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% Convert From DIR To Cascade % Convert From DIR To Paralel: % Example: Cascade Form Conversion

This document contains examples of designing and analyzing lowpass filters. It includes: 1) Converting a filter from direct form to cascade form and parallel form. 2) Designing a Hamming window lowpass filter with specified passband and stopband frequencies and calculating its magnitude response. 3) Designing a Butterworth lowpass analog filter with given passband and stopband ripple and attenuation and analyzing its frequency and impulse responses.

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46 views1 page

% Convert From DIR To Cascade % Convert From DIR To Paralel: % Example: Cascade Form Conversion

This document contains examples of designing and analyzing lowpass filters. It includes: 1) Converting a filter from direct form to cascade form and parallel form. 2) Designing a Hamming window lowpass filter with specified passband and stopband frequencies and calculating its magnitude response. 3) Designing a Butterworth lowpass analog filter with given passband and stopband ripple and attenuation and analyzing its frequency and impulse responses.

Uploaded by

tztrif
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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% EXAMPLE: CASCADE FORM CONVERSION

b = [1,-3,11,-27,18]; a = [16,12,2,-4,-1];
[b0,B,A] = dir2cas(b,a)
% convert from DIR to Cascade
[C,B,A] = dir2par(b,a)
% convert from DIR to Paralel

% EXAMPLE: LOWPASS FILTER DESIGN - HAMMING WINDOW


wp = 0.2*pi; ws = 0.3*pi;
tr_width = ws - wp;
M = ceil(6.6*pi/tr_width) + 1;
n=[0:1:M-1];
wc = (ws+wp)/2;
hd = ideal_lp(wc,M);
w_ham = (hamming(M))';
h = hd .* w_ham;
[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m(h,[1]);
delta_w = 2*pi/1000;
Rp = -(min(db(1:1:wp/delta_w+1)))
% Passband Ripple
As = -round(max(db(ws/delta_w+1:1:501))) % Min Stopband attenuation
% plots
subplot(2,2,1); stem(n,hd); title('Ideal Impulse Response')
axis([0 M-1 -0.1 0.3]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('hd(n)')
subplot(2,2,2); stem(n,w_ham);title('Hamming Window')
axis([0 M-1 0 1.1]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('w(n)')
subplot(2,2,3); stem(n,h);title('Actual Impulse Response')
axis([0 M-1 -0.1 0.3]); xlabel('n'); ylabel('h(n)')
subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,db);title('Magnitude Response in dB');grid
axis([0 1 -100 10]); xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels')

% EXAMPLE:

BUTTERWORTH LOWPASS ANALOG FILTER DESIGN

Wp = 0.2*pi; Ws = 0.3*pi; Rp = 7; As = 16;


Ripple = 10 ^ (-Rp/20); Attn = 10 ^ (-As/20);
[b,a] = afd_butt(Wp,Ws,Rp,As);
[C,B,A] = sdir2cas(b,a)
% Calculation of second-order sections
% Calculation of Frequency Response:
[db,mag,pha,w] = freqs_m(b,a,0.5*pi);
% Calculation of Impulse response:
[ha,x,t] = impulse(b,a);
% Plots
subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,mag);title('Magnitude Response')
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('|H|'); axis([0,0.5,0,1.1])
subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,db);title('Magnitude in dB')
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('decibels'); axis([0,0.5,-30,5])
subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,pha/pi); title('Phase Response')
xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('radians'); axis([0,0.5,-1,1])
subplot(2,2,4); plot(t,ha,[0,max(t)],[0,0]); title('Impulse Response')
xlabel('time in seconds'); ylabel('ha(t)');
axis([0,max(t),min(ha),max(ha)])

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