevcr. flr]CiUl~ "rice" fitlillcr Ihi:l!!i ,11:mC:;;JJ, S i!'te~ Ih~' ,tt'l,pl~ r~ fn ],I]Pilll i)O rice, ,rc,gubJi"J~fltSe ltllt'".ilb ILi'C c!Il!mbllf'l:'.HimiiS Mf rice ,~ml vmou;s i'j;tdr;: di:\l~')" SQCtl as fi:r;;fJj. Iill~~, ';~gebtbla8. CgSB. ere, Mill'iy pen pl'c-. cs.,~~ci,:l1~y Lh~Jt';1e if! dlle' youngoc!r i:_!ii';!'[E!li r.llllio.l!II. ofli!:i! S lJbsl:i H.IIe fUO~ '~~elf"{) ;style' m:C'rus stiCh as hm~;ad. ~1fe-.iAJ!l:, MmtJurpC!rn. ~u. "~mB pi1.7.;a f'(llr Ir.lOl:. und ill fact ILh.e ,[Ooo!1l!..1mptihu[l or rice' In. J:iIi,~ilq h:JS ~n $[\o",",J'y ditC"reil-,,,[n_g iii! lrecl!".n~,y,c,~~. &!;h lfI'tl:r.'IJ~ b~reve'[. is t'OtiJ'l t"i1H.fld Q.oIron. ~~r1I lbnn,g'h ~ou m{lY no~ h:l'~r:I ::::io,f1;lj;. : ~rm]'n of rice, i[).GftL·~ be (oofu~.o,d w1I~~1i1I SOm~~ :"iJ],''''; [lit!' }r{!oU,. n~~l;l:sl!r. ' lJa/~Jmd rabelll{IW~ m? and ll::j~e$ you M
'!Jre;,dd':IS~. IIJnch,
:J ~Q

IL1Jmoo d$;!WVii. A.skiFlj

the

:!ilfl

me

QUi:5Ut.!'li!
,f,!

ln a

ftliC'gn'[ive

1,0 an A_me.li~M 8ty]ie

p~~ ..

resDI:l.Ur.J:fi1

[.

i.c.,

U'fIlid!ilni
lIS

i~' 1iiro~lJ!J(m

1f1lh'm~.n'l1

ka '!

i( '!.'!td [ p1'Ii1bilhly mal~ Iht n~L.eIilCil' lfll!cl nlillfC 'l'm11 ront./lbl~ 'I!~ I'~r ae~ptilf:lg oj docl ~rlin,gIr:he affc r, This is eqni .... .!l!r.f:rill' !'@' ··Why d(ll1'l (,>iJ'ifIL'ii.{_~r.lhly son!!:
i1I1d

thr; IOO~'.

ytIU ••• , :!1nu

_ r· -,,"," ;.....
H'!IJiID

iI;.!...~.-

[}'oo

•__,. .lin J:;O£:~lSJII.

'J!'..

I':

I'

'When

ynm,

Oli'

t:Yh/lJ1 i~ ndd~' til:!' fl£~. hJ'n~. arid! mornilDg.. ::iflem!l(J.'JJ, iIlJ'1d evcning. it mc:rr'L~
WinfJl1

th

:yen. lOO yelfl, 50 yeti, n~ j yen.

)'cfi. !i,OilJIlJI j~~, ~1,tI I.ID!}) }~1711U~o. arc Qr difr~reJll ~i1~ and [flilu:r-il. AISfi! .bert: :!Iu' ;six hI JT!lds, (:l!:Iini!i:: 500

value Q!:!h1~1 ~Hle d'.oU;,w hns ~p'pro!: iiUIi:.dl til bh~ ~""i: t ...... d~C';Ilik!'>, [iiII the: e.tuly ~,'I}70':s il!!fir:: U'S dol r,Br ,eooh] iliI ~tl}' 3t.I:o )'ii1I'L "u r ~t i~'wtinD~ .:J00ui. ,I to II Zij TC<ln ml'W'. AII'h~ljBg,h in wrH~ rl~ it is !l.~'julm,1 iiil';er;i as ··Yl:(J:' i(So ri'ton IJineiation ilS, mart: lik~ m. 'liit!~ ase Ihru nul.'¢S;

Th-r:= • 'yell "'. [J~

i~le

us:

.,mil M

l.:!Ip;:]n~

C'hIIrtrCnc,:Y,

and hs

!be per:'5;on ufilJ],I; ahi~ C~PR:!lSLI)Ii1I hil!;i nO ,in~~[J'Ltr,.ilII D:f ~iUi~ rhc Otlli!:'f [pef'1.l00, ever ~.grun. Jhn as: ~ra!J,1,e'i;1!ii"fi'io'>d ~H I~]isUnit. it c:;ilf~ be readiii}, tU~td m I~le end L'l!f le~'C"t)' (O'IJ"'!'}TI:;;]ITQI'I. Jill tile JihiilliC: l"rlimlvc:r.smifI.Q. you hr:.a:ru ,iI
female £pea~r 53)!' .t~)'CRaJ!n; }tiltJ ln~la ('IJdli.r:a. She Ikn!l"!~ ,U;a~, '11ie ~i II see tlte: genlileman th~ 'f!~~[ d~rflDr ~ dinner •• Inti' :Suy~ St~~"11(11,(]. i't is; .hQ'i.\1'eVfr, a ,r:tUt.le-.r ,lnrartJ:ta1 oJ eii'!'ilin.g a '£:nll""'ers.tliiOJ]l,. iill'lilil i~' s.h!!:l!LliId be,

no

IO.tJoO

.or

u\'u·ld~,

in a more Jurm:d

~~r

Cl)J1tcJ(,~

_w~h as b!.!Bin~,..
niiiC\i."!SS:;;tij"U~.y Illlt:rn

)'~ n,

and I ),,(;'0 ..

Ne\l',~([he!~. ~aJorram "~QQd.bye ,t"ore\r1':r.'<

d!l:i!;;";; nar

W1:!l ~c',1\ Fftr:rirr.j}n~ g 1'1. &'CQi:r.J] C[!rry' ~i'uJ'l!! t:'a.'ih JII'I[I use c~il 'L:im:r~ i3.111tl ~:Jreet.s i!!15[e;L(:I~ 'tf1:e }~Pfil'le..~!l:'people rl2 nlill W 1'j.JJj,Y cash ...... th~y ~n ;)~D;prJ ng, 'Yn•• wiJr ~ilHl hen Jrnmv ikR'I'ids of 'L"oCndi'llg m:!II::hi nes ~h~u:l;cl ~. wide m fJ~!.'1' of .hi Il~. 'rrum wfJI' dli~~h iffrIin ik~~:'i. S'olinr;: 1i1I-I! !o 1ImI:!hi.nes; .:JI;C-eP! 10,,000 j1'eIl DOteS. llflld give ~h:m~ mil b~~h,prlper mOii"!ie)' ~jl_d roj,~.,

or

,fon:,\i~r'"UiJj"01J~h rnovles, ],V dnml&li"i, ~ nd other kinds me of rnedia. II: m~ iniil~':i!:'diJif'iPJ:y in !'Oilm~'OO!'li~e','Il;1:8 ~[

.~j?i.l1llilm

has; 1~lIi!me

widr:::ly

ikm1!WIl

as "~)l}mI.b,lfC

K"nl;)win;rr how [Q C(Ii!.iI~~ t~impm'it.ml in fNd£r me. fAllrtlClicf:I proP'H~}f ill'i 0l!1li)' lilngla'lt&11L YOlll nurst be: i]h~;:;!: r<ii C-OOIIU so lMt .you can unth:rntand Itm! ptit'c:s of i!oOOS you 'W,'UU '[0 ibu}'. ~n'fces t~l. yOll Wj.S~l [C!! use, nn~L"¢ ~afl!!: ~rn tions, and! ~ On, NotiVi.Illbat yO!1llm\\e k::tmcd 10 caUIil t from OHI;:' 10 [(If!!. and ~1~11e.1ll ",(Irk !lEI !'1ilJmibet::!; !t;! oilOO'!.'e [en, the J:1I!s.t "'''IU r, be: qll~m !l:'ili"y. JII.]$I as loPl,g IlS )'01.1 l'uIow [he first leI\'!! numbers, )'00 'C~Jl i1110 &I fl.,)'

9lJ. oS'i nlG'li' by oofblbinin,g them. filii nhis unit yoy. have lcam:ed ~:4. IS;iIl!ntl16. T~l~)' \'I,~H: !!;i~nply
'm:tIII!li~r' Iyr
'[0(11

rw

of th~ P1l0g~ s~Bml]{:alj'R, The m05[ 1'1 04Jl1bl C'!' ch~mc:tJ!ri5LN: of 1~Xi11C15C: fll"d order i:li: ig~;;!~ nile ii'VIJXirt:iJn~ W wmd!'1, ;Ilie' p'lll~ at I'n!!COli of,~ .loiCnt.erlll;;;e, unlike Bnglis'h "Ar!liich pkice.'i: the il~~portantWlO.ru.'l O{ dtc I),;::,ginning of!O-r ,eMly in the seiI'Jlt;ne~., [0 nhis uni.:.f'O'!.l l:er!trliiicil h~J\'!I te '!!lay ~!ll1 liU11:tf!' imJ'll.~rl. !IFf '·.1 have n~lilIncy:' [Ill f'Io'n1Icr 1"0 ffiil};.r: li1liSl sentenee ru..giuiiv ....i!!ll ~Str.!~Ls.h. you odJ "de . I '11101:' 'or HduU'tr.'" bcro~ ·"h~'Ve," hi J'::iJ)fITIc.'ie. on I~~(:
0fI~

order'. is

mLil!!l~ up of it-en and lour,

il:eg und !i/1

five.

lteo itlJOOsi1t.

~pecti"';cly,

You I:~n ~Clm~ue n

<COllin

i iii! [he

~~1J]e

'IM~yIYP {(II 19, Then iil ,i!' <Ii C'urnMmnJ'on. oJ IWn ami ten, ~~,. fl'; )1" Ym.l :rn:l)' ,gue.&s tll'ml the -'liU'IIlf! ,1iU l'iI,l: ~ i .I1pp~jcdl lo,e\'ttj' IfIUmoor ,iJfu:r, 20. 21 L",pi Ji~i'dd. or "tVJC', tJ:!1~ ene," nf]ugh ''!lit;. ::tr(' onty ~niltg IIiIJ unim(llL.oc' <11 rr.'"1;~~ I
IlICliJ;'

n~ht'T frk:md. yn~1 OIl]}' Inlh~ .U s]lghi '!:'h::m!-IC i'11I lh~ I~~I ,p:~n nf Ihe ~I!!11tence; inr.ftSll til! im6~'~n_ .Br C'h:lJ!'1Iging ,;-~ .... ~nm'Q,~fll'j' ~L"il! C:31li 'm-:t~e poohil.J'€' 5't::U'e.r.m:ocm inn.'!' a u iii n~~i3j'iVol; one. and ~t ch~.H.ging I'\l,~n.1'(10 jil'l15h~hj'. y.~u have :nI .s~l11(:IllI:C' clIcSCir:ibi ~l,g U Jijl""[ c'Il'lj!'m ,r.alh~r Ih~UJ ah~ p~~"!. WbIle Ih~~' riI.! lei are fyui tc e;;l.'iY h,"'i l!111:1~fSit;.J!r.Id, in ;~ll,;"nHd ~ij)iIiI''V,e.!i!'t;! [i ons I b!:lY i1.~qll!!ift" :y!IJll.lf -~,wcin I

!i.m:f.ltioi'll., '(.em must ~i~~en to

~lI)'

liliCi.l1100r:s, illil

,:In.}, IIJIJ:lj&. we

hupe

you

nti~'ru!e earl)' :!I!ll~ be ready for ~aG~ wW ~J:!dJtede.ncolll!ll1e.r lhl!lm in yvur inillial enrl)1' 1'0 j'Jlp::m,

~i II 'lJf!.dcr.sI.!ll'ld IUlmbcrs. ,LIS yun

end in ortlCii '~tli rull}, l;:olI1.1l'reh!<:nd ",lic[h~r r~I!;'l .Ic,Ikotl!r is ~ :!layiin,g eL[h~r '·1 iltcl]'lre muncy'· 11[ "I do nnt niu'e; moi'l\:Y:" ~'I J'o"'e you.' or hi do not hn1'lC: yOI!J:" Givilllg tIlE mili~[ impo.rt~lIiIl 'infbm~iil [~tfl!1l ~~ IJlil:'It':O!!.! se em s, 10 'I: ha r,;:u::lu:iI"~1;..,;:' Ihe b,pan-c s~ mii:rmli:!,11 {li rol'l!'lllllunt!:rrli~m. lIlJa, !illdy en Ih,. S!l:iI'iIteIlt:C le"tl. bu! e Is0' in wril i!!lig,~ ~iJg~J}h, a :ttt'ii~~ eoss.~Y. gi'l' i nil' a SpecChl • or ira ,negoHn.ion,;;. J1'I, I~l~ N:or,th AmAl!riea.n ,culltuFC, yl!:!u

~~JlLt:I)Qe~n i~~ very

.Amollll8 'UJ!:. llllliir'i~roDS drf{e~Dus be~wcen J;i],panL':~ ~J'j!l.l. Englil!ih, iI:hc 'WOlf ~ senl.~i]CC: PU( '[O~d!le.r. '!,'1;I'Qr.d

as

:!iIfJll:'

1tiJi!i.ll·!\t

~o di::.!iJ'ly state }'OUr

I iil'1.~Ifi:i!llIU:

bcgi~!'!Iing of YOlJlr :W!:t(X!rn.~h~, Jal"m, di::velop~1Iiigeae's ideas: !ilrnvly '~!irJto!.!t matial! ei:'LE.ni~ points c ~(';,1f, Ill' IU~~ ~ng Ur:.1'(nilrgc~ a nd i!''''ID; i ve e};.,~feS8ion1i, IO(!~lI::ly :l:;u"\JoI,i.med. i'l!rilly hi fHi n,g .::n the ~~iBker I w I!il.(:r·~ ~~d im.emTOIfI, is: (:~Jf'q!5ide.refl rus ,1]. "cul tu red m.... nncr" iIlf CuHlfitun iCQlion, 'Ci;)rmi!l1i!:!'from ~~

p.r~f!it~ .iil. Iti1;ji! .l!nd deb;ilni!:Jo. l'f'1I

YOil !fi1:1Ly h"JIvc oofi~ by nillW I.hllj[ th,:;r:e' is lEIO C lear Mel !Cxpl i(:il. dI[(~I]'l."c bel:'tirl;:~TI s i FL,gul;1 r iIInd plum] r~m'Il~ 'of nmm!i:. Jn Gf!~] isb m~l w,oru<; need an "s" or "es" ,lIl ~ ecM In indie.a~e pJum!i.:s, rnu ,nlrllSiL JiilPi1ret~ word5 dtl
I'

·'(1:13'1" fbr

ck~. Ilii~!. al!li:ll ft.<llIlk is; v ,i.!l~ii:'4lI, fcc I 'f!otli'[uKd. .rlf.i!;l~mr_lled. 'Or even inilil.1[ed hy the J:J.lJ.ilncs~ mllll'hfi£T iJl' C0111mnnic.u5orl !.vru!:h ilTilJy seems In bcal aro!.JIld the bosh W,i'fhlJi![~ m.avifij!l ill ~U'l.J' clear d!tr~ettQ[I, Bu L if 'yOLl n:rnni!l1 O~i1I m lli~ d~ff~liCooe.! !i!;5: you ';Hin f:lm:iI'lC:), YOIll \Y~'nalse ~e! :l
eu [lurlC. 'Where ~[n.g you f'P~.y .(li times RIme ('jrcu,m~t:ICu.w.l1,

no t !;'Jl.1i1.Ili~' 'Vhcth~i" an!! If'lQ!JIIS; OLr'(: 1l.'iilll.lnEabJe N u neou [~1abl(j. )'00 Cil" IUI~' laJtr/;!,Ylri fw' ".i1 ill1 •. 41iK"' aDd mkm,.'hi r!.llr. "a li~mk·· of "n t('}w:' f'O! l'xampl~" "ont::' 'beer" i.s MinJ' ~f1Jh'm. "!\\f(j he!:'J1"'" m~ hJ'ln! Plihuj,! • .And ··!1'1<~ny~.;::rsi'! is bUm laitri&m, "r have a ,Inc,it!r(~on~,~'" i5! '!ilr{.~rufrili'tJ Oiwll.fJ (.l! ill'irWflJJ fJMj"ie j~5.f! ,[]nd ....W ,l'.riflV~ ill ~in!~ rultlnc.:~{· IS 'k '(jlflSlIi i<ltl!l I'lk(ln? (J SIIM, ..hi m~ji~
l/fJ.l7.fU,

Th!!!,

W(!;f.d

~jko.thi has a ... ·,:met~ of fu I:'Icriom;

in dH~ly

C<Il!'l!''Cr5;;rtions<. .l[ nlD~ ltJlly ;stalttl~;[!!liJ~ 1.0 m~n ~ ~ffi.I:i1]~ ~u:;mLity, 'OOl )'Q'.LI Ulilll also ~:Jy ~1'li'j~,(Mlrr ill '~fAWI3l()€I H ~ ~Jk_CJ,'[JJ f hmrliSkhnfi':lNl. mea li1!~ng••m spea k 111 !i u le J[!!P:UlIe..;;:c," .!lrllon:oili i.rQsl~.:i thlll,. "I W;)fU :J ~mule," fit ";'Lfef'l<" n~D.'ihi {i:f1dJii'.cima...f. ",r~'\~ linleo ,[M IDle.:'! ~

--

-~--------~~--~-

wi rh i:l: hld'y £lyii!lJl!: ill€. kim€~l.t._ :~'t il.ef.3lJy nll!':Ul::i:. u~ BIID goin,g'·" Of "I" ilim l Jcllvin8:" \\fheIII hp~n]il!Se ,[ljfl' .s.u~h~re, Illt)f 1.II~t;!\UUy SLy i~ Ith:1l.SC ~hejt<Ii~ i~v~1Ili: ~hl!1d. ~n r""':tpi)i't'lC, 111I:e 00 pefW.l'l w:hIP' i~ .5tliyin,g Sill~I'5t:ile r&:ill~i.!il~'fa.tly r.11~1ft_1 [J~., LOPIl'las~ gll:i•• ' Of ""IDU~ ~heyuse :this e~"~Jfie&~jO'J] wis.h lQ llIe ~.r.son a g~ I[rlf.t lVlD~fl ~np~e C(li~n!Z' OOIitle: I~DC}l :S:J,), Ituloima, or ';~[! jl!J:d CWTLe fttoJrnle'." 1[<0 rwJ'iJC:h Others ve rn:sJnnd by ~Ji.ng a.t.r1ell'j"llb;Joi. Ili!i!:ani~~g,j,\\fc~oo~' back," "be."<~~ti) of ~~~ings; .excb~!i'i~~ wJhm pel!'lpl~ go in ;(l.flrl 0[1 [' ,Or tnc: hOIl'LC .il1'iC ',,"'C-ZY commOn am 0!IJ,g!, tht J~pn.n~ and you are SU~' Ul ~j~~ nhem w.hl:f11 s~aYlng ~n
~ oon~~!1'tO~

i nJ d~~~ ILlj'ji~~,ei."in

'too have h~n:P ,rilttl l:lp=ule.:se nrus ~wo 'IAIOrds f\Olf "g~vc.." lVhe!1 y!l;iu gi.c~' oo.Hlclh~lII,g In s:orrJClJne. YOIlll U~ US,il~"'i, jJJrul1 if' W.JTn!::bndy gi'!,.'!.1S ~1OOI1I;th;1J,g ~:i1 :y01i. YOUI

use bllt't...
li~t~ne.f.

[iil

t1rh:i~"!i. 'W(; di~'I;:19$5iN Dill: dHr~rcrU, '~\~I~

th::n ho,\'e di,l!ri¥ed If you are ,s.ivif!~ :M:illll~rhiti,g 1:0

of pI.lh~lleni:Ss; ~e .rli."lpJays. iDo OOnvenl!1ll ion, dcpi;mdi:r;:g! !il11 Ihe smrus diff"C'l'ie~iI;:e ~l"i)i.\~t'J] [~ s-pc.~ker ;md lh~
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a J.!iplm~~'

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di:!:pal1rni!:l'It store.

filt~rn T;.gen', ,;md ll;J'i~~. sOllu:one. In Whcrim ,)'fiU jim ¢i"i,pi!icwd ~o ~ho\\I' 1P'l"[UI~['jC:SS HJ. 1~11ti3.t1d1 ~1:.'f,bi te ".SE'i:w. :[I!1d say .'iil$M{]g£~I'. ,A,2ailll.

gm h" ~,JI!Jpan'li!Se friend.

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rm ~ru'"Il'i~I~. may ror Il~j~fij ,L50 ,Utilltlkll,

::J n:dI -rill!:

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Q

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itQJkrL1Hlt1~llfl or

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!bis ~vel!lin.~. fO]JD",~. hy i~.w, H(!~. this means .~, rar:' You win al&O:nQ'ti'C~ lh;!\[ in li1lil'~neiSC 1l1~ wmds tlf .pfu.i.i$eS 111.",[ indiC"~l~e' mi me UIfC 1LlS1I;;i]I}~ IPJac~d iii ~~ begi:nliin.s ,of ,II S-elfirtemce. run I~kc in .EBgl~sh where these wrnrrls aru; IIUWilJlllIUy "U the ~~~d. You J(i;;J.Y Ir.tct:i'icit 'I,\'hr.:n :a J~p;ane~ ·~il"S;tt'Ji 5"pe".ilks to y!Jl!1;.! :1"1lI ,E'F1~1 !i/he i:;ll], mIry n~bhJ]>Ilny bi::~i[J a sentence w:i til till] 1;', .such os, 'i·Y~lin.crd,a,~".~ Wi!nD 10 !'>Oe 1Il1, rrieod:' "'l"OOilY, whm
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)"tIll

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'!,,,".'iflt

w hen J.r~.FlliInc:!o;cp!tnpk iI'U.miillLl{,(, ~ihc ir :f4mi Iy members. p.;lrll~cikwJy ihdr .... I ~!)~!:':I'. [fl.!::y 'wi I~ ron;:ly' iilltTOOlllC;C U~ell1 by jhe~r :J'J~ume$. RiJ Iiii cr, (hey w;i U IJ'~~I fQu .l1{)l.'" ~h~)" me rd[_~lro !O each if'fi her, \\fIa~iI1 .M'D'.S i:UO
to,
yn!.h

'word or phrase i'l1dh;:;[jj~iIlM lil!blc"

In

l\'flUlnr.:x {'Qft!pJ rc:Uinll is tfiHII 1ilJhrt:ft1 }'w W,illl~'IllJ rt:f~r WlilktJn~' ~.lSiC hl!lsbimd 't~r w~r'C. yoo 1!JL'ill:: di If"erc: III '::,0
po~il!:J!W~

Mf" '"y,C!m' hLL'lb~i1d;; .y~n.!! l~1~ 1 :!iilillpt~, :iiill! .go (.tlif pol i!~J]C:;;:Il to .'{'llujm. and .!j~)' Imllle 1rI! S~~wjitf. "Ylt;iur wii:c·· is. tIfltj{t/ nu m;~i.JfI'n_ Hi:;re Vole
WClR.l, uklt...'f'(III. whii;:h mot.lllru; "a pi!: ~t~fl di1!~p un:-..idt: (~'he tJoo:§~):" C')mi~ hQIIn .Ih~ Nflr1h Amerk~1iI cl.dn:i re ~1"'rt: eqi1i'i~iEy l;e~\'!,'e'm.l two ~cn~ DIi~
Jm~'!2' ~1. dJ.r I:I\:IJt

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is .~ ~crill'lUS coneern,

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J;;J~.Jl(,.:le ~!.[Une]] ·are

·mo.y b(: !lJJ-smf'ijs~c-d ttl! s~e ~h::lt ~i1l.U ~rwa[.ed ,;;L" a m i"rt9fiity ilJl' u

~hru: R\!!'~h dJ~~L'imir'jill[~~ !!Ii'!£: or ~Oliil~ is. p.:!!rt]y ~ b'J'anil~ Ir~r il. ,Role diifrefiClUiallO'!i Wil:tftI ~_ An S!!.X is nlu~ d~s:[im::[ in, Jap.m thlln in the D1l11ii~£(j1 :S'[~.ws 'W'Id J.ap:jJlile.s~ WOf.il.t.1I1 maf ~Ippeaf to ~ diiiCrim IDoteilll .u,g<lin.'S1 by IillWn. TIUIl, ~i~ty ls crJan_gi[l__g. howe'o'u, ,hdll11ei'tO~d by the ,gf;o'~.. 1 Concern rm ~daIl,
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<lind ~~:~igi!J!iili5 equ!ll (I,y and is 'impo ...L9,g ant!

.so.:fi!ti;:

'When yow rn!::~tsemeone for Ijh~ ri Ii'SI. ~mm~ ¥I;IlU gl'e~[ 'Qot ,peirSm by ~:l"'i,'jFLg "Hu~ do you do~ Ple-',.J!;~uEto .~t:I' you ,"' or ~~Ilft~ihin.£·sifll~i'krr" Muny J<LjJ1."mfSe:' ,people s~y Jraji,~uJmtlJ,h'ile. do'l,(;') ~'-'f)'f'U-';hl&~'_ li t~r.a '-I y,

in~""Eir[:!;:
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am mct"~ill1lgyOi,J,~ .:Or the JJi.rsl und :jr n!il~ eorne tiiii ,00 IIJ-Sli:d ::IS Din j,nhjaT ,~~tiHg rciilKut_ J:(}:A 'j~om!tlIil.:rl is: ~ mi:J~ lrnplid [ >f:1('~~~~lJJ wi'[ h =:I, '!AI i'llc lat~ mdi!]; uW p U:!l:s:ubl~ i.rr[~fj);rrtE iui1J1n.~. d~JliC'n;d'i nit::; on ih(: COlUc\[. Ijh~ natu rc of d~erellilliQI'I1ihip ii';tt us ii.ilOOu [u o'ev.ehJP, e~ii:, J t '~ib.mU:r ql~aJi!S "Please t . he ~oocl 10 me" ,Rind il :'iYlnb!l'JoJ[~e;s lilil: value t~;:}t nml'ly JoaP!lIIeS;e peopJ..:: f!!1;:1~"Cn Imd!;i:31 iI1I~pend~ncy known ,:3S o ffmn.(". Ju~~:tIS wfr.b ilJ]~liIl [!ij"~r eJlIJl1t;S~ia.rrs used as SOt'i~l rubrit'LJ IWS Ii n ~tl'~r iii1ngu ges, e.:g" "Let's ,gC\( . a JU~o!:Ul~'r ~f!me~1 me," '"D$ORJ! in ~",,'heiiil )'OU are ~r'i the
h!'RIc"."

huji'lII.Cln{'/.Shj~~ mOODS ·~(r

n~i£!hoor,h[iIGd~" I~n~ :fum:tiun fJfd.o.'"Y) )"{}~'fj;kH, Is iln re.11 mtdre nhc ilm] ti~~ ellCulmIDf.' ibc~'II'fC(;:1iI pt.;:OpJe~n s:rn:Qo[nl,l'.

'i"'\~IIB{~ih Eiilg~j'sti hID sets of WQ~1Ii"l such as "'{"! ,gjnd u,~;. ....5'lhe·' ,::m~, ·'they' di1ll~uWin.~ on w,ht:I'hI:"r m':s s.ingular Or ph~ru r~ Jo;),p..'lOOJ:oC 'tmly ru;I.cl~ "'tIfd.... :such :.'IS

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n il. !>!l T!:l! ,UIJl,i::;.llI1Lt.!;. u'(Jlwili !01:' whet'll it. ,i.c5. pllUirnin, bllie' er "he" gairi~ ra ,at U'W: end ~Ll1d Il!icc~ ;'libey.!i lfhfenJ, The
arltli
t'(Jl ~I;li

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.,.]n

become!;

WQlas'lij'{dL1"i

SiJH:IC i!'IU I:e .tI,pplj~'i, ro Iil'1c \Willird 'rm ·'eh ild." ,Ol1C ~ruld LS: f:/Jdf}mo M!ij]! ch.iMroil j~ hJJmlJ()I~~d~i. \V,!lik~:roo It'~e=d. ~!J) knll.lW \!,lhllt'ther )'fi1il should add! I{Kj~i or nil ro l[llm :u :sifl;£lul~r tel ,[j. plILi];al fbtrnl. j,rlpfiJiie:LiC iIII ~etl:C:ii:aI,~~ mlth-e:r lax .dl*olJi~ Lhi::'IiJmC0D [If plurals,

'l'QlU

Whco you O[!l !,II rJ,l[ a 1'1 U m~r Clf pc:opJill! m J.al#'ltil:t=~. ran W~ ·i:'e,l;tl'I.1r lunnbcrn e.::o;::f;pqor '''on!!·' {tOed L'~,'iQ," f YOli r..em~i1'iber thm ;"lrioo·· i.... and ·'town·· ~.!l fir. am]1 it'/ri. rll[l~ 11~t:' W{!iH1~ d'~l1~~OOIJ!$ yo~u :rJ~ Il<.:mJlujn~ pel1.1j'Jk i..; P1'P~. of
iW!J'nfiD~ insteail.

Tint' Jilptl nese ~IT'C'h'e thiJl il' WUt!lJd. be awkW3ffl Ii:li! ~~y itf"iH'rJi", u.nd .~Jh~j~/" ~o m[I~1 J'lf1,j_!~~ ponp!~ IJ::re 0111 old
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y~u h:J'I"o;e learned iiltAo ~m /;..Q, (!!~d(.I1r:HD "'1~ ~ flllf' .;., ~l,Y ant.! 1lI,g-i rI. ,Nntrce Lhlsl in liJPf!J'IIt"-"C IJ]e~ am nn ~~i~ll "l1.'n[l1_~ :\tl<>h as ;"I!K~ys,·~nd ··girb:! a n.ili~h!;;'!r.}'Q'!;! sav I itcrc ltv. ",:,!, m:JI~ clhiild;· anti ~ ·'fiiln1:Ji!1l= chi i:,J.l" Y!llU e.1~ usc nli:~~ 'WU:!'(I!'. for all il~~ horn 'HC""W"rn ~'Il[.e~ 'H) chHl1rel'll in hi'C"l'1I chool ;;]J1lIJ i"Omelimcs even ~n coH~glt, s
,An ~IIIIIDFtilm !l;ull ur.JI1 cl iI1~"Fc~e' you m:ly notiee ~f]'OU spend .~.mnl!.: time rivi.n~ j n JBpnn it< U]~~:rh~ l~iJ?ll,.ne:ie I chHdr.eiil: ~ g!3r1C'r.nlly m.o~ d~tHf~ri~ on. ihe! r paren ts Ih::iH ~hcjr US ib:'U!JTIrorpil!r ... :'Ire. i:jJj{l I!h~t ~ tiJli\e fR:!o. q'IJi2m~f f-e.-;'11l mnune, fmll]wl :'iOU;ppoli ,fllJT ~~Hdr:~n is l.I~u.~lIy wntin!a~d Ithj'QLII&nl" :i:1!1!d!!'l~n iklyood. 1,."01i;l!~e." ~

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fi~d it ~.wku"<lfd~ 1i3~J"C'rW:e, 1.0 cal I ,~, male !01li!11~~ f!_rodu:ote' o~kQ I.f,j') tn.

~'

YOu tCM Ji'i;nd 1'Ii1::L11i_V ~~ iD CingJ]s.h i4h~H ~avn_tiJiT1.you wU], eome ncm~ :u 'YIjr~e~~t oJ ,e1tF~s..i,{lIi'IiSin Japanese, ~n this ILJTIj~ yOl!l hO\!I:: ~¢[:Ifned It"ro o.f Uii:m~ m('al't~iami ,~'if#,~. f{Jieardi 1~rcmlly me~us ••a pl;,Jcli,'l:1.0 w~!,';;;h h;llld:si'" iliF!Ci is ,equi'!.'alc~1 ~iJ""""'3!.J.l1.ftk'Jrr:(· OF "lmttIJiiWrn>' mn f:'rI,!! fish, l1ilre is a n illlJXIrh_'d ~n;ii:)n "'taih,: r" am!l, it is 'i,i.t;':1)' CtlltlmDmtl,J( ased, Japanese :iJllw USe l!.e;sh()v~hif~. li'(Il!I_gln iy cqui\~~n[ ro ·'powdt=r ,[oom,"" ~r:u:il j,c'~,c
:0

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o.r

The nu~t

d~ rcet

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nd s;!JI'j}i,ghl'e~pfe:s.:dOilil of bcwjo.
used ~fi diflln l'y

~(Im~[hing. c.g., 'irt'Jwn b\l!yUIIg. :5'1J.111letliliJJ._g tn ,u ,stum" 6r W~n 1£01,1' are Spi.iilki ~ ilf:l; S[n'lJOOnt Vl1!fY Ii: lose to Y~1lII. ;.';ueh as rlil~nds ~iitd Ei3!~li,ly m.mri.OOl:':S. ahe' ~m[~r is; rnore iltl,fllliC'it, a!i!d ~JfL~'''' Ihe spe1JJn.~·s fe!;err.l:Jlion:s. ~t mlJlpli'!.~, wi&'hi ItO,~lj]'lr/.rz' l"Offii~ !'bin,g. bu.' if i.: is DQ~ IKl'sNible., men i[i!l. Olt: .b' nis cx~~sio:n: .liS mOrre S;1J~!il!tJJ~ ~na sl tIi!'4!lUU~ wll1~!;'CIhr; ~lationsl'hiiliJ be;tWO:D you, ::ImllhC' ~r::!HfJn ~f,~y are ;spcltlkin,g ro is not qMil:e ~U~e;sI"lMc51Htd }'e~~or Wfh:]'iiCIthe.~ Is iili c~car :smtlll'\ Idi.rrl.1re!1(;~. U is i~ll'iQlJ]cr e;t.tlmplit' !l)JI" PDl i [e~t:SS in j',ap3Jl1lesc tlGmm'!.l!lI1ic;i1~hm_
i ']

I;1\q I,JI:[ 'Io'!lldiC Fill I'C! ]~va,!!LlII:"y.;~s rare Iy

COrli~')}~~l~!J.il'h!i.. An

intcre~ID I'll dl~-.[~~f.j' you may ~

hom~ L~'thrll mf~~ ~~iJe! nd nh~ h,iI~hffi"iC hi, a !S!!.'!,PLlJ'1!l!(: !rOOm!!:;.. unllJie i~ the U.S. \J!v ~re Yfi'il m~':;;;t oftocn 'iii ~d1ho[h in OIllO(!! !rQOr:Iil. 11111~ilP.L!l, .1 if! ikl .and ;I, Ih~rh aJ~ ~!l!an!l"d ,;)8 f:-u::.~'1 tii!::.£ ihq,~, ,pe~tolim i ry dine re n i functloas. hl! ,ill, Jnpali'l~

't~

Y!)IJ ihnve' leam~d t!Ese l'lij,'i(Ii 1r.:::IIl:p.r~iojjj~, ~, me.~jn,g 'L',l~ WQm :.r::oms~hill]~·' lh!::;oo is, of c!.m~~, a d!hle:!J1': nee it'll nmtm:es be~n lll1e 1:'i.!.f.Q, '~~ i!~,J1!l.: JiiFSD ~smClf!;i: di'r.ec~ 1 ami 1:" ,1]p'pf®pni!Jj[t:, wh~47i ~oo ilrMl :riB!'i rf!JlII;{ dem and

~kcd illjn J.r~nkmkimo ROI1 glIi l'lm:4Sr~ kn.? m'id Ilbe man :s<tid fi.l~ri WfplJ~' gG i~MfSlL \,Vll~f11 Y,",U ~~'llk IlI00U t W.rnIi>!DnLi eh.e"',. 'Forn.i I~ ffiem'brtl:"S. y'OU ~how }'!l'JUr respect ~ ,Lift!! r I"!,g ~dl" '~I the end, T1~e' S~ji~ i~ ~UiiWi:fl;fIIl' to Mr.• Mrs. ;D~ Mis~. Whit.n j'Pl.!! tul k oiIb-oli.H ~H'l!l_H'li:il'!NiM fili'rliil)' memocn;, ()Ii'll u~ >I;Ir!1cr b.m~. )'01J fieii.'\.'\f II..IM' l(QJJ. This i$ fin ~rnmJ1J(: {llf JI'::JPHni!}.~ !tI:t;h,e:i"-eCillell\1i!1 !I,-~~nnlllllni~o!ltiOJ1l. nd il ['i(:J"'IIe..~ a
WOIThiJlli

rFli ~1i:,coov~J:Srni'ill"!llhc

what H'te is doiii!.g. M'aybl:: he's I[:;umi!l1l~ 1:0 ih i$ :s.~~, or re 'ld~1!I,g camfe bou'ks." WhiJt: s~l;;h iUIi iiUl~l1L'GimOillnll!Iy .. sppear to be ov,;:rly t."Qn!l'e:'.il:·elh:li~g ~l'iId ios:in!:~lI'e lt~ JilOOI!!I!!: fl'imn '.he U.S. cul nu~. lit i~ ;mporutnl ,!lSP,eC[ an of 5ocl1d rll'lte:r.lC~Q'J:i in J.aP3ri1. VUll! as OL ffiQO:':rJ~ b'lffl spea~r. rur IiUl. !i!ii!:p;;::cIOO ~o' play uhe: t')flffQ,p"~l(, .i.ifl'Cii3J g,i'1:mc.bIll WIlla'Warene ,~ wi~'~ c\1l~lriI:tUl~ ,ilUCaU,~i to }'oor
C!l':rmI~ff,hl iI1i"iJ .IlIppro~i!:U]OI'lI

ar [[rue (;U~~!J re,

Ln rnal~nUlln s.rnoo[iI
Ja.l)'UN:lOO fOcie'ly.

~nd ,h3nID:1niii!!us rel"l.lEC!iMh~~ iii

T!':,~ J[Jr;]I"1!1:'~e m.aml er ri'f ~ArfJ'.l;;Si)il:l~ !XlI ~1(:'ne&S i.!l COUlpJ icated h}' Itheir IiIcujOri of mod't~l.Y" llli;~y :-..f1cm ~he] r dl:! lercnce ro uUt.:: r,::; by pp~ ,ooly :s.ymbulfcaUy t.llzi,gb.!!!:nillDg' il]~ o:[l!ker':s ~hIiU.i:-::, biiH ,:jIm by I~:vwering IJ:l\t'ir ~BWn. y~u m~y Qfl/l=li! hear the JOIip.;lIF.i.f;:'~O:speak m 0:1thcl r Q1,I.~1!l filmi Ill' fJill::!i'Lbe.riii_ A nU:!lJl~ IliKil' Silly, IW ~.ampl!t'!,. "M,,, ron i~SU ~nz.l' ~~ndJu fillltl. and he "::'!, d(1~n,!1: a pwrty s illJl s.i:hoQ~. Y'JU If SQ:Jli seems fC~ I'I}' i:ntell ig~l1Ilt :1 i'I.tI
lillo~i",,[tledL ~.am !ill'l'!l~nrl]~e,ft.. The
(l!!h!;r

person

u:r ,C!lu~. n:~poml by 8;l)lhr,~' 5iJDitl:lliij fi£ J ~te."Please srt:ll,p jo'kj mg" M'y £00 on]}" ~~i!lt:l:s a lot of ti'rm: i~ hi:-. ~. preterutin~ f{li ~~ud,Y Sill lltlUd., tBu~ I' h;;r,iVe I'm idl!a
J,

wvlJ.

h~'wj! '~~tr,I]OO to ,~~k ]"or ~rn:n~'g~ for fO'.!Jf car and slse .1.1 ~,l]ik3bQllJ~ di:li~n:I]~. Whcn~""er ,)IIO!l.ll !r::ivd Ito ~ forl(ji~f! (:OiIDIry, you allC' Imkdy 10 ,eQ131~ :Le~!> dj ffcr ..
ViIli!.!1

,lhe:;c ~ ilT't:rnrnt::cs ma4r .rlU!i: [l[f1jX!, roo \'tty nmea,. bu. ir yw ;Jre ~{J :slay theee (or M el:l'C!1J->lve ~rioo ~f Ii-mrt:., iI1!p_go£; i f'l,l; in h:u~int:s~ .}s well ib:;. SQlCi,i:d 'Cflnvof;rsalJi'O]]S. y.QiUl wi I~ IIiIld seme klfi.'!lwJeiIJ~t: Ct~Jlt~~ml f'i~' ch~' Japa.f'l~~ ~JSot~jlll, QlllilC lli:~dLJI" F.~'eFi when nh~ J~~ll1l~ ~~cd. tCi you in En~lj'sh. Illc}, wHi "liU use the ~y.5.~m~nwhidJ I~hcy<In; ncC:1I!!5~OiH(\itt

as a

e;1.C -

em p;:f.Rp~il[!!.rns illIf. weiglu~" di:!ll:imre~. heDcthH:$, itll'u'me'&, V If ,)!'oJ;ti!J ,.1ft vis,. in,g hp;m fur. a, srtOIiE P;:l/"~OO:of lilll:J~
IW ris I.,

stea • in~~~I!!C"e.may !be ,rj[)O felfll fnr 100 PI'Il:o.." w.hil;'l1 is fObJ.Shly i::!l.J u Iv.dC'n L Ln 521 ,1;i'Ca" pt!i!JmiL O~~ ~iilltl!Jnl of gb1;;;, rLl]!l)~lwf ex:P2'n.'l.'I,,\~ il'e'rn in J'iilJNLl1I. is rnUih ry 'l'!quril ~:o3.~ lirers;, Ont:! !ii:e!l"' mn~cs from]:lC1 :fCn ~o]4(;1, ygl'll dc:,pend iillig rJill abe Iki Ilti\" ia Ild ~'t tltl:Jil!iilm~, inlh $4'.50 !ol) g).3t) per g:!l ~!on. lFiio[lll ~Y. ,Ji'lClir:Jd 'Ile !iiig_n!;; Ilhill! Idl ~i;!IU the d'Jsillt1C!! IQ ,~O!J11id~til!li:Uri]ll!l and also me llrulfilt £[gns il1ldiCilUiI1g s~d ,Iinlr~:fi~ all in :k.flt'flmeref5't. GOt; mi~C' L'i iIIwroJ{im.:t~E'Ey ~,,6 '~Iil:ilue~CH_, ::IlliJd' LbW~ -1,0 k5 !!lmt:I:ers per hl:'l!lI!Ir. whicU, its !!II rC~lItJ..mo;[i! d t,Y s~d lim i!. is'~'

rnr

Ag,a'". as ~ fo.~iSiJ] 'Vis.1tor j1riil.! r,n~:Yntl!~ need to kflO\ .... all uf H~. 1"li1,Ji r ),Olll can get lIl~d ItO L IIh:eJIi. il: 'Ij:"'ilJ "f.or.;i ~ilmt;!'your ti:lily ,~th,~Iic'S.
m~l~ per hoo!";

~&ill!:r~' 8ii'iDIC '1:)I,';::tIYI,p,!~s ~~l .sih~'1'\"" you how [~;e US. ;!ire 'w,"dsU'r~, l.ra!1~lmr;:: 10 i~lehn Jli;lpail!:.'i!J ~!I1UIU~.rpan.!l:. (ini!:' r"QO[ is, iliOOUt 30 centvmc ~~" und [JII roch is ~bo.uli: 2.:5 cc!'il[im.e[C1[R U you, "rl!.': is ii!::li:l Ir~~iI." then y~ iJl':ot 180

cemi !'!I11o'l1i:!'if'S; tllJ! ami it }'"O;U, are .5 fut:1 6 in.('m., !thC'n

~ n'fuQUlt i65 C'C:OI~ml!i~f.s.

yGl~

Or:Je lPtIuild ~s ilbo.J.li 0,.45

]~I.ti!ll CStt;5 ~I!tI,grnm.1i," ~~ei'!1 you ,,"s~q,~ grilCoCl)' y.D1Jl

'k'l!o~r..ni!l.wbieJi means .U1Ht ,iJ( y'Uu w.t~~ ~00 pilund::., ih::rr ~'£ alOOut 4!l ki:log:mms:. 3..ild ~50 pou nds 11i,i)!'1.sj,ilr~}:i
S!Ul"e'.

wi~JI If1llild v~ri~us

Ith~fi_gS prieed

I}y 100

gFoirfiS,

In the I(]_};_, IJJ nlt we mennancd [he bi;&. ,pri~e tlJf il.1S ir.L ,}r:lr;J~. Dri:,{jl'ng: 'illl Ji3f!'In, ctili.dd C'9S~ }'OO quite ill, I!LII of m.oMy. "fbe Jt:l!P!ll~cse. px~prtIl!i.Llsl g;o't11l iIlI ~~inl drivJ ng l f.('!Rmo~ ~o tlIbt:ai I'll a !!Iri'!n\C!r':s ,l!iam~;ilOO nil!! ILV~:r1II$f~ is

In [he

'C(,ir!'lii:fS;]llmli

.n

Ll1 is

'I;_~M~.IlH

1111:1 [1.

:S~ldItlit,~~(he

$2.{O). l,ne '[lumber ~)fs&i.u:si AJllUlt

~
.
-

n~ce.s5:Jry' ~o

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,~mLl]O(] 'i n C:i'Q'Wd~:dI cines <l!t:~OI1!IIiI~lS '!h!ij hi ~ f~r Y'i::i1Jl ( (0" ~'il ~ ;,IihQll.l!d ~pp'lf fg;r an imema~iono] dri'lll::ff"':::l ]:iccruse: pri,QI" W d!t'phr!lUrlC for J,~,pSlll. Y(Nli m'jj!;~ Rlm~mbu 1111:::n mhe ,b"p;:mcs!! dri\'~ nflllfll': ~f'!f[ $it!~(If ih~ read, as thl: ~ri_ ish
du. Because e

d~p~It(Jrm(:n t S~tJf"~' may be ,dosed. OOcaI,JE~ ii, i!li 'Ia:L~. 'Wl'IiiJ~ HIe IiIl.'tiy have sa~dI it ~fI'!too l'.ldy WC!!Lillri nol gu, ~~~p111~! ijl is illf\,[Xi'fIHnt 10 klrlow wh~_ii'lI the J~iflil ese ~t;:p;urilm'!;l;m n stores ilrti;;' open aBortlmy dto 1iI0i ah.'tay~ ,keep I'&w same
:!:iMi~

hours

iI1_';:

'th(ll~

in the U,S.

Tihcy 1!.!i:S~h;__dl)'

open ,~,:

] 0:00

AI'w! ,;jilt!

c~~

areund 6; 3Q PM on rcgllllA1Lt':1n!i~in!1l:s.s;

in big dties and it is.

'U'fUl~POr1l:alilaJi is

r Ithe lim I[cd

i.iJl!\(li

SP~II;:. pOlrtnJI~ is a ,l!lf.O.blcm QlJJl:~~' pcnsJv:,d'_ The pYlillc ill:!!:

~iJl }'lJ:ta

W!:U di:,;wto,pt:d.

mny ,",ant Ito

Ithiok twlee before drivi1lJ!:~i'ii ]~(].

dil~!>. i~n~I L!rli~ w~cJ~!ltI~. UJli.li!k~ wlift.:= ~!~p:!!:Jo in the (j'.S .• millly Jnl¥'o~~ df.ipnIllmc:i'l[ :!llo.res ~jJ]dsrn ilIli :!oi1n iJS :arilii open I~n SlJ ndllYS:" In fuel, ItM' ~[QFi~~ illirt amst ~j'd.OO m, $1,1 ~'Y;"'" Each depmlltlc:1iU :su,u~ however, has desi~l"iI!u~dl one wflelkd.aJ as :0 an,)' off, I!!!slm':Uy TU:i!'"'Ula}r, l~rtes.d~~r. (lir Thmsi!diLy. Yoy ,vii] find the Ja,I!MI~S:e :sem.;;s ~Nllrt"l:ltlI!:ly LI1)'i. ...dr:-d wi til 1[lf'OP'k ~~rillt~ 'two 1'Ifio::iilil ~i,ti"'ili v~n,g ~allil[!ins, ev.e11l y~~ mid tn lo~~
1

]ill)' and nlet.~r:;:T'Iiii~l", "[lmin~ tht!::'\e :5¢1lSoo:t"mast ![>tm"(:s :5itR}' iilpeil 1'1III 8:00 (':..1 or 9:00 PM.

can ]l"Ql: ilm~' ~

u:n

nhC'

:5!I.E"C,c:l O~' phone

[or;,1: :pie

'mlllp,

I f1, In rs unit ~IO-U 1~rn;e.J I'to.....[!<l ~a-y '1~;.Sdt,]i ;jlrM l'or' ·~u flew rl3ys,l' 11~E I~ tcroHy l1Ileaning ·'1Lwfll (1111')

Irr, .f"".!'.

[hrtC~,," (:"I1 be used in

(Omll! 1'1 ,:u.i00

~i (11 om [1.),

O'~ L~a-

"'" t.:!~s.:' ,ni. ,w.l'.! i!'Ililj' t",:), f't:ll' peo,p~.'~. bHm. Ilr. salj' INm (•.~ ,[cw beers"), tLlliJ SG!II sJlmc/';'lllJ' (,·,1 f'i:W weeJt!o:n. \V~,h:1.'VoC IiepeliI[~ Iy ~trcs8~~ ::l_r1!liD~g~1 • ,ru;! irul i recmess ily .rI_~ fe:uures IJF JI<lp;.~~se eom mlai!II~Ci'!,'[ion_ iJndJ ,i,',rUilill, .iLiI;;.1.IlnYlher. C:Xfirrw~le_ E\rt"ffiI wb!:m il~ ~pcak'cr tm:liW!i ~~i~~,)' h!J)l'l, mLl_J~J' pc~lJc ~-e if> II'nlking ~bt'lut i]~~ ~p:m:..~s;~On Ir(", !Lmll ~fti'f! may I!!c U!lOO. A 1,[lumJ,g'h [lilo':

I'~".

.I\>1:o:.;;~ m;!Jl,js"IiID:th 'Lomp:ln)'..own~liI ~nd pri\I'[I[eiY-Qpcrnlcd~ ,f.!~ OOnm I;'!.:ffi((i bi' 1";i.rl~iD'. ll11ji:_f ,it~ deillif'!!. ~~ .ife, i1iOO . c'Or:l.'!,lcliiem~The jfaFt~ \'tln'., d~ii1dm,~ on l}he f: it}f yCJ..u t!rC' in. ~,Y;,']Jrt :S!li,gJtUy m~~iI'ii!:!:1(pe:p!->~'I.'e in 1'1Ir£e' tt:il~~ ! ~ucih as Tot-'IlQ, Yu'kn1mnl.il. and O!'i.ah. tlmn i1'1 IlJ]mmkr ~. Fukiloko. ami SapfiiOm_ ¥iJu do net ner:1D ~o ~~plH;jc drliWf. bul ,:"imply P_:Jj' (he f:Jte displ:ruyOO Qf1I Iht:: lIIt.il.Ci]lll1t: by the {rri~r.i.s s.cilL Iii n hIU~res! ~I!lg cE~!W!J'!,'C1)' yoou \¥ill n1.!l~ is thIn .h~ rear paiSSen,gcr dij}f.ir UpCIIi.!!l, and ii."~o.se:~ .IUJlfJj'lltltkaU~.,. Jm;t as ,I~~n.g }'IlU C~fI ,I: 1~:lrJ:y1:e1J Uie drf.ver wh!i!'rc yml wish IilO as.
01;5

plOi.C:~ ~uc-h

rlito;shi~"

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uPJ:,e~5illj;fll po,sS

[Di1 lties,

h~"r:J My iI'Id~!!:'.tu.'!:~ '0111~y twO! or Ih!;(iC ns fiiJ;uJ! ii:ir C'!!l'C n fi we are net comp]c,dy

il.i.Nd'u'lkd" Th n.;~poj1d~fllhe qn~~ti{Jr'l."HIlJW mil1l'iY ~c Iii " dh.1 YOIJ' h:iil'Vt last :ni,ghrr· a Jj~l!Jimr;::~ p!;.'!nIDn mllJ s.aIly ni.

g~t (ocre soofciy IliIdJ m__'id~)' hy

~o.Or

SJ10W a m"LJI and

,ptJhn your
l.31:t

des~~II'U[[t!lilJ. ou. y

wJ U

sm.' &m, while he. nll~gh~ h[).\"i:'" in fJlCI. had :fi'!'e or ~i~_ 1111:;: r.mgc' ,of lfJ'i-"lS!>ibmlile~ illJclliI~d i'1!l1 fili•• "i(ll. ~m!!i 'I.ri(Jj~rn"i\!Il1 fhlt'l~ of "u r~,,'I."

'You have ,1e.ilIf';!'I~d. "tlimher 'Eng 1i~h V.'um nhiU is a

COml1llCm~}f

used

jn Jflp;i1Fi;¢5-~: lttli.lt!lJ~HL

Ta.'th. ,iIR': ,iieudilj1

m\~ih~bllli! ,~IW5~,~1 'no 1i('£" ,e,\'ett! i11raj iily

.l:im:i1J

row~rS. "100

~l1lli \'vhh 10 ~,~'

":S~
'\rl!L"1l

YOUi hn'l't.': lcamed o!l new II.'!Um'hcr y@~~knnw ~w to C'_.(JLln~.From .j)fi~

COil 1I100V

f [Ij
10

ILhb. 'Uf'i i n_

Si~
}iJU

("'-Illi

>lbu· S-fily prlJ

.i\:

you l:Jt~,t· ~r;'I ill clcse .frie-nd_ You yo.u ~~k ~~ );crles. t)f ~u!ilil!ti!l.'»b:

gli:! all tnoc: ''!r!'~:YUp' to 9!}'91 'by ~; m~[y (;Ij.llnhl ni rw

r:tl~~~y [l1iM,

knew, Oo~ hlllind'J'OOIi~ ~}'Okl~'. SO '~n~ Imndn."d I1v(: L~ Iry.ali.~jg,f!1'. Qn~'~mmtred ILen ls h_w.lim Ju._ y,r~!Jcan _gtlCs.5. that two &nJnd~ L~rlii:Jidc up or Iii for ·'lWil)'·· und h)vrkfl fur' u llrundrM. Ii is. '~nh.l~kfl. 1~ res I: i~C.(i5Y e~c~pl Ih:;lt th;~ [pTOnun-ci3.'[iflin (l'f 1r}'l]k~j varies ~I~pglly de~ ridJng OJ,,! 'i."il!m~ nl1l1mbt"r i[ 'fIl)U!]~~. Three hu ndrcd is ,lion b_\"f1kj~" six ilnlJldt~clI i~ mflp_Wlkll" and tligihil: hundred islmppj'tI:l:M._ ru \'I,'\:i' haee emph.a. ...i ~d ~ffjfC:. ii, is 'lui [Ill' ~~s)' '~O COli nt 'j IJ Japanese, ::'Ult! it is
alsl;lJ j mpOrlant thjjl,
)'i;JU

the

IiIlUJltien. }'Ou. :[)lroiRIy

B:
A:

bUm d! i.f.tl1J'~i!l!rurr. Ai!l? iie. '/tcmrtmasvm.

itMJ, fk.qj',rli.~ ~

'wmlmo~r' ka. ?
the::.;r::: in r~ljtt!ioms m[),~ be ::I mM~:e f of i la]l,r:=u~fl;!j yoo im:C

H.,.".,. nirmm.'!I!,y gO[KM m{ljrt.(UOf oJ

'y£~iJ1 !&lie

lii!lliTtrmg.

your

me

kll1rn'1rl,il,Q1;'I,1' ito sa~ lJi].c

IIlli mbers,

as,~ey

lilt(:

fn:qu~n[Iy U:K'IrJ in d:ru Ily rill ~rl'r:r:::~~~I1'I~i!:'.

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:SJ'Cikr1:i~J,;.rn,g:oogr::: ynu

C[']ft

find ~veml

'Woi1rl,8

,~~aaif1,PI:es::j n ~n~'ID~h am '\I,,\e1l •. !In. ~mll. 'IlLi 11111."' /80 is ::I, ,goo;!H Ju]!i,Hnes~ 't;:,iIl,;t!:mple, [~en'!] be: LJ,Seu illl .::1 'II.::nitlt_r (If shuaLinns., In ihe present ilIt(J1t, i~wru;, i~llrodul:!l:d ['j~ b.eilg. equi,'I;/.I]je~t, to •....",.,~ ~ then," You I!:Wll tIIs.~' iD wh:::'11

Ilhat ,~(: 'i n ~dc!;:.'i.'Cd" but h;J,\''e':m:o fOpedlic

m~;:tiiiil1,g~-;' SJOI11:e!'

I
J

I
dmJ'Q8J1nn- tbr dmtmru~l w~s imiiOd!.la;d in this lIJ:rni(. WU:iHI::j~ i_$: used 1.0 iQdirnre m!ii: li}JiI~liJ or Il]'mt:. it abo ~fcrs 10' mUD}!, C1!ber r:rte.~!';!lII~ :!iuclJ as 'di~lnn~. 'i,vt:igh~. height ~lI1d p~I1.,"c. The :set"'!:liiilAJl hJ'lll(of. he 'I/!.'f:!rd. Nllriri 01"
kurtli. means ''ap~(1)Xjl'ftliUdy:- l! is ~l.-;c\lll q~ri,~ fretjut;:lluJy i:llul it m~,~ bt!: ~I1 'l."i, !Jm:::uJl\3" 'lll\lloif6uLtion of the J3JY.l:i'liI!'~ peoplt':' s ,u'!.fQitnaQolr of il>cun,g toe diree: .'I!r'id

A::. 'INC have "~W!tc.d ~X'r.~. li]~~l'lcse woro 'IJim:e-ii' is q:wjt~ tliffu_~nl fmm :trlg~isb. h"i .I::n.gli:s~. '[he gcrueml 01e';'LIi nf~ ~Inencc is mllitlc dear ewly in (hI;'! sentence, i!.i~ 'You esn fi.,gun: OIH 'whrt.ilJJcr gd.fifi~lhll'l\G is h :IF'pt.1'! in,g now. wil i :h,jJP,~n nn E!J.;rulUfe, Im~ n~remjly mappenOO. Ill!
d~i!iI illl hc:ppc,n at ,!,'!III. by '1IiSt~ilTi1)11; ~Q llilc J]~E pan of ~ n 1 $~r:Lt~q!;:r:, ·fit: JlIp:lFI:Cs,c I!J.ngmL3c. on ~'f: uahclI" I'i ilml. pl ilr.:~ [h!1:' ~_m lnaiijcJJ ty ~ml'i(ll1anl word.", [IJW.:JIta Ill!!!' ~l1d of a sentenee. The !!lIin~'rent::~ I1¢I,Wil!0r1 milSJI ,~lI!d
1lfl1J:hil~' ls 'lJ1f! ry small, i~ndi '[h~y IOOrni3: in nkl: '!fiery '~lid 'Di' a tc 1'1 ~l!:fIC~. VOl!} need ~Ill'5x:' careful not to jwrnJ!) kl t:flfIclu!>ioll(![.:.5 unlil yt~Uhe~r [he' e,ruiu sentence, S~tt:h i'311il

may use i~J n ,ftl:all)' com ~r;::iIi,l~ D Ord~F to' i lone olnd iDlVinid ibcifl,g '[00 d~fil1] re anti a.~~nj ~'~ A J'ap:m~e ,pi:r!iOJl may ask YOal biTIIW m,ll("h g:Ji'\ CiOM,:;;; in ch~ U_S_• .5ayin, t1mttrika IW ~tl.:1/l~"iR 'Ii~"tj i.t-j~J'Wtil! I:'j~ ka l' YtlU kJr.lill<w ilIl}:n ~~,'~&.o;; [n;'IlI1I ~mc pbit"C tlJ ,[UlC!~hcl[". ,:uul ~L ,[I Igill! cilepelfut~ o:n Ih:: qLll.'1lil,Y. bu l Y(Ioll du nul wi~JJ to gil! inti(} !fI~~ai~_ So you m:Ly respeml !i!:J nh~ !liI1IJI~Llo!li 'hy oo'ln_g ~pprrJ1tim{lte,: ,rclji 4W'lj jll ~.t'1ll1) 8.~i'Qf df! su. w ":jJ~l1!'[.s ~; l 0," prcelse,
'YO!;!

5.Ofi::ei'll

}foOt-fr'

,3~lribll,U_~ the Jbpanese ~iluguage iIThIIY requu o[ )'Ol!Jw e~rnI anc I'Ith:u:'i. bu[ the brighter' !';i{\l~ i~ !hgl, Jl1p;j'l'i~se words do, u1iJ1ch:ln~~ ~heir. rfl'trrIiS' dcperndiillg on 'l,v'h.ti'tber 'da!:y !J1\,': presen j, orr ~t JS ~![lgille Engl Ls1J,...OOO};do, '

,
I

tnu'Ei or ]iI1pi3m~ se bngu~ge~. iPt.(tcrid dig u~illg Ihc ~~Jlre.~illJn:;i yO!;! h::J!I.'C' Je.'un~d Ii n the ,rhin}, u I~ r ts wi Ii i.I-'~;8UK! :.'fflu ~U!,;~&fl1lll inili.d enrolLl[Jl[cn; '!P.iilh thll: JQp<ln&se IIKlOpic. '\'Yoi;:' ~(!PC )'i;]IlJj 'i,'!,Ii~J ~~~'p ~p "'Vith !,"OtJiii d:;LlI~ pratrit:c ;J1'i~ fUJiUlt:r buiJd I1J)1JJ] YO:LII r voca'~IJJ:uy. OR!: iiLd~i [ioi1~J Wi;J)tt'C: (if ciOmpe,j;cm::~ 1i111i1~'rnlI 'lJ.lin find uscful rrnd imporHuu } jl) l'lIJIlf ~n~i~i""iltl te cro.~'l'i)...cuihJ:rn.1 i!!Iilf,L1~nees iii whl!c;s. [ho II i'thl ,P:IIIlt t.c.rn s, spa.ce' iii nd ri JIll e Olti ~11I aiI ~i en s, man ncri:r.;fuv]oO. ~!~., Yf!U can 0'1 ~o C'41'1 tiUUi;l liLii bLJ i IL1 on your !l:Qrnrnu.Id'C'..aljoj1 ~ I ri.S by p!iO!ooedilig ilju L'O J(ll}{JrI~;ff! Ii.
}.fQ1J

Th.rnughiju.t JtJPfJ1r~rtf' 1. Sel..'itmn tifiilion .I earn ed m.'iIlllY e!iS~flil ia~ e lem;en ~$ the

J.1 n:d ,YUiln;elF' ~ffilmcw.l-l"'l1 rmm rnidCiT<ed. JU~I im:agnning rb~ tli ffit:uhy you m't'ly f.Qcli!'i~)r!2rlmin~ !'tmJ,1 ItO ~..;;!d OlHd wn:!e can be d\r.~CQum.giug.. [!r.!asriZrir.l~ read ing ,:md w.rici~r; J.i3pnnc;s~ ~s Illdc.etJ1 .8n (I':t U·iCm~.r} ~1JIJi1.~ filflld
flml!lrn Ill'
!i:OI!l pf.elr; [Il1"QI;;'CS;8, and even Ig;:rn), nut !Cmnp!IolIM Hre JiI;'-.Ilmirl,g p~~~. lI[n~'II'e ~;[~:e1"N

Whcn you, vi si I ,;] Itou~igl!! 'CQLjm:r.y :"!ltCh .~s J~upan. wh~re the I~ IlgUL!~~ sou mL~ ~Ii"y d;ftl!uJ;'].t, ilnlll' the ap~:tftlf.i(eof ITI£ '!.'v.riuen ;I'l]lllgU'!l:t:l'C does r.JQt e:"!Jen re 11'td!1;! ty ~mbt~ wlln )(1'11 .i..!n\l: used t!l!!. y.rm m~y

~{I'!,I'e

~h.ns QUiI'Se you C!Ili:'Ie:ilmmg SJl(t~i!:1fiI J:lP;}~c. WhilL1' C <3. !tnm...cd.~c· u( the oiibngrnphie l ]'~ or.JI'apanl;:~ wiUI be u se'flll~ ~;hc~ viIS!niiiig JI:iP3Il.. ~I: :~:o. Hill n~ce..;;;s.ilJiY Di;JI' 3equire' 5pc,"OOh. [n the :fnlJil'i.'riing ,nft'.l',~:-,;. hOw,\~ver. ~iJmt;: h[k,~C' llilu iUl1pG'l1am koowJcd,§"(.': or ~n t~n Jl'apa[L('$'f' 1,l.'iJ ~ il!!;: id~h'oduce". Onee you und~rs~afH.J. !hi!" !t~~ll!ti;!lJ.s !tOOl L!JIIi1t~~rtie rim~·.n .Jo!Ip:mcs:Ll'. .'Io'nY \!'!'m nncillli::u .IDadi~ ~[11 w lJ]e hm~uu.ge i~ muc-h eili'lier and I~ ifll~imitlu[ing rtMr.
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hGI!U"OlA1'OO
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~h

KtlJ1j~ C'hltl!1!lCiter oopre);!Crm.

~lbjee[m jQb. ,~mJ i,. WtFiu~[J }:)p:1 nese ihese uhj~jF and Id.~I!1~oo:mo.rll~ in V.iJl'iou~ W,'l;r'~ 10 fQIml 'Me,,- w6n1~ ;'IOtil phr.a3e~_ Th~ p-'Mll un~r!:n[Win iJlf tI;:~i_cbc:lmme.u:,r' 'l,fllfli cs d~j"liemlin~ on tile: ,[nnl~:r;;J. a n(l ;so-mit Knnlii h~vc up 10 ftiilHII m- (h:j} tladTc.rcrn "ra}',~ ![Qi be P~Ql!'lo!Jneed, Ori'~' is ~ Ltm~'!Zdi'o ~ iibf~' ~[~ reeogn iz~ .:lnd und~i"!otDmJ seme 3.000 Ki:UljI, ~hal"1lltl!tlS, to omchiiti"e £tlm:I'l!lIfi!i,d lil('lMiIc}, in Itht l:J~3JilC9t: l.ang!IrJJge. b "'tII1'.~be I'Iet'll,:S58ry. MW~\'u. lei' i)¢ ab~!t' [i] PITinul!Jn~1:! lt~ .K~Dji chametcrs, .md yOU! wi III ~-Cll'uliinl)' ,riot n~~ .3,ootl. bu. :i'~ \'\!i~f be mtlii:!!r
'I:(lnVCnieriLL to ~.cllh!l;!:
ECI'lt:IlI] lIl1tmUillllg ,[,(

"under;"

This

cl1l3ii.!J:Cltt'lr

pO.ilfU

ing' dll)Wll,

mC~!I1:;; ;"'doll'J,,'g'" '!1lir

'Whc n ~LJI rugmh~lI'. I ~ i;:'''e IWO eh.;m;u:lcn; f.urm iii J:!11.lne.~(:!....l!l!i'tI. mean ill£ ilp <"Inll'd'rn'l,.'n. ' Wl1nJ rs lI..IS(:g 'to' imJit'>!uc' fitiim olilily the I1hy!;1f;::;1J IU,Wn.NI1llild Ilnwn'W".1rU

n~

a:Ureel~fIIl'1S. hwt ;[']:sn -'Ii is:oc~ul Ir-eirJ lim~ship' diITtllClilic--e,

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b,;._"r r con;:

of
YUiU

semc 50 c.n:lir.Ji:ii.er.& lJ.'hi:lI1 ylflt! see them in s:uchi pubrrl: pl~«"s, as ~irptlitS. 't11i!5n ~~o.!liO[k:'i"on S'I[OO~ signs, ,ill~(jrII i iI"f'.SL.wlt[f.ln~ 1f11,.; , IU an e.'Climp~~ ~f :"'.'lnji, ~!.ic wj n . Dus int~J!ib~mC',YQU hel1.': 10 II few IhOI: iltt: .ypicrLl' of 'he' pk:tfKriIll K~nJi dlillI7QCit.cI1O. w,i,~~~ r.t'.;Jdillig JiJp'~lncse.. 'here is. [~!: NQ Ieee liJll'{Jm it !cwr.-~ as if .he whllie' c:haa'i;jc~r pllim~..,.. upllt'Vard.:
,~!.!

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H..;,rlil:is ~J]mkr.'.eh:IDldC[. se~ hill!w .tie illn:J,gl! of

wJ1i'oChi1i1'!ians.~1 "tree.'
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Many elbtJT;il~ll4:rs. illITe, rrnilli!k: up of t!lVO ur mare ,Pilns: him ~'Cl!i" [he ,k'f(·hillid 'lTadilml} and ,'~ilik~ri the ri~'h't~ (iIli' lhaM rod iall)!. The :~"1lJji liQl[' '~lrec"iCM se~ as a h!."'fJ'; 3 ~~ ~t m3.}' be used 1.'0 (orm sud, e:odf.il(,:'t'Crn ,Il,q,; ';''UO'ood:i,,''
OU'

Th K~"ji ,';:YSIt':1!l1 ~dnp~Edfrom Ch~J'lE'~ 'if> the b::t.~ic J,;]p.lm;::s..;g. wri ~Ite Sy~i:em. b:u r, 'l.... iii hCl~;as: lhc' C hinese 'r,lin!t'IJ~~,-!:IJ~S f'lJdy pllClnr;i,[JJ cha11OlC'11t!1;, }3f!;;J!lile8i:: uses
i'W(!!

iii

·;fo~~_'·

olh~'f lypc:~of

writ~ng '~ystems m ~.u.ulhi!]'J] 1'0 the Kanji

,H~re is. ,g rnnro C(i!mpJe~cha ~tiil1" cmLlbin ing d~!t :p..1iIfiL';~' nnURIIlci..:1in. tl!"1C1 t10'lA n, ~I ~o~.e"lh(ir:l~ iflll!;!! "/lIIn:!I.

ur.

or a ·'peak:...··

"moun r~;J'i;" "up,"

noo "drY"""" i" mMn

II!

",ffiti!~nliJj n pu.<;;",,"

ch;pmC:h~ii'S, TI~i;y,~ T(,alarmn~ .and H~rngiln;]. 1'",~ .l!"C I'IJ.~Q .,ji'f'fe;re~l ~~cas r !l)f ··Ieuers" repl!"(:'~IUing J,ilp..inese Sll.'luntL~ Eaeh ICH~,r R!p;i'f'~1l:n ts E:ei~h~ ti, 'il1foIwel ~oul1dor a .. ,t::~ll1:IDfl;n!'1 t plus ,8, vowel, ,f.or (!I': j]m.lj!!!,~~:!!" J.: i'. ,lib!, .i;;c:'. ko, etc, The JI;:l[llJ ne.~ Hir'l!!:!r~:Ln.aand' .f(;iua'k<llnll are borh ~i ned up in .hlll' ~LlllJ£: 'W;l.;;v, The ""f!~cb 8ft: ~I.i, 1jJ" e, 0. The' OOIlMH::JIDI..:.; 1.. ,t, t. n, h. Ill, )I. r. ~ OO'{i' ,p!~ce!.llIlIC~l1re I'h~

lf yrnn rtt!!IT'lc:mlOCr the mdc:r Ii.l'[ ~ [~rngr:i.l];[1i and K:l takana in Jl~~h l~le ~'i-.llI!l1~ way you Im'("mij)ri:t'~'OOihm'l
'voweli5.. '\Vh~1l)'IJ!LlI can l'ier.:~~,~nli~e :j(j ru...i~ JL:lrorn::iiC K;J.J'ij~ ~'l.~ C'haroc[iC~(hI: IlCS~ wiU I~ (jijrfy 'tl:Is)". s )'CU a p.rohf.lbly be ,iJbl~m ~U~)'i wh::lt :1 new cha i'Ul;lfl:'~ m~.r mcairn jU5!~ 'fly IlookiD'ilg at ~ltand! idc!'LtifYlilJg rhc: il.':ompJn!:lU1i pans. Thie' iilr;sl step is to ~l rid )'1I'l~l:' i:lll,,:dcty ,IIi1Il'ltn, remj~ ngthe 'il~Jlh:Jt.!e[
~~i'ii
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wm

~1111 R'ild~ t~1l!'d "'lfj'~in! ns J'~palle~.

(IIr

'Jrhcn: aee "'6 r-li'r,[!go.;n;u and K~~n~m~!l :l:iymbOls, as ShflW'J!i r11!1 I.h;,.:'I!:h~iI1, l!ll LI1!l! nCloJ:l pl.:1ge. fo:ch !brock ~Qm;tun5the! O
Itir:;)n.s~il~mtcrd~hoi'i-cllic rep~nE:.itif.lJ) of Uj!t!, ,Ch[ltOJ.:"b!:.f. foUol,1,.\e-d b~r tl:i!!: [~H~IS;:!l],]ll ::lIlJd,thl;::n by [hi: Kil!~L~nl:l;,']J(in
~nnhil:se~),

enill1lCllJ~rn,

JLiJmn~;s~: a~ ~.he~~ne c I f!;!1ruinlr!1Cnla:i [l'-tIlterns, IIJ~~

1

1(11 become f.llm

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n

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'INri tilf'i~ s~.s.leJl' U-'i-cd _l:'Ir thC' lfap:Joo'loC C-OS\nille ""'m.J;_I:t-" e.• for WQrd!i :.1l'1fned ,(rom L
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··n-reign ami ne ~\.", on.l';5 un: ~pelh,,"dus.il1g K~n.dtlln;:l.so Y'IlU \\'Ilr sec Hre\ll.lUmnl.·· "'oo~I:' "B(fU:'"'gasoline:' amI ~nunQl~rs in Ka!gkan~.
YOLi r naate 1m~ tn ttimc.

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~-Hrngcu'j~IS the wli:ilnng is)'ste.m {:qlm:prj'~ oHeLtc,r..; US-l;J t('l r-cpre.li:n. ;g! ;J.lnma.iI;01~ tl!ntiin£ and r!l!'--aIUfe th~1 Chine . doe~ 11I0t h!lYtC. U. HireKmjt ~n wh~ell,,(1Siy-mlJol n:PK$CJ'I,L" ,:1 COrl!_~pL or :lG rd¢" in a)l)!b Ihi!' ~'limym:l 13 nd
I

Kn~a i(llnll lirYS.k:fI'II!.;,of J':]p:i~]C5>Il'. !hllire is fill Il;iUl~ln~CEiQI'l bc'iWC'cn ahill'sl'mool On lillc p~peT and nhe: ~k£;1'1 word, and !Z:.1ch letter is pl"Ofttmnc(!d in emily nne \ ;J¥ fe,g,.'1mlr::ss of the COfU~ ~'. Befo~ Ji!ip!J'l]~~~ chi:l'd'lt'1!II 1~-.iJrghow '[n ""tri [~ 1~1~cO,rrlple:tl: Kanji ctlJu·.act-ers. Ithe:y learn ,~mv 10 '''''[1E(, I Iiifll£llma and I[hey 'LI':'"C ill. for CV~Tr word. .1l'1iJ! iU!.l:.;trn[~.. ,:'IIilrr~lil or ··moun.nin·' can be Wril tiZllil i 11, Ihree ill irr~~lru w.oys. HI K !lIJ]ji, K:::IiI:al(nna"er Hi m~ u n .:I.• 1. r(!wt!veJ. s~rn:t:,~I'L.. IlO:l 0 lurei~Ji!1 word. ~t woo ltd. IJ'iaJi'C'ly; ~ e'l.'e:l.'. he' \'l,',rln-elll i [L K:L~ki.l:r.l;:]j. f

·Mool we~tt::mlll'rs
S.L;utin,g ~rom

:;rre

~:~.c fm:ru

:rcl;;IJsmm~d

in rnooinJ!: lbt!;tIks

j]nd rc:::ld~ each ,l'in~ r.~f~ [0 riglll, 11i

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t'il~::j_Ji!ilJE.; £mm

the: 10'[1'uri he piil,~~ 1[1 T1!Il!I)K-s ui1ld irEitliti6ilOJl

roo

'ooJb <ll1~no j'}p.i!'n ·'b::JithI.'OI_r(]'.H;"~o hrn~HsJ'Idlp~'a~i"r!;. iJ!o the ··fl'ilJil'1r" of a Jap!;Jlle:!!e IJiook ij!1 Dhe ''bfit'k'' l~f mil EIJil.li!:ih 1C;.'tl,1, Hr'i'110 c'fcr. h:l signs, Ml;;mm. il nd Dunk~ In wh icfl ~om!]j , En,!;!lish WON'.. are used .li ![!:~1'Ii ,I'l~; i!liCll!~-C mitt pa pl:,r,s, J'a,!]::tnest:, ~smnv o.hn wriU:':1!Ifrolfil len 1'(1< rig~~L.

w,ri!l,ng" ho",,-'c:vci'. h'p1llftc.'iiC h, 'W.IrlHcn ilTl columns." II'itOl~om :;!I:;:mil].g Ofll iJ'l!'Zrj,gIH side o,F':I ~!g!:!. The

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'~nilit, it Is ~iMe
K~t.llt:m~L
il
:!t~riP[~

~:tIiIJ.ISIll'

ih-' ,l1'bUJi!Z'lit'

:~l~r-.Jg<ll1~ BOO

1'0 ,IrePrMl1:i!!t ,1I~f:l'I;.Q;s.l J:;gp8fH~C' ,:my t\il! use

w(!m.

it>

IJ;,SU:il

[I, ~iOm5idc,~ rm~{itl·~,~pri;;I!C' ;

~h!:i' KLi!lilj,i

~h;nilc;~r;::rs\'I,I"'n_eoo'Ver p!.J~fb~c:. !.!" i!.lEi Dhe ,~ftlJn~~k ~rip1 ~ ~Ini:y [il:i ~lJn.:senl' .f'OI'fC lgn '!"I"io!d~(KaCtbru:1) or f~~t[ur.t.':o;; uniqne Iil!! Jap::naet:,; (Hif-'!i!ganil).

Vi ~'i i'tIJi Jil~11'1 :1R'l' 'ftIJttLJ'Il~II!!: HII(h::li~.ho: iiill~mm~l;iii!l'ill ['011;;; ~i~i!] !'YSlcm 01 nd many EngJf~tI wvrtrs ,:.~ UiSOO ~II 1!.i~n:s ami r.I i:r.t'"l'iifl'n:!L 'R~~I rQiI1Im~. f.m' iftiS~.m<te (:arII ClIten b(: ,j'd'.emdi<cd l'l)' :Il\il~~I re~ual'f: sYliilbol~" Qrr by IJ1!!l W(irns ··~VL." {if "'T~li I'11! b._'· En~lii'>h n~l'jl'j'e;'1, a re ;~Is:o. wfrJio':ly' lLi~d ;(J~Qngs.:idc ,j'.:JP~Ii!C:S!;:":'_ ,SiNe signs iiltc: often wrirten boUt ifli l::'nglish ;fi!md,JOI.Jlhrn;t;~ K::uaJuiI):::J.. Sil,lme ~i~n"" h,Q'W"t'V~J'. are ,mi!)8pc!ik.ciI. OIi,!J.Ci!.! the' OOICUlt'\1;: or ~m[l:gift,:Ii~ en;.-';HNlfj, iO'~ known as "JI~ran('{ic En,glJish." widc'h ,ti:Om!::i'i mcs ,m3k!.'ls U d iDlel,i1 t (¢!r ~n,!l:lbh·~pt:':~~'dng people tn lnul~rsi~l1d1 t
i!'.l!xo.ittl}' wlila~ prodlJ'Gl,
tn!';;

'blilc.~~

t'l ~l ~illl1.!!.