Tetrahedron Letters 48 (2007) 531533

An ecient modication of the Hofmann rearrangement: synthesis of methyl carbamates

Pranjal Gogoi* and Dilip Konwar
Synthetic Organic Chemistry Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat 785 006, Assam, India
Received 22 September 2006; revised 14 November 2006; accepted 22 November 2006 Available online 12 December 2006

AbstractA series of methyl carbamates was synthesized using NaOCl as an oxidant in the presence of KF/Al2O3/MeOH at reux in excellent yields. 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

1. Introduction The discovery of the Hofmann rearrangement goes back a long way in organic synthesis.1 This rearrangement reaction is particularly useful for the synthesis of amines from carboxamides.2 The classical method for this transformation involves the use of an alkaline solution of bromine, however, it is unsatisfactory and unreliable.3 Numerous modications of this rearrangement have been reported using a variety of oxidants and bases, such as iodine(III) reagents4 [PhI(OCOCF3)2, PhIHCO2H, PhI(OTs)OH and PhI(OAc)2]; lead tetraacetate,5 benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide,3b (NBS) Hg(OAc)2,6 NBSNaOMe,7 NBSDBU8 and MeOBr.9 The use of solid-supported reagents has become ubiquitous due to their unique properties, such as enhanced reactivity, selectivity, mild conditions and avoidance of cumbersome aqueous work-ups and a decrease in solvent waste.10 For example, KF/Al2O3 is known to be a useful and interesting solid-supported strong base, which has led to it replacing organic bases in a variety of reactions.11 On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite is an inexpensive, convenient and safe alternative to the currently employed oxidants.12 It has been used extensively in various organic transformations13 such as dehydration of primary/substituted acetamides to nitriles,13b the preparation of polyvinylamine from polyacrylamide13c and the Hofmann degradation of an acrylKeywords: Hofmann rearrangement; Methyl carbamate; KF/Al2O3; NaOCl. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9435093086; e-mail: [email protected] 0040-4039/$ - see front matter 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.11.134

amide copolymer.13d Due to the high selectivity and the ease of product isolation from the solid-supported base, we were compelled to investigate KF/Al2O3 along with NaOCl as an ecient reagent system for the Hofmann rearrangement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the rst report in which KF/Al2O3 is used as a base with NaOCl in the presence of methanol for the synthesis of methyl carbamates. We report here a simple and economic procedure for the direct synthesis of methyl carbamates from carboxamides, in which NaOCl is used as an oxidant with a catalytic amount of KF/Al2O3 (40% KF in Al2O3) in MeOH at reux (Scheme 1). In Table 1, a variety of aliphatic as well as aromatic amides are smoothly converted to their corresponding methyl carbamates in good to excellent yields. During the reaction, other functional groups such as alkyl, methoxy, chloro, remained intact. When sulfur- or nitrogen-containing heterocycles (entries 1l1n) were used as substrates, the reaction occurred smoothly giving excellent yields of the corresponding methyl carbamates. No chlorinated product was observed when an
O NaOCl, KF/Al2O3 R NH2 MeOH, reflux 30 min R O H N OMe

1a-n
Scheme 1. Synthesis of methyl carbamates.

2a-n

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P. Gogoi, D. Konwar / Tetrahedron Letters 48 (2007) 531533

Table 1. Synthesis of methyl carbamates from primary amides RCONH2 R RNHCO2Me Yield (%) Obsd 1a 2a 95 4647 Mp (C) Lit. 45468

1b

MeO

2b

94

88

888914

1c

Cl

2c

90

113116

11511715

Me

1d
Me

2d

73

99100

10010216

1e

2e

85

Oil

1f

MeO OMe

2f

80

57

55568

1g

2g

79

6667

64658

1h

MeO
MeO

2h

88

81

80818

1i

Me

2i

87

9798

9910115

1j

2j

84

7375

72759

1k

n-C7H15

2k

72

Liquid

1l

2l

91

8890

1m
N

2m

90

119121

1171184b

1n
N

2n

83

128129

1281294b

amide containing a double bond was used as a substrate (entry 1e). KF/Al2O3 derives its basicity from the formation of KOH in the initial preparation of the solid-supported material by the reaction of KF with alumina supports.11 Under the highly basic reaction conditions, OCl is the predominant form of chlorine, which reacts with the

amide to form N-chloroamide which undergoes rearrangement to the isocyanate. In the presence of methanol the isocyanate forms a methyl carbamate. This modied Hofmann rearrangement is simple and inexpensive and is applicable to a variety of aliphatic as well as aromatic amides for the synthesis of methyl carbamates.

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2. Experimental 2.1. Typical experimental procedure for the synthesis of methyl carbamate To a solution of benzamide (1 mmol) in methanol (7 ml), KF/Al2O3 (2 g, 40% by weight) and NaOCl (3 ml of a 4% aqueous solution) were added and the mixture was reuxed for 30 min. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, the solid base was ltered. Methanol was then removed by rotary evaporation and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc (20 ml). The EtOAc layer was washed with water (10 ml 3), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a crude product which was puried by crystallization using petroleum ether. 2.2. Methyl N-(2-thiophene)carbamate (2l) White solid; mp 8890 C; 1H NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): d 3.80 (s, 3H), 6.60 (d, 1H, J = 2.46 Hz), 6.806.88 (m, 2H), 7.20 (br s, 1H); 13C NMR (CDCl3, 75 MHz): d 53.82, 113.29, 118.47, 125.53, 140.67, 154.87; FTIR (KBr): 3257, 2960, 1696, 1576, 1349, 1289, 1249, 1071 cm1; HRMS calcd for C6H7NO2S (M+) 157.1923, found 157.4601. Acknowledgements
12.

3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11.

The authors acknowledge the Director, Dr. P. G. Rao and Dr. N. Borthakur, HOD, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Division, the Analytical Division of RRL, Jorhat, Assam, India, for their help. P.G. thanks CSIR, New Delhi, for the research fellowship. References and notes
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