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    GD4107 05 Topography

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    Silver Olguín Camacho
    This document discusses watershed modeling. It defines a model as representing the real world through measurement, simplification, and generalization. It notes the challenge of balancing a model's simplicity and accuracy. It describes different types of models, including symbolic, iconic, mathematical, empirical, numerical, and spatial models using GIS. The key elements of a watershed model are described as land cover, climate factors like precipitation and temperature, soil type, and topography. Topography can be modeled through measuring and generating a digital elevation model (DEM) from elevation data, which can then derive slope, flow direction, and watershed boundaries. Methods for generating a DEM include irregular sampling, Delaunay triangulation, and interpolation.

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    GD4107 05 Topography

    Uploaded by

    Silver Olguín Camacho
    25 views14 pages
    This document discusses watershed modeling. It defines a model as representing the real world through measurement, simplification, and generalization. It notes the challenge of balancing a model's simplicity and accuracy. It describes different types of models, including symbolic, iconic, mathematical, empirical, numerical, and spatial models using GIS. The key elements of a watershed model are described as land cover, climate factors like precipitation and temperature, soil type, and topography. Topography can be modeled through measuring and generating a digital elevation model (DEM) from elevation data, which can then derive slope, flow direction, and watershed boundaries. Methods for generating a DEM include irregular sampling, Delaunay triangulation, and interpolation.

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    This document discusses watershed modeling. It defines a model as representing the real world through measurement, simplification, and generalization. It notes the challenge of balancing a model's simplicity and accuracy. It describes different types of models, including symbolic, iconic, mathematical, empirical, numerical, and spatial models using GIS. The key elements of a watershed model are described as land cover, climate factors like precipitation and temperature, soil type, and topography. Topography can be modeled through measuring and generating a digital elevation model (DEM) from elevation data, which can then derive slope, flow direction, and watershed boundaries. Methods for generating a DEM include irregular sampling, Delaunay triangulation, and interpolation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views14 pages

    GD4107 05 Topography

    Uploaded by

    Silver Olguín Camacho
    This document discusses watershed modeling. It defines a model as representing the real world through measurement, simplification, and generalization. It notes the challenge of balancing a model's simplicity and accuracy. It describes different types of models, including symbolic, iconic, mathematical, empirical, numerical, and spatial models using GIS. The key elements of a watershed model are described as land cover, climate factors like precipitation and temperature, soil type, and topography. Topography can be modeled through measuring and generating a digital elevation model (DEM) from elevation data, which can then derive slope, flow direction, and watershed boundaries. Methods for generating a DEM include irregular sampling, Delaunay triangulation, and interpolation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    GD4107 Watershed Hydrography Week #05 Watershed model

    Model
    Model = ideal A model represents or imitates real world Modelling = process of creating a model:
    Measurement Simplification Generalization Presentation
    real world measurement simplification generalization presentation

    model

    Simplicity vs. accuracy


    A model can be simple but less accurate or accurate but complicated Challenge:
    Accuracy Simplicity
    real world accurate model simple model

    Types of models
    Symbolic, use of symbols Iconic, use of icons, e.g. map Mathematical (use of mathematics):
    Empirical Numerical Spatial use of spatial parameters, i.e. GIS

    ...

    Model of watershed

    Elements of watershed model


    Land cover Climate (i.e. precipitation, air temperature) Type of soil Topography
    LAND COVER

    CLIMATE

    SOIL TYPE

    TOPOGRAPHY

    Topography
    Generated through:
    Measurement of elevation Generation of DEM

    A DEM can be derived into:


    Slope Flow direction Watershed boundary

    DEM = Model of Topography


    A DEM
    is presented as elevation on regular grid is generated from sporadic height sampling can be derived into slope and consecutively to flow direction and flow accumulation network of flow accummulation constructs drainage network

    Topography model of Upper Citarum

    Generation of DEM
    Irregular sample distribution

    Triangulation
    Delaunay triangulation

    Interpolation
    a is interpolated from 1, 2 and 3, say 1 2 a 1 (1,5,7) 2 (7,4,5) 3 3 (3,1,3) A (2,4,z)

    Evaluation of DEM quality


    Can be evaluated at 3 1 2 a 3 extent resolution

    Sources of DEM
    Digital topographic map from National Mapping Agency SRTM (=Shuttle RADAR Topography Mission) from NASA

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