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PGDM 2010-12 HTML Tutorial

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86 views

PGDM 2010-12 HTML Tutorial

Uploaded by

Sandip Prasad Roy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PGDM 2010-12 HTML Tutorial

HTML Introduction
Example
<html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> Try it yourself

What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language A markup language is a set of markup tags HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages

HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets like <html> HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

HTML Documents = Web Pages


HTML documents describe web pages HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text HTML documents are also called web pages

The purpose of a web browser (like Internet Explorer or Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page: <html> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> </body> </html>

Example Explained

The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

HTML - Getting Started


Previous Next Chapter

What You Need


You don't need any tools to learn HTML at W3Schools. 2

You don't need an HTML editor You don't need a web server You don't need a web site

Editing HTML
In this tutorial we use a plain text editor (like Notepad) to edit HTML. We believe this is the best way to learn HTML. However, professional web developers often prefer HTML editors like FrontPage or Dream weaver, instead of writing plain text.

Create Your Own Test Web


If you just want to learn HTML, skip the rest of this chapter. If you want to create a test page on your own computer, just copy the 3 files below to your desktop. (Right click on each link, and select "save target as" or "save link as") mainpage.htm page1.htm page2.htm After you have copied the files, you can double-click on the file called "mainpage.htm" and see your first web site in action.

Use Your Test Web For Learning


We suggest you experiment with everything you learn at W3Schools by editing your web files with a text editor (like Notepad). Note: If your test web contains HTML markup tags you have not learned, don't panic. You will learn all about it in the next chapters.

.HTM or .HTML File Extension?


When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. We use .htm in our examples. It is a habit from the past, when the software only allowed three letters in file extensions. With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.

HTML Basic - 4 Examples


Previous Next Chapter Don't worry if the examples use tags you have not learned. You will learn about them in the next chapters.

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3> Try it yourself

HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p> <p>This is another paragraph.</p> Try it yourself

HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a> Try it yourself Note: The link address is specified in the href attribute. (You will learn about attributes in a later chapter of this tutorial).

HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example
<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142" /> Try it yourself Note: The name and the size of the image are provided as attributes.

HTML Elements
Previous Next Chapter HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

Start tag * <p> <a href="default.htm" >

Element content This is a paragraph This is a link


5

End tag * </p> </a>

<br />
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.

HTML Element Syntax


An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag The element content is everything between the start and the end tag Some HTML elements have empty content Empty elements are closed in the start tag Most HTML elements can have attributes

Tip: You will learn about attributes in the next chapter of this tutorial.

Nested HTML Elements


Most HTML elements can be nested (can contain other HTML elements). HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.

HTML Document Example


<html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The example above contains 3 HTML elements.

HTML Example Explained


The <p> element: <p>This is my first paragraph.</p>

The <p> element defines a paragraph in the HTML document. The element has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>. The element content is: This is my first paragraph. The <body> element: <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> The <body> element defines the body of the HTML document. The element has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>. The element content is another HTML element (a p element). The <html> element: <html> <body> <p>This is my first paragraph.</p> </body> </html> The <html> element defines the whole HTML document. The element has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>. The element content is another HTML element (the body element).

Don't Forget the End Tag


Most browsers will display HTML correctly even if you forget the end tag: <p>This is a paragraph <p>This is a paragraph The example above will work in most browsers, but don't rely on it. Forgetting the end tag can produce unexpected results or errors. Note: Future version of HTML will not allow you to skip end tags.

Empty HTML Elements


HTML elements with no content are called empty elements. Empty elements can be closed in the start tag. <br> is an empty element without a closing tag (the <br> tag defines a line break). In XHTML, XML, and future versions of HTML, all elements must be closed. 7

Adding a slash to the start tag, like <br />, is the proper way of closing empty elements, accepted by HTML, XHTML and XML. Even if <br> works in all browsers, writing <br /> instead is more future proof.

HTML Headings
Previous Next Chapter Headings are important in HTML documents.

HTML Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the smallest heading.

Example
<h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3> Try it yourself Note: Browsers automatically add an empty line before and after a heading.

Headings Are Important


Use HTML headings for headings only. Don't use headings to make text BIG or bold. Search engines use your headings to index the structure and content of your web pages. Since users may skim your pages by its headings, it is important to use headings to show the document structure. H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, then the less important H3 headings, and so on. 8

HTML Lines
The <hr /> tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page. The hr element can be used to separate content:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>This is a paragraph</p> Try it yourself

HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed. Comments are written like this:

Example
<!-- This is a comment --> Try it yourself Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.

HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source


Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?" To find out, right-click in the page and select "View Source" (IE) or "View Page Source" (Firefox), or similar for other browsers. This will open a window containing the HTML code of the page.

Examples From This Page


9

Headings How to display headings in an HTML document. Hidden comments How to insert comments in the HTML source code. Horizontal lines How to insert a horizontal line.

HTML Tag Reference


W3Schools' tag reference contains additional information about these tags and their attributes. You will learn more about HTML tags and attributes in the next chapters of this tutorial. Tag <html> <body> <h1> to <h6> <hr /> <!--> Description Defines an HTML document Defines the document's body Defines HTML headings Defines a horizontal line Defines a comment

HTML Text Formatting


HTML Text Formatting
This text is bold

This text is big


This text is italic
This is computer output

This is subscript and


Try it yourself

superscript

10

HTML Formatting Tags


HTML uses tags like <b> and <i> for formatting output, like bold or italic text. These HTML tags are called formatting tags. Refer to the bottom of this page for a complete reference.

Try it Yourself - Examples


Text formatting How to format text in an HTML document. Preformatted text How to control the line breaks and spaces with the pre tag. "Computer output" tags How different "computer output" tags will be displayed. Address How to define contact information for the author/owner of an HTML document. Abbreviations and acronyms How to handle abbreviations and acronyms. Text direction How to change the text direction. Quotations How to handle long and short quotations. Deleted and inserted text How to mark deleted and inserted text.

HTML Text Formatting Tags


Tag <b> <big> <em> <i> <small> <strong> <sub> Description Defines bold text Defines big text Defines emphasized text Defines italic text Defines small text Defines strong text Defines subscripted text 11

<sup> <ins> <del>

Defines superscripted text Defines inserted text Defines deleted text

HTML "Computer Output" Tags


Tag <code> <kbd> <samp> <tt> <var> <pre> Description Defines computer code text Defines keyboard text Defines sample computer code Defines teletype text Defines a variable Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags


Tag <abbr> <acronym> <address> <bdo> <blockquote> <q> <cite> <dfn> Description Defines an abbreviation Defines an acronym Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document Defines the text direction Defines a long quotation Defines a short quotation Defines a citation Defines a definition term

HTML Styles
The style attribute is used to style HTML elements.

Look! Styles and colors


This text is in Verdana and red This text is in Times and blue

This text is 30 pixels high


12

Try it yourself

The HTML Style Attribute


The purpose of the style attribute is: To provide a common way to style all HTML elements. Styles was introduced with HTML 4, as the new and preferred way to style HTML elements. With HTML styles, styles can be added to HTML elements directly by using the style attribute, or indirectly in separate style sheets (CSS files). You can learn everything about styles and CSS in our CSS Tutorial. In our HTML tutorial we will use the style attribute to introduce you to HTML styles.

Deprecated Tags and Attributes


In HTML 4, several tags and attributes are deprecated. Deprecated means that they will not be supported in future versions of HTML and XHTML. The message is clear: Avoid using deprecated tags and attributes! These tags and attributes should be avoided: Tags <center> <font> and <basefont> <s> and <strike> <u> Attributes align bgcolor color For all of the above: Use styles instead! Description Defines centered content Defines HTML fonts Defines strikethrough text Defines underlined text Description Defines the alignment of text Defines the background color Defines the text color

HTML Style Example - Background Color


The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example
13

<html> <body style="background-color:yellow"> <h2 style="background-color:red">This is a heading</h2> <p style="background-color:green">This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html> Try it yourself The style attribute makes the "old" bgcolor attribute obsolete. Try it yourself: Background color the old way

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size


The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:

Example
<html> <body> <h1 style="font-family:verdana">A heading</h1> <p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p> </body> </html> Try it yourself The style attribute makes the old <font> tag obsolete. Try it yourself: Fonts the old way

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment


The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element: 14

Example
<html> <body> <h1 style="text-align:center">This is a heading</h1> <p>The heading above is aligned to the center of this page.</p> </body> </html>

HTML Links
Links are found in nearly all Web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page.

Try it Yourself - Examples


HTML links How to create links in an HTML document. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Hyperlinks (Links)


A hyperlink (or link) is a word, group of words, or image that you can click on to jump to a new document or a new section within the current document. When you move the cursor over a link in a Web page, the arrow will turn into a little hand. Links are specified in HTML using the <a> tag. The <a> tag can be used in two ways: 1. To create a link to another document, by using the href attribute 2. To create a bookmark inside a document, by using the name attribute

HTML Link Syntax


15

The HTML code for a link is simple. It looks like this: <a href="url">Link text</a> The href attribute specifies the destination of a link.

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools</a> which will display like this: Visit W3Schools Clicking on this hyperlink will send the user to W3Schools' homepage. Tip: The "Link text" doesn't have to be text. You can link from an image or any other HTML element.

HTML Links - The target attribute


The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document. The example below will open the linked document in a new browser window:

Example
<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a> Try it yourself

HTML Links - The name attribute


The name attribute specifies the name of an anchor. The name attribute is used to create a bookmark inside an HTML document. Bookmarks are not displayed in any special way. They are invisible to the reader.

Example
A named anchor inside an HTML document: <a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a> Create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" inside the same document: <a href="#tips">Visit the Useful Tips Section</a> 16

Or, create a link to the "Useful Tips Section" from another page: <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.htm#tips"> Visit the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Note: Always add a trailing slash to subfolder references. If you link like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html", you will generate two requests to the server, the server will first add a slash to the address, and then create a new request like this: href="http://www.w3schools.com/html/". Tip: Named anchors are often used to create "table of contents" at the beginning of a large document. Each chapter within the document is given a named anchor, and links to each of these anchors are put at the top of the document. Tip: If a browser does not find the named anchor specified, it goes to the top of the document. No error occurs.

More Examples
An image as a link How to use an image as a link. Link to a location on the same page How to link to a bookmark. Break out of a frame How to break out of a frame (if your site is locked in a frame). Create a mailto link How to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed). Create a mailto link 2 Another mailto link.

HTML Link Tags


Tag <a> Description Defines an anchor

17

HTML Images
Previous Next Chapter

Example Norwegian Mountain Trip

Try it yourself

Try it Yourself - Examples


Insert images How to insert images into an HTML document. Insert images from different locations How to insert an image from another folder or another server. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute


In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag. To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display. Syntax for defining an image: <img src="url" alt="some_text"/> 18

The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif. The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph.

HTML The Alt Attribute


The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed. The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text: <img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat" /> The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images take time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully. Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

More Examples
Aligning images How to align an image within the text. Let the image float How to let an image float to the left or right of a paragraph. Make a hyperlink of an image How to use an image as a link. Create an image map How to create an image map, with clickable regions. Each of the regions is a hyperlink.

HTML Image Tags


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Tag <img /> <map> <area />

Description Defines an image Defines an image-map Defines a clickable area inside an image-map

HTML Tables
HTML Tables
Apples Bananas Oranges Other 44% 23% 13% 10%

Try it Yourself - Examples


Tables How to create tables in an HTML document. Table borders How to specify different table borders. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Tables
Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

Table Example
<table border="1"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> 20

<td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute


If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show. To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute: <table border="1"> <tr> <td>Row 1, cell 1</td> <td>Row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> </table>

HTML Table Headers


Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag. The text in a th element will be bold and centered. <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Header 1</th> <th>Header 2</th> </tr> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: 21

Header 1 Header 2 row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

More Examples
Tables without borders How to create tables without borders. Table headers How to create table headers. Table with a caption How to add a caption to a table. Table cells that span more than one row/column How to define table cells that span more than one row or one column. Tags inside a table How to display elements inside other elements. Cell padding How to use cellpadding to create more white space between the cell content and its borders. Cell spacing How to use cellspacing to increase the distance between the cells. The frame attribute How to use the "frame" attribute to control the borders around the table.

HTML Table Tags


Tag <table> <th> <tr> <td> <caption> <colgroup> <col /> <thead> <tbody> <tfoot> Description Defines a table Defines a table header Defines a table row Defines a table cell Defines a table caption Defines a group of columns in a table, for formatting Defines attribute values for one or more columns in a table Groups the header content in a table Groups the body content in a table Groups the footer content in a table 22

HTML Lists
The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:

HTML Lists
An ordered list:
1. The first list item 2. The second list item 3. The third list item

An unordered list:

List item List item List item

Try-It-Yourself Examples
Unordered list How to create an unordered list in an HTML document. Ordered list How to create an ordered list in an HTML document. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page).

HTML Unordered Lists


An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles). <ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul> How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Coffee Milk

23

HTML Ordered Lists


An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag. The list items are marked with numbers. <ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: 1. Coffee 2. Milk

HTML Definition Lists


A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item. The <dl> tag defines a definition list. The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the list): <dl> <dt>Coffee</dt> <dd>- black hot drink</dd> <dt>Milk</dt> <dd>- white cold drink</dd> </dl> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Coffee - black hot drink Milk - white cold drink

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Tip: Inside a list item you can put text, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

More Examples
24

Different types of ordered lists Demonstrates different types of ordered lists. Different types of unordered lists Demonstrates different types of unordered lists. Nested list Demonstrates how you can nest lists. Nested list 2 Demonstrates a more complicated nested list. Definition list Demonstrates a definition list.

HTML List Tags


Tag <ol> <ul> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd> Description Defines an ordered list Defines an unordered list Defines a list item Defines a definition list Defines an item in a definition list Defines a description of an item in a definition list

HTML Forms and Input


Previous Next Chapter HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

Try-It-Yourself Examples
Create text fields How to create text fields. The user can write text in a text field. Create password field How to create a password field. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page) 25

HTML Forms
HTML forms are used to pass data to a server. A form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements. The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form: <form> . input elements . </form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element


The most important form element is the input element. The input element is used to select user information. An input element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An input element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more. The most used input types are described below.

Text Fields
<input type="text" /> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into: <form> First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: First name: Last name: Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters.

26

Password Field
<input type="password" /> defines a password field: <form> Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" /> </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Password: Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Radio Buttons
<input type="radio" /> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE one of a limited number of choices: <form> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> Male<br /> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> Female </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Male Female

Checkboxes
<input type="checkbox" /> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ONE or MORE options of a limited number of choices. <form> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike" /> I have a bike<br /> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car" /> I have a car </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: I have a bike I have a car

27

Submit Button
<input type="submit" /> defines a submit button. A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input: <form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get"> Username: <input type="text" name="user" /> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> How the HTML code above looks in a browser: Username: If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.

More Input Examples


Radio buttons How to create radio buttons. Checkboxes How to create checkboxes. A user can select or unselect a checkbox. Simple drop-down list How to create a simple drop-down list. Drop-down list with a pre-selected value How to create a drop-down list with a pre-selected value. Textarea How to create a multi-line text input control. In a text-area the user can write an unlimited number of characters. Create a button How to create a button.

Form Examples
Fieldset around form-data How to create a border around elements in a form. 28

Form with text fields and a submit button How to create a form with two text fields and a submit button. Form with checkboxes How to create a form with three checkboxes and a submit button. Form with radio buttons How to create a form with two radio buttons, and a submit button. Send e-mail from a form How to send e-mail from a form.

HTML Form Tags


Tag <form> <input /> <textarea> <label> <fieldset> <legend> <select> <optgroup> <option> <button> Description Defines an HTML form for user input Defines an input control Defines a multi-line text input control Defines a label for an input element Defines a border around elements in a form Defines a caption for a fieldset element Defines a select list (drop-down list) Defines a group of related options in a select list Defines an option in a select list Defines a push button

HTML Frames
Previous Next Chapter With frames, several Web pages can be displayed in the same browser window.

Try-It-Yourself Examples
Vertical frameset How to make a vertical frameset with three different documents. Horizontal frameset How to make a horizontal frameset with three different documents. 29

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

HTML Frames
With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the others. The disadvantages of using frames are:

The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents It is difficult to print the entire page

The HTML frameset Element


The frameset element holds two or more frame elements. Each frame element holds a separate document. The frameset element states only HOW MANY columns or rows there will be in the frameset.

The HTML frame Element


The <frame> tag defines one particular window (frame) within a frameset. In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The document "frame_a.htm" is put into the first column, and the document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column: <frameset cols="25%,75%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm" /> <frame src="frame_b.htm" /> </frameset> Note: The frameset column size can also be set in pixels (cols="200,500"), and one of the columns can be set to use the remaining space, with an asterisk (cols="25%,*").

Basic Notes - Useful Tips


Tip: If a frame has visible borders, the user can resize it by dragging the border. To prevent a user from doing this, you can add noresize="noresize" to the <frame> tag. Note: Add the <noframes> tag for browsers that do not support frames. 30

Important: You cannot use the <body></body> tags together with the <frameset></frameset> tags! However, if you add a <noframes> tag containing some text for browsers that do not support frames, you will have to enclose the text in <body></body> tags! See how it is done in the first example below.

More Examples
How to use the <noframes> tag How to use the <noframes> tag (for browsers that do not support frames). Nested framesets How to create a frameset with three documents, and how to mix them in rows and columns. Frameset with noresize="noresize" How to use the noresize attribute. Move the mouse over the borders between the frames and notice that you cannot move the borders. Navigation frame How to make a navigation frame. The navigation frame contains a list of links with the second frame as the target. The file called "tryhtml_contents.htm" contains three links. The source code of the links: <a href ="frame_a.htm" target ="showframe">Frame a</a><br> <a href ="frame_b.htm" target ="showframe">Frame b</a><br> <a href ="frame_c.htm" target ="showframe">Frame c</a> The second frame will show the linked document. Inline frame How to create an inline frame (a frame inside an HTML page). Jump to a specified section within a frame Two frames. One of the frames has a source to a specified section in a file. The specified section is made with <a name="C10"> in the "link.htm" file. Jump to a specified section with frame navigation Two frames. The navigation frame (content.htm) to the left contains a list of links with the second frame (link.htm) as a target. The second frame shows the linked document. One of the links in the navigation frame is linked to a specified section in the target file. The HTML code in the file "content.htm" looks like this: <a href ="link.htm" target ="showframe">Link without Anchor</a><br><a href ="link.htm#C10" target ="showframe">Link with Anchor</a>.

HTML Frame Tags


Tag <frameset> <frame /> <noframes> <iframe> Description Defines a set of frames Defines a sub window (a frame) Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames Defines an inline sub window (frame) 31

HTML Colors
Previous Next Chapter Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light.

Color Values
HTML colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation (HEX) for the combination of Red, Green, and Blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one of the light sources is 0 (in HEX: 00). The highest value is 255 (in HEX: FF). HEX values are specified as 3 pairs of two-digit numbers, starting with a # sign.

Color Values
Color Color HEX #000000 #FF0000 #00FF00 #0000FF #FFFF00 #00FFFF #FF00FF #C0C0C0 #FFFFFF Try it yourself Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(255,0,0) rgb(0,255,0) rgb(0,0,255) rgb(255,255,0) rgb(0,255,255) rgb(255,0,255) rgb(192,192,192) rgb(255,255,255)

16 Million Different Colors


The combination of Red, Green, and Blue values from 0 to 255, gives more than 16 million different colors (256 x 256 x 256). If you look at the color table below, you will see the result of varying the red light from 0 to 255, while keeping the green and blue light at zero.

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To see the full list of color mixes when RED varies from 0 to 255, click on one of the HEX or RGB values below. Red Light Color HEX #000000 #080000 #100000 #180000 #200000 #280000 #300000 #380000 #400000 #480000 #500000 #580000 #600000 #680000 #700000 #780000 #800000 #880000 #900000 #980000 #A00000 #A80000 #B00000 #B80000 #C00000 #C80000 #D00000 #D80000 #E00000 #E80000 #F00000 #F80000 #FF0000 Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(8,0,0) rgb(16,0,0) rgb(24,0,0) rgb(32,0,0) rgb(40,0,0) rgb(48,0,0) rgb(56,0,0) rgb(64,0,0) rgb(72,0,0) rgb(80,0,0) rgb(88,0,0) rgb(96,0,0) rgb(104,0,0) rgb(112,0,0) rgb(120,0,0) rgb(128,0,0) rgb(136,0,0) rgb(144,0,0) rgb(152,0,0) rgb(160,0,0) rgb(168,0,0) rgb(176,0,0) rgb(184,0,0) rgb(192,0,0) rgb(200,0,0) rgb(208,0,0) rgb(216,0,0) rgb(224,0,0) rgb(232,0,0) rgb(240,0,0) rgb(248,0,0) rgb(255,0,0)

Shades of Gray
Gray colors are created by using an equal amount of power to all of the light sources. 33

To make it easier for you to select the correct shade, we have created a table of gray shades for you: Gray Shades Color HEX #000000 #080808 #101010 #181818 #202020 #282828 #303030 #383838 #404040 #484848 #505050 #585858 #606060 #686868 #707070 #787878 #808080 #888888 #909090 #989898 #A0A0A0 #A8A8A8 #B0B0B0 #B8B8B8 #C0C0C0 #C8C8C8 #D0D0D0 #D8D8D8 #E0E0E0 #E8E8E8 #F0F0F0 #F8F8F8 #FFFFFF Color RGB rgb(0,0,0) rgb(8,8,8) rgb(16,16,16) rgb(24,24,24) rgb(32,32,32) rgb(40,40,40) rgb(48,48,48) rgb(56,56,56) rgb(64,64,64) rgb(72,72,72) rgb(80,80,80) rgb(88,88,88) rgb(96,96,96) rgb(104,104,104) rgb(112,112,112) rgb(120,120,120) rgb(128,128,128) rgb(136,136,136) rgb(144,144,144) rgb(152,152,152) rgb(160,160,160) rgb(168,168,168) rgb(176,176,176) rgb(184,184,184) rgb(192,192,192) rgb(200,200,200) rgb(208,208,208) rgb(216,216,216) rgb(224,224,224) rgb(232,232,232) rgb(240,240,240) rgb(248,248,248) rgb(255,255,255)

Cross-Browser Color Names


A collection of nearly 150 color names are supported by all major browsers. 34

View the cross-browser color names

Web Standard Color Names


The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has listed 16 valid color names for HTML and CSS: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow. Note: Different browsers may display different colors for the same color name. "Green" can be lighter in one browser than another. To achieve the same result in all browsers, always use the HEX notation.

Web Safe Colors?


Some years ago, when computers supported max 256 different colors, a list of 216 "Web Safe Colors" was suggested as a Web standard, reserving 40 fixed system colors. The 216 cross-browser color palette was created to ensure that all computers would display the colors correctly when running a 256 color palette. This is not important today, since most computers can display millions of different colors. Anyway, here is the list: 000000 003300 006600 009900 00CC00 00FF00 330000 333300 336600 339900 33CC00 33FF00 660000 663300 666600 000033 003333 006633 009933 00CC33 00FF33 330033 333333 336633 339933 33CC33 33FF33 660033 663333 666633 000066 003366 006666 009966 00CC66 00FF66 330066 333366 336666 339966 33CC66 33FF66 660066 663366 666666 000099 003399 006699 009999 00CC99 00FF99 330099 333399 336699 339999 33CC99 33FF99 660099 663399 666699 35 0000CC 0033CC 0066CC 0099CC 00CCCC 00FFCC 3300CC 3333CC 3366CC 3399CC 33CCCC 33FFCC 6600CC 6633CC 6666CC 0000FF 0033FF 0066FF 0099FF 00CCFF 00FFFF 3300FF 3333FF 3366FF 3399FF 33CCFF 33FFFF 6600FF 6633FF 6666FF

669900 66CC00 66FF00 990000 993300 996600 999900 99CC00 99FF00 CC0000 CC3300 CC6600 CC9900 CCCC00 CCFF00 FF0000 FF3300 FF6600 FF9900 FFCC00 FFFF00

669933 66CC33 66FF33 990033 993333 996633 999933 99CC33 99FF33 CC0033 CC3333 CC6633 CC9933 CCCC33 CCFF33 FF0033 FF3333 FF6633 FF9933 FFCC33 FFFF33

669966 66CC66 66FF66 990066 993366 996666 999966 99CC66 99FF66 CC0066 CC3366 CC6666 CC9966 CCCC66 CCFF66 FF0066 FF3366 FF6666 FF9966 FFCC66 FFFF66

669999 66CC99 66FF99 990099 993399 996699 999999 99CC99 99FF99 CC0099 CC3399 CC6699 CC9999 CCCC99 CCFF99 FF0099 FF3399 FF6699 FF9999 FFCC99 FFFF99

6699CC 66CCCC 66FFCC 9900CC 9933CC 9966CC 9999CC 99CCCC 99FFCC CC00CC CC33CC CC66CC CC99CC CCCCCC CCFFCC FF00CC FF33CC FF66CC FF99CC FFCCCC FFFFCC

6699FF 66CCFF 66FFFF 9900FF 9933FF 9966FF 9999FF 99CCFF 99FFFF CC00FF CC33FF CC66FF CC99FF CCCCFF CCFFFF FF00FF FF33FF FF66FF FF99FF FFCCFF FFFFFF

HTML Color Names


Previous Next Chapter

Color Names Supported by All Browsers


The list below is a complete list of the color names supported by all major browsers. You can click on a color name (or a HEX value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors. Note: Different browsers may display different colors for the same color name. "Green" can be lighter in one browser than another. To achieve the same result in all browsers, always use the HEX notation.

Sorted by Names
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Link: Same list sorted by values Color Name AliceBlue AntiqueWhite Aqua Aquamarine Azure Beige Bisque Black BlanchedAlmond Blue BlueViolet Brown BurlyWood CadetBlue Chartreuse Chocolate Coral CornflowerBlue Cornsilk Crimson Cyan DarkBlue DarkCyan DarkGoldenRod DarkGray DarkGreen DarkKhaki DarkMagenta DarkOliveGreen Darkorange DarkOrchid DarkRed DarkSalmon DarkSeaGreen DarkSlateBlue DarkSlateGray DarkTurquoise DarkViolet DeepPink DeepSkyBlue HEX #F0F8FF #FAEBD7 #00FFFF #7FFFD4 #F0FFFF #F5F5DC #FFE4C4 #000000 #FFEBCD #0000FF #8A2BE2 #A52A2A #DEB887 #5F9EA0 #7FFF00 #D2691E #FF7F50 #6495ED #FFF8DC #DC143C #00FFFF #00008B #008B8B #B8860B #A9A9A9 #006400 #BDB76B #8B008B #556B2F #FF8C00 #9932CC #8B0000 #E9967A #8FBC8F #483D8B #2F4F4F #00CED1 #9400D3 #FF1493 #00BFFF Color Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades 37 Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

DimGray DodgerBlue FireBrick FloralWhite ForestGreen Fuchsia Gainsboro GhostWhite Gold GoldenRod Gray Green GreenYellow HoneyDew HotPink IndianRed Indigo Ivory Khaki Lavender LavenderBlush LawnGreen LemonChiffon LightBlue LightCoral LightCyan LightGoldenRodYellow LightGrey LightGreen LightPink LightSalmon LightSeaGreen LightSkyBlue LightSlateGray LightSteelBlue LightYellow Lime LimeGreen Linen Magenta Maroon MediumAquaMarine MediumBlue

#696969 #1E90FF #B22222 #FFFAF0 #228B22 #FF00FF #DCDCDC #F8F8FF #FFD700 #DAA520 #808080 #008000 #ADFF2F #F0FFF0 #FF69B4 #CD5C5C #4B0082 #FFFFF0 #F0E68C #E6E6FA #FFF0F5 #7CFC00 #FFFACD #ADD8E6 #F08080 #E0FFFF #FAFAD2 #D3D3D3 #90EE90 #FFB6C1 #FFA07A #20B2AA #87CEFA #778899 #B0C4DE #FFFFE0 #00FF00 #32CD32 #FAF0E6 #FF00FF #800000 #66CDAA #0000CD 38

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

MediumOrchid MediumPurple MediumSeaGreen MediumSlateBlue MediumSpringGreen MediumTurquoise MediumVioletRed MidnightBlue MintCream MistyRose Moccasin NavajoWhite Navy OldLace Olive OliveDrab Orange OrangeRed Orchid PaleGoldenRod PaleGreen PaleTurquoise PaleVioletRed PapayaWhip PeachPuff Peru Pink Plum PowderBlue Purple Red RosyBrown RoyalBlue SaddleBrown Salmon SandyBrown SeaGreen SeaShell Sienna Silver SkyBlue SlateBlue SlateGray

#BA55D3 #9370D8 #3CB371 #7B68EE #00FA9A #48D1CC #C71585 #191970 #F5FFFA #FFE4E1 #FFE4B5 #FFDEAD #000080 #FDF5E6 #808000 #6B8E23 #FFA500 #FF4500 #DA70D6 #EEE8AA #98FB98 #AFEEEE #D87093 #FFEFD5 #FFDAB9 #CD853F #FFC0CB #DDA0DD #B0E0E6 #800080 #FF0000 #BC8F8F #4169E1 #8B4513 #FA8072 #F4A460 #2E8B57 #FFF5EE #A0522D #C0C0C0 #87CEEB #6A5ACD #708090 39

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

Snow SpringGreen SteelBlue Tan Teal Thistle Tomato Turquoise Violet Wheat White WhiteSmoke Yellow YellowGreen

#FFFAFA #00FF7F #4682B4 #D2B48C #008080 #D8BFD8 #FF6347 #40E0D0 #EE82EE #F5DEB3 #FFFFFF #F5F5F5 #FFFF00 #9ACD32

Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades Shades

Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix Mix

Note: The names above are not a part of the W3C web standard. W3C have listed only 16 valid color names: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow. If you want valid HTML or CSS, use the HEX values instead.

HTML 4.01 Quick List


Previous Next Chapter HTML Quick List from W3Schools. Print it, fold it, and put it in your pocket.

HTML Basic Document


<html> <head> <title>Title of document goes here</title> </head> <body> Visible text goes here... </body> </html>

Heading Elements
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<h1>Largest Heading</h1> <h2> . . . </h2> <h3> . . . </h3> <h4> . . . </h4> <h5> . . . </h5> <h6>Smallest Heading</h6>

Text Elements
<p>This is a paragraph</p> <br /> (line break) <hr /> (horizontal rule) <pre>This text is preformatted</pre>

Logical Styles
<em>This text is emphasized</em> <strong>This text is strong</strong> <code>This is some computer code</code>

Physical Styles
<b>This text is bold</b> <i>This text is italic</i>

Links
Ordinary link: <a href="http://www.example.com/">Link-text goes here</a> Image-link: <a href="http://www.example.com/"><img src="URL" alt="Alternate Text" /></a> Mailto link: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send e-mail</a> A named anchor: <a name="tips">Tips Section</a> <a href="#tips">Jump to the Tips Section</a>

Unordered list
<ul> <li>Item</li> <li>Item</li> </ul>

Ordered list
<ol> <li>First item</li> <li>Second item</li> </ol>

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Definition list
<dl> <dt>First term</dt> <dd>Definition</dd> <dt>Next term</dt> <dd>Definition</dd> </dl>

Tables
<table border="1"> <tr> <th>Tableheader</th> <th>Tableheader</th> </tr> <tr> <td>sometext</td> <td>sometext</td> </tr> </table>

Frames
<frameset cols="25%,75%"> <frame src="page1.htm" /> <frame src="page2.htm" /> </frameset>

Forms
<form action="http://www.example.com/test.asp" method="post/get"> <input type="text" name="email" size="40" maxlength="50" /> <input type="password" /> <input type="checkbox" checked="checked" /> <input type="radio" checked="checked" /> <input type="submit" value="Send" /> <input type="reset" /> <input type="hidden" /> <select> <option>Apples</option> <option selected="selected">Bananas</option> <option>Cherries</option> </select> <textarea name="comment" rows="60" cols="20"></textarea> </form> 42

Entities
&lt; is the same as < &gt; is the same as > &#169; is the same as

Other Elements
<!-- This is a comment --> <blockquote> Text quoted from a source. </blockquote> <address> Written by W3Schools.com<br /> <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Email us</a><br /> Address: Box 564, Disneyland<br /> Phone: +12 34 56 78 </address>

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